國務院關于印(yin)發(fa)“十三五”生態環境保護規劃(hua)的通知

國發〔2016〕65號

　　各省、自治區、直(zhi)轄市人民政府，國務院各部委、各直(zhi)屬(shu)機構(gou)：

　　現將(jiang)《“十(shi)三(san)五”生(sheng)態環境保護(hu)規劃(hua)》印發給你們，請認真貫徹實施。

　　國務院

　　2016年11月(yue)24日

　　（此件公開發布）

“十三五”生態環境(jing)保護規(gui)劃

目　　錄

　　第一章　全國生態(tai)環(huan)境保護形勢

　　第一節　生(sheng)態環境保護取得積極進展(zhan)

　　第(di)二節　生態(tai)環(huan)境是全(quan)面(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會的突出(chu)短(duan)板(ban)

　　第三(san)節　生態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)面臨機遇與挑戰

　　第二(er)章　指(zhi)導思想(xiang)、基本原則與主要目(mu)標

　　第(di)一節(jie)　指導(dao)思想

　　第二節　基本原則

　　第三節　主要目標

　　第三章　強化源頭防(fang)控(kong)，夯(hang)實綠色發展(zhan)基礎

　　第(di)一節　強(qiang)化生態空間管(guan)控

　　第二(er)節　推(tui)進供給(gei)側結(jie)構性改革(ge)

　　第(di)三(san)節　強化綠(lv)色科技創新(xin)引領(ling)

　　第四(si)節　推(tui)動(dong)區域綠色(se)協調(diao)發展

　　第四章　深化質量(liang)管理，大力實施三大行動計(ji)劃

　　第一節　分區(qu)施策(ce)改(gai)善大(da)氣環境質量

　　第二(er)節　精準發(fa)力提升水環境(jing)質量

　　第三節　分(fen)類防治土壤環境污染

　　第五章(zhang)　實施(shi)專項治理，全面(mian)推進達(da)標排放與污(wu)染減排

　　第一節　實施工業(ye)污染源(yuan)全面達(da)標排(pai)放計劃

　　第二節(jie)　深(shen)入推進(jin)重(zhong)點污染物減(jian)排

　　第(di)三(san)節　加(jia)強基礎(chu)設施(shi)建設

　　第四節　加快(kuai)農業農村(cun)環(huan)境綜(zong)合(he)治理

　　第(di)六章　實行(xing)全程管控，有效防(fang)范和降低(di)環境(jing)風險

　　第一節　完善風險防控和應急響應體系

　　第二節　加大重金(jin)屬(shu)污染防治力度

　　第三節(jie)　提高危險廢物處(chu)置水平

　　第四節　夯實化學品風險防控基礎

　　第五(wu)節　加強核與(yu)輻射安全管理(li)

　　第七章　加大保(bao)護力度(du)，強化生態修復(fu)

　　第一節　維護國(guo)家生態(tai)安全

　　第二(er)節　管(guan)護重(zhong)點生態(tai)區域

　　第三節　保護(hu)重要生態系統

　　第四(si)節　提升生態系(xi)統功能

　　第五節(jie)　修復(fu)生(sheng)態退化(hua)地區

　　第六節　擴大生態產品供給(gei)

　　第七節　保(bao)護生物多(duo)樣性

　　第八(ba)章　加(jia)快制(zhi)度創新，積極推進治(zhi)理體系和治(zhi)理能力現代(dai)化(hua)

　　第一節　健全法治(zhi)體系

　　第二節　完(wan)善市場機制

　　第三節　落實地方(fang)責任

　　第四節　加強企業(ye)監管(guan)

　　第五(wu)節　實施全民(min)行動

　　第六節　提(ti)升(sheng)治理能力

　　第九(jiu)章　實(shi)施一批國(guo)家生態(tai)環境(jing)保護重大工程

　　第十章　健全規劃實施保障措施

　　第(di)一節　明確任務分工

　　第(di)二節(jie)　加(jia)大投入力度

　　第三節　加強國際合作

　　第四節　推(tui)進試點示范

　　第五節　嚴格評估考核

　　第一章　全國生態環境保(bao)護(hu)形勢

　　黨中央、國務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)高度(du)重視生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護工(gong)作。“十二五(wu)”以(yi)來，堅決向(xiang)污(wu)染宣戰，全力推進大(da)氣、水(shui)、土(tu)壤污(wu)染防(fang)治，持(chi)續加大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保護力度(du)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)有所(suo)改(gai)善，完(wan)成(cheng)了“十二五(wu)”規(gui)劃(hua)確定的主(zhu)要目(mu)標和(he)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。“十三五(wu)”期(qi)間(jian)，經濟社會發展(zhan)不平衡、不協(xie)調、不可持(chi)續的問(wen)題仍然突出，多階段(duan)、多領域(yu)、多類(lei)型生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問(wen)題交(jiao)織，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與人民群眾(zhong)需求和(he)期(qi)待差距較大(da)，提高環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)，加強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)綜合治理，加快補齊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)短板，是(shi)當前核(he)心任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。

　　第一節　生態環境保護取(qu)得積極進展(zhan)

　　生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)上(shang)升為(wei)國(guo)家戰略(lve)。黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務院(yuan)高度(du)(du)重(zhong)視生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)。習近平(ping)總(zong)(zong)書記多次強(qiang)調，“綠(lv)水青(qing)山(shan)(shan)就是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)(shan)銀山(shan)(shan)”，“要堅持節約資源和(he)保(bao)護環(huan)(huan)(huan)境的基本國(guo)策”，“像保(bao)護眼睛一(yi)(yi)樣保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境，像對待生(sheng)(sheng)命一(yi)(yi)樣對待生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境”。李克強(qiang)總(zong)(zong)理多次指(zhi)出，要加(jia)大環(huan)(huan)(huan)境綜合(he)治(zhi)理力度(du)(du)，提高生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明水平(ping)，促(cu)進綠(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)，下(xia)決(jue)心走出一(yi)(yi)條經濟發(fa)展(zhan)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)境改善雙贏(ying)之(zhi)路。黨(dang)(dang)的十八(ba)大以來，黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)、國(guo)務院(yuan)把生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)擺在更加(jia)重(zhong)要的戰略(lve)位(wei)置，納入(ru)“五位(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)”總(zong)(zong)體(ti)布局，作出一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)重(zhong)大決(jue)策部署，出臺(tai)《生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明體(ti)制改革(ge)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)方案(an)》，實施大氣、水、土壤污染(ran)防治(zhi)行動計(ji)劃。把發(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)、執(zhi)政(zheng)觀(guan)、自然(ran)觀(guan)內在統一(yi)(yi)起來，融入(ru)到執(zhi)政(zheng)理念、發(fa)展(zhan)理念中(zhong)，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設(she)的認識高度(du)(du)、實踐深度(du)(du)、推進力度(du)(du)前所未有(you)。

　　生(sheng)(sheng)態環境質量(liang)有所改善(shan)。2015年，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)338個(ge)地(di)級(ji)及以(yi)上城市細顆粒物（PM2.5）年均濃度(du)(du)為50微克/立(li)方米(mi)，首批開展監測(ce)的(de)74個(ge)城市細顆粒物年均濃度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)2013年下降23.6%，京津冀(ji)、長三角、珠三角分別下降27.4%、20.9%、27.7%，酸(suan)雨區(qu)占國(guo)土(tu)面積(ji)比(bi)(bi)例(li)由(you)歷史(shi)高峰值(zhi)的(de)30%左右(you)降至7.6%，大(da)氣污染防治初見成效。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)1940個(ge)地(di)表水國(guo)控(kong)斷面Ⅰ—Ⅲ類(lei)比(bi)(bi)例(li)提高至66%，劣Ⅴ類(lei)比(bi)(bi)例(li)下降至9.7%，大(da)江大(da)河干流水質明顯(xian)改善(shan)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)森(sen)林覆蓋率提高至21.66%，森(sen)林蓄(xu)積(ji)量(liang)達到151.4億立(li)方米(mi)，草(cao)原綜(zong)合植被(bei)蓋度(du)(du)54%。建成自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)2740個(ge)，占陸(lu)地(di)國(guo)土(tu)面積(ji)14.8%，超過(guo)90%的(de)陸(lu)地(di)自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態系統類(lei)型、89%的(de)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物種類(lei)以(yi)及大(da)多數(shu)重(zhong)要自(zi)(zi)然遺跡在(zai)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內得到保(bao)護(hu)，大(da)熊貓、東北虎、朱(zhu)鹮(huan)、藏羚羊、揚(yang)子鱷等部分珍稀瀕危物種野外種群(qun)數(shu)量(liang)穩中有升。荒漠化和沙化狀況(kuang)連續三個(ge)監測(ce)周期實現面積(ji)“雙縮減”。

　　治(zhi)污(wu)減(jian)排(pai)目標任(ren)務超額(e)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。到(dao)2015年(nian)，全國(guo)脫硫(liu)、脫硝(xiao)機(ji)組容(rong)量(liang)占煤(mei)電(dian)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)比例分別提高到(dao)99%、92%，完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)組超低排(pai)放(fang)改造(zao)1.6億千瓦。全國(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水處理(li)(li)率提高到(dao)92%，城(cheng)市(shi)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區生(sheng)活垃圾無害化(hua)處理(li)(li)率達到(dao)94.1%。7.2萬個村(cun)莊(zhuang)實施環境綜合(he)整治(zhi)，1.2億多(duo)農村(cun)人口直接受益。6.1萬家規模化(hua)養殖場(chang)（小區）建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)廢棄物處理(li)(li)和資(zi)源化(hua)利用設施。“十二(er)五”期間，全國(guo)化(hua)學需氧量(liang)和氨氮(dan)、二(er)氧化(hua)硫(liu)、氮(dan)氧化(hua)物排(pai)放(fang)總量(liang)分別累計下降12.9%、13%、18%、18.6%。

　　生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與(yu)建(jian)設取得成效。天然(ran)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資源保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、退耕還(huan)(huan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)還(huan)(huan)草(cao)、退牧還(huan)(huan)草(cao)、防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系建(jian)設、河湖與(yu)濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)修復、防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)治沙(sha)(sha)、水(shui)土(tu)保(bao)(bao)持、石(shi)漠(mo)化治理、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)及自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)建(jian)設等一批重大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與(yu)修復工程(cheng)穩(wen)步實施。重點(dian)國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)天然(ran)林(lin)(lin)(lin)全部(bu)停止商業性(xing)采伐。全國受保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的濕(shi)地(di)面積增加525.94萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，自然(ran)濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)率(lv)提高到46.8%。沙(sha)(sha)化土(tu)地(di)治理10萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里、水(shui)土(tu)流失治理26.6萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。完成全國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境十年(nian)變化（2000—2010年(nian)）調查評(ping)估，發布《中國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)紅色名錄》。建(jian)立(li)各(ge)級森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園、濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園、沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園4300多(duo)個(ge)。16個(ge)省（區(qu)、市(shi)）開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)省建(jian)設，1000多(duo)個(ge)市(shi)（縣、區(qu)）開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)市(shi)（縣、區(qu)）建(jian)設，114個(ge)市(shi)（縣、區(qu)）獲得國家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設示(shi)范區(qu)命名。國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)改(gai)革(ge)方(fang)案及國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)改(gai)革(ge)指導意見(jian)印發實施，6個(ge)省完成國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)改(gai)革(ge)試點(dian)任(ren)務。

　　環境(jing)風險防控(kong)穩步推進(jin)。到2015年，50個(ge)危險廢物(wu)、273個(ge)醫(yi)療廢物(wu)集中(zhong)處置設施基本建成，歷(li)史遺(yi)留的670萬噸鉻(ge)渣全(quan)部處置完畢(bi)，鉛、汞、鎘、鉻(ge)、砷五種重金屬污染物(wu)排放量比2007年下降27.7%，涉重金屬突(tu)發環境(jing)事(shi)件數(shu)量大幅(fu)減少。科學應對(dui)天津港“8 12”特別重大火災爆炸等事(shi)故環境(jing)影(ying)響。核(he)設施安全(quan)水平(ping)持(chi)續提高，核(he)技術利(li)用(yong)管(guan)理日趨規范，輻射環境(jing)質(zhi)量保持(chi)良好。

　　生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)法(fa)治建設不(bu)斷完善(shan)。環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)、大氣污染防治法(fa)、放射性廢物安全(quan)管理條例(li)、環(huan)境(jing)空(kong)氣質量標準(zhun)等完成制修(xiu)訂，生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)責任追究辦法(fa)等文件陸續出(chu)臺，生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補償機制進一步健全(quan)。深(shen)入開展(zhan)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)實施年活動(dong)和環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)綜合(he)督察。全(quan)社會生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)法(fa)治觀念(nian)和意識不(bu)斷加(jia)強。

　　第(di)二節(jie)　生態環境是全(quan)面(mian)建成小康社會的突出短板

　　污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放量大面廣，環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)重。我國化學需(xu)氧量、二氧化硫等主要污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放量仍然處于2000萬噸(dun)左(zuo)右的(de)高(gao)位，環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)承載(zai)能力超(chao)(chao)(chao)過或接(jie)近上(shang)限。78.4%的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市空氣(qi)質量未達標(biao)，公眾反映強烈的(de)重度及以上(shang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)天(tian)數比例占3.2%，部分(fen)地區冬季(ji)空氣(qi)重污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)頻發高(gao)發。飲用水(shui)水(shui)源安(an)全保障(zhang)水(shui)平亟(ji)需(xu)提升，排污(wu)(wu)布局與水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)承載(zai)能力不匹配，城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區黑臭水(shui)體大量存在，湖庫富營養化問題依然突出(chu)，部分(fen)流域水(shui)體污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)依然較重。全國土壤(rang)點(dian)位超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)率16.1%，耕地土壤(rang)點(dian)位超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)率19.4%，工礦廢棄地土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)問題突出(chu)。城(cheng)(cheng)鄉環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)公共服務差距(ju)大，治理和改(gai)善任務艱(jian)巨。

　　山水林田湖(hu)缺(que)乏(fa)統籌保護(hu)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)損害大。中度(du)以(yi)(yi)上生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)脆(cui)弱區(qu)域占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)陸地(di)國(guo)土面(mian)積的(de)(de)55%，荒漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)和石漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)土地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)土面(mian)積的(de)(de)近(jin)(jin)20%。森林系統低(di)質化(hua)(hua)、森林結構純林化(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能低(di)效化(hua)(hua)、自然(ran)景(jing)觀(guan)人工(gong)化(hua)(hua)趨勢加(jia)劇(ju)，每年(nian)違法違規侵(qin)占(zhan)(zhan)林地(di)約(yue)200萬畝，全(quan)國(guo)森林單位面(mian)積蓄積量只有全(quan)球(qiu)平均水平的(de)(de)78%。全(quan)國(guo)草(cao)原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)總體惡(e)化(hua)(hua)局面(mian)尚未根本(ben)扭轉(zhuan)，中度(du)和重度(du)退(tui)化(hua)(hua)草(cao)原(yuan)面(mian)積仍(reng)占(zhan)(zhan)1/3以(yi)(yi)上，已恢復(fu)的(de)(de)草(cao)原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統較為脆(cui)弱。全(quan)國(guo)濕地(di)面(mian)積近(jin)(jin)年(nian)來(lai)每年(nian)減少(shao)約(yue)510萬畝，900多種脊(ji)椎動物(wu)、3700多種高等植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)存受到威脅。資(zi)源過度(du)開發利用導致生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破(po)壞問題突(tu)出(chu)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)空間不(bu)斷(duan)被蠶食侵(qin)占(zhan)(zhan)，一些地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源破(po)壞嚴重，系統保護(hu)難度(du)加(jia)大。

　　產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)和布局不合理，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境風險(xian)高。我國是化學品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和消費大(da)國，有毒有害污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)不斷(duan)增加，區域性(xing)、結(jie)(jie)構(gou)性(xing)、布局性(xing)環境風險(xian)日益凸顯(xian)。環境風險(xian)企業(ye)數量龐大(da)、近水靠城(cheng)，危險(xian)化學品安(an)全事故導致的環境污染(ran)(ran)事件(jian)(jian)頻(pin)發。突發環境事件(jian)(jian)呈現原因復雜、污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)質多樣、影響(xiang)地域敏(min)感、影響(xiang)范圍(wei)擴大(da)的趨勢。過去十年年均發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)森林火災(zai)7600多起，森林病蟲害發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積1.75億畝以上。近年來，年均截(jie)獲有害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)達100萬(wan)批次，動植物(wu)傳染(ran)(ran)及(ji)檢疫性(xing)有害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)從國境口(kou)岸傳入風險(xian)高。

　　第三(san)節　生態環(huan)境保護面(mian)臨(lin)機遇(yu)與挑戰(zhan)

　　“十(shi)三五”期(qi)間，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)面(mian)臨(lin)重要的(de)戰略機遇。全(quan)面(mian)深(shen)化(hua)改革與(yu)全(quan)面(mian)依(yi)法(fa)治國深(shen)入(ru)推進，創新發展和(he)綠(lv)色發展深(shen)入(ru)實施，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建設體制機制逐步健全(quan)，為環(huan)境保護(hu)釋放政策紅利、法(fa)治紅利和(he)技(ji)術紅利。經濟(ji)轉型(xing)升級(ji)、供給側結(jie)構性(xing)改革加快(kuai)化(hua)解重污染過剩產能、增加生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產品供給，污染物新增排(pai)放壓力(li)趨緩(huan)。公眾生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)意(yi)識日益增強，全(quan)社會保護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境的(de)合力(li)逐步形(xing)成。

　　同時，我國工業化(hua)、城鎮化(hua)、農業現代化(hua)的任(ren)務(wu)尚未完(wan)成，生態環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護仍面臨巨(ju)大(da)壓(ya)力(li)。伴隨著經濟下(xia)行壓(ya)力(li)加大(da)，發展與保(bao)(bao)護的矛盾更加突出，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地(di)方環(huan)保(bao)(bao)投入減弱，進一(yi)(yi)步推進環(huan)境治(zhi)理和(he)質量改善任(ren)務(wu)艱巨(ju)。區域(yu)生態環(huan)境分(fen)(fen)化(hua)趨勢顯現，污(wu)染點(dian)狀分(fen)(fen)布轉向面上擴張，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)區生態系統(tong)穩定性和(he)服務(wu)功能(neng)下(xia)降，統(tong)籌協(xie)調保(bao)(bao)護難度大(da)。我國積極應對全球氣候(hou)變化(hua)，推進“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”建(jian)設，國際社會尤其是發達國家要求我國承擔更多(duo)環(huan)境責任(ren)，深度參與全球環(huan)境治(zhi)理挑戰大(da)。

　　“十三五”期間，生態環境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)機(ji)遇與挑(tiao)戰(zhan)并存(cun)，既是負(fu)重前行(xing)、大有作(zuo)為的關(guan)鍵(jian)期，也是實(shi)現(xian)質(zhi)量改善(shan)的攻(gong)堅期、窗口期。要(yao)充(chong)分利用新機(ji)遇新條件，妥善(shan)應(ying)對各種風險(xian)和挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，堅定推進生態環境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)，提高(gao)生態環境(jing)質(zhi)量。

　　第二章　指導思想、基本原(yuan)則與主(zhu)要(yao)目(mu)標

　　第(di)一節(jie)　指導思想

　　全(quan)面(mian)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹(che)黨的(de)十(shi)(shi)八大(da)(da)和(he)十(shi)(shi)八屆三中(zhong)、四中(zhong)、五中(zhong)、六中(zhong)全(quan)會精(jing)神，以鄧小平(ping)理(li)(li)論(lun)、“三個代表”重要(yao)思(si)想、科(ke)學(xue)發展觀為指導，深入貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹(che)習(xi)近平(ping)總書記系列重要(yao)講話精(jing)神和(he)治(zhi)國理(li)(li)政新理(li)(li)念新思(si)想新戰略，統籌推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“五位一(yi)(yi)體(ti)”總體(ti)布(bu)(bu)局和(he)協(xie)調推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“四個全(quan)面(mian)”戰略布(bu)(bu)局，牢固樹立和(he)貫(guan)(guan)(guan)徹(che)落實創新、協(xie)調、綠色(se)、開(kai)放、共享(xiang)的(de)發展理(li)(li)念，按(an)照(zhao)黨中(zhong)央、國務(wu)院(yuan)決策部署，以提(ti)高(gao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)為核心，實施最嚴(yan)格的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護制度，打(da)好(hao)大(da)(da)氣、水(shui)、土壤污染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)三大(da)(da)戰役，加強生態(tai)保護與修復(fu)，嚴(yan)密防(fang)控生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)風險，加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)領域國家治(zhi)理(li)(li)體(ti)系和(he)治(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)現(xian)代化，不斷提(ti)高(gao)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管理(li)(li)系統化、科(ke)學(xue)化、法治(zhi)化、精(jing)細化、信息化水(shui)平(ping)，為人民提(ti)供更多優(you)質(zhi)生態(tai)產(chan)品，為實現(xian)“兩個一(yi)(yi)百(bai)年”奮斗目標和(he)中(zhong)華(hua)民族偉大(da)(da)復(fu)興(xing)的(de)中(zhong)國夢作出(chu)貢獻。

　　第二節　基本原則

　　堅持(chi)(chi)綠色(se)(se)發(fa)展、標本兼(jian)治(zhi)。綠色(se)(se)富(fu)國、綠色(se)(se)惠(hui)民(min)，處理好發(fa)展和保(bao)護(hu)的(de)關系，協同推進新型工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、城(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)、農業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)綠色(se)(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。堅持(chi)(chi)立(li)足(zu)當前與(yu)著眼長遠相結(jie)合(he)，加(jia)強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)與(yu)穩增(zeng)長、調結(jie)構、惠(hui)民(min)生(sheng)、防風險相結(jie)合(he)，強化(hua)(hua)(hua)源頭防控，推進供給側結(jie)構性(xing)改(gai)革(ge)，優化(hua)(hua)(hua)空間(jian)布局，推動(dong)形成綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)產和綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)活(huo)方式，從源頭預防生(sheng)態(tai)破(po)壞和環(huan)境(jing)污染，加(jia)大(da)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理力度，促(cu)進人與(yu)自然和諧發(fa)展。

　　堅持質量核心、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)施治(zhi)。以解決生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)突出問題為導向，分區域、分流域、分階段明(ming)確生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量改善目標任(ren)務。統(tong)(tong)籌運(yun)用結構優化、污染治(zhi)理、污染減(jian)排、達標排放、生態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)等多種手段，實施一批重大工程，開展多污染物(wu)協同防(fang)治(zhi)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)推進生態(tai)修復與環境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理，確保(bao)生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量穩(wen)步提升，提高優質生態(tai)產品供(gong)給能力。

　　堅(jian)持空間(jian)(jian)管控、分類(lei)防治。生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)優先，統籌(chou)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)空間(jian)(jian)管理，劃定并嚴守生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護紅(hong)線，維護國家生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全。建立系統完整、責權清晰、監管有效的管理格局(ju)，實施(shi)(shi)差異化管理，分區分類(lei)管控，分級分項施(shi)(shi)策，提升(sheng)精細化管理水平。

　　堅持改革創新、強化(hua)法(fa)(fa)治。以改革創新推進(jin)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護，轉變環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治理理念和方式(shi)，改革生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治理基礎制(zhi)度，建立(li)覆蓋所有固定污染源的企業(ye)排(pai)放許可制(zhi)，實行省以下環(huan)(huan)保(bao)機(ji)構(gou)監(jian)測(ce)監(jian)察執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)垂直管理制(zhi)度，加快形(xing)成(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)完(wan)整的生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)制(zhi)度體系(xi)。加強環(huan)(huan)境(jing)立(li)法(fa)(fa)、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)司法(fa)(fa)、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，從硬從嚴(yan)，重拳出擊，促進(jin)全(quan)社會遵紀守法(fa)(fa)。依(yi)靠(kao)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)和制(zhi)度加強生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護，實現源頭嚴(yan)防、過程嚴(yan)管、后果嚴(yan)懲。

　　堅持(chi)履職盡責(ze)(ze)、社會(hui)共(gong)治(zhi)。建立(li)嚴格的(de)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護責(ze)(ze)任制度，合理劃分中央和地方(fang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護事(shi)權和支出責(ze)(ze)任，落實生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護“黨政(zheng)同責(ze)(ze)”、“一崗雙(shuang)責(ze)(ze)”。落實企業(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理主體(ti)(ti)責(ze)(ze)任，動員(yuan)全社會(hui)積極參與(yu)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護，激勵與(yu)約(yue)束并舉，政(zheng)府與(yu)市(shi)場“兩手(shou)發力”，形成(cheng)政(zheng)府、企業(ye)、公眾共(gong)治(zhi)的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理體(ti)(ti)系。

　　第三節　主要目標

　　到2020年(nian)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境質量(liang)總體(ti)改善。生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活方式綠色(se)、低碳水平(ping)上升，主要(yao)污(wu)染物排(pai)放總量(liang)大幅減少(shao)，環境風(feng)險(xian)得到有效控制，生(sheng)物多樣性下降勢頭得到基本控制，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統穩定性明(ming)顯(xian)增(zeng)強，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全屏障基本形(xing)成，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境領域國(guo)家治理體(ti)系(xi)和治理能力現(xian)代(dai)化取(qu)得重大進(jin)展，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建設水平(ping)與全面建成小康社(she)會目標相適應(ying)。

　　第(di)三章　強化源頭防控，夯實綠色發(fa)展基礎(chu)

　　綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)是從源頭破解我國(guo)資(zi)源環(huan)境(jing)約束瓶頸、提高發(fa)展(zhan)質量的(de)關鍵(jian)。要創新(xin)調控方式(shi)，強化源頭管理，以生態(tai)空(kong)間管控引導構建綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)展(zhan)格(ge)局，以生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護推進(jin)供給側(ce)結構性(xing)改革，以綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)科(ke)技創新(xin)引領生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)治理，促進(jin)重點區(qu)域綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)、協調發(fa)展(zhan)，加快形(xing)成節約資(zi)源和保(bao)護環(huan)境(jing)的(de)空(kong)間布局、產業(ye)結構和生產生活(huo)方式(shi)，從源頭保(bao)護生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)。

　　第一節　強(qiang)化生(sheng)態空間管控

　　全面落實主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)規劃。強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)在國土(tu)空間(jian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)保(bao)護中的(de)(de)基(ji)礎作用(yong)，推動形(xing)成主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)布局。依(yi)據不同區(qu)(qu)(qu)域主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能定位，制(zhi)(zhi)定差異化的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境目標、治理保(bao)護措施(shi)和考(kao)核評價要求(qiu)。禁止(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域實施(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護，嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)人為因素對自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)和自然文化遺產(chan)原真(zhen)性、完整性的(de)(de)干擾，嚴(yan)禁不符合主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能定位的(de)(de)各(ge)類開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)活動，引(yin)導人口逐(zhu)步有序轉移。限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)重點生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)得到有效(xiao)控制(zhi)(zhi)，形(xing)成環境友好型(xing)的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)結構，保(bao)持并提(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)能力，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統服務(wu)功(gong)(gong)能。限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)農產(chan)品主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)著力保(bao)護耕地(di)土(tu)壤環境，確保(bao)農產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)和質量(liang)安全。重點開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)環境管理與治理，大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低污(wu)染物(wu)排放強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，減(jian)少工業(ye)化、城(cheng)鎮化對生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，改善(shan)人居環境，努(nu)力提(ti)高環境質量(liang)。優化開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域引(yin)導城(cheng)市集約緊湊、綠色(se)低碳發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，擴(kuo)大(da)綠色(se)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)空間(jian)，優化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統格局。實施(shi)海洋主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)功(gong)(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)規劃，優化海洋資源開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)格局。

　　劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)并(bing)嚴(yan)守(shou)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)。2017年(nian)(nian)底前，京津冀區域、長江經(jing)濟(ji)帶沿線(xian)(xian)各省(sheng)（市(shi)）劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)；2018年(nian)(nian)底前，其他省(sheng)（區、市(shi)）劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)；2020年(nian)(nian)底前，全(quan)(quan)面完成全(quan)(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)、勘界定(ding)(ding)標，基本建(jian)(jian)立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)制度。制定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)管(guan)控(kong)措(cuo)施，建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)補償機(ji)制，定(ding)(ding)期(qi)發布生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀況信息。建(jian)(jian)立(li)監(jian)控(kong)體(ti)系與評價(jia)考(kao)核(he)制度，對各省(sheng)（區、市(shi)）生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)(hong)線(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)成效進行評價(jia)考(kao)核(he)。全(quan)(quan)面保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)(quan)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)和提升(sheng)森林、草原、河流(liu)、湖泊、濕地、海(hai)洋等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統功能，提高優質生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)產品供(gong)給能力。

　　推動(dong)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)一(yi)(yi)”。以主(zhu)體功能區(qu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)為(wei)基礎(chu)，規(gui)(gui)(gui)范完(wan)善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)管控(kong)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)承載(zai)力調控(kong)、環境(jing)(jing)質量底線控(kong)制(zhi)、戰(zhan)略(lve)環評與規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)環評剛(gang)性約(yue)束等環境(jing)(jing)引導和(he)管控(kong)要求，制(zhi)定落實生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線、環境(jing)(jing)質量底線、資源利用(yong)上(shang)線和(he)環境(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入負(fu)面(mian)清(qing)單的技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范，強化(hua)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)一(yi)(yi)”的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)支持。以市縣級行政區(qu)為(wei)單元，建立由空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)、用(yong)途(tu)管制(zhi)、差異化(hua)績效考核等構成的空(kong)間(jian)(jian)治(zhi)理體系。積極推動(dong)建立國家空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)體系，統籌各類空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)，推進(jin)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)一(yi)(yi)”。研(yan)究制(zhi)定生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)促進(jin)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)一(yi)(yi)”的指導意見。自2018年起，啟動(dong)省域、區(qu)域、城(cheng)市群(qun)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)研(yan)究。

　　第(di)二節　推進供(gong)給側(ce)結(jie)構性(xing)改(gai)革(ge)

　　強化(hua)(hua)環(huan)境(jing)硬約束推動淘汰(tai)(tai)(tai)落(luo)后(hou)和過剩(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。建立重(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)退出和過剩(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)解機制(zhi)，對(dui)長期超標排(pai)(pai)放的企(qi)業(ye)、無(wu)治理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力且(qie)無(wu)治理(li)意愿的企(qi)業(ye)、達(da)標無(wu)望的企(qi)業(ye)，依(yi)法予以關閉(bi)淘汰(tai)(tai)(tai)。修訂完善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)保護綜(zong)合(he)名錄，推動淘汰(tai)(tai)(tai)高污(wu)(wu)染、高環(huan)境(jing)風險的工藝、設備與產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。鼓勵各地制(zhi)定(ding)范圍更(geng)寬(kuan)、標準更(geng)高的落(luo)后(hou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)淘汰(tai)(tai)(tai)政策，京津冀地區要加大對(dui)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)實現達(da)標排(pai)(pai)放的鋼鐵等(deng)過剩(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)淘汰(tai)(tai)(tai)力度。依(yi)據區域資源環(huan)境(jing)承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，確(que)定(ding)各地區造(zao)紙、制(zhi)革(ge)、印染、焦化(hua)(hua)、煉(lian)硫、煉(lian)砷、煉(lian)油、電鍍、農藥等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)規模限值(zhi)。實行(xing)新（改、擴）建項目重(zhong)點污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)(pai)放等(deng)量或減量置(zhi)換。調整優(you)化(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)結構，煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、平板玻璃等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)過剩(sheng)行(xing)業(ye)實行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)量或減量置(zhi)換。

　　嚴(yan)格環保能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗要(yao)求(qiu)促進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)加快(kuai)升級改造(zao)(zao)。實施(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗總量和強(qiang)度“雙控”行動，全(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構等(deng)(deng)重點(dian)領域節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。嚴(yan)格新建項(xiang)目節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)評估審查，加強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察(cha)，強(qiang)化全(quan)過程節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)管。鋼鐵、有色(se)金屬、化工(gong)(gong)、建材、輕工(gong)(gong)、紡織等(deng)(deng)傳統制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)面(mian)實施(shi)電(dian)機、變壓器等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升、清(qing)潔生產、節(jie)(jie)水治污、循環利(li)用等(deng)(deng)專項(xiang)技術改造(zao)(zao)，實施(shi)系統能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升、燃煤鍋爐節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保綜合提(ti)升、綠(lv)色(se)照明、余熱暖民(min)等(deng)(deng)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)程。支持企(qi)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)強(qiang)綠(lv)色(se)精益制造(zao)(zao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，推動工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)應用分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。

　　促進綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)和(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)。從設(she)(she)計(ji)、原料、生產(chan)、采購、物流、回(hui)收(shou)等全流程強化產(chan)品(pin)全生命周期綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)管理。支(zhi)持企(qi)業推(tui)(tui)(tui)行綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)設(she)(she)計(ji)，開發(fa)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)品(pin)，完善綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)包裝標準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)動包裝減量化、無害化和(he)材料回(hui)收(shou)利用。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)工廠(chang)，發(fa)展綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)工業園區，打造(zao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)供(gong)應鏈(lian)，開展綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)評價和(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)工藝推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣行動，全面推(tui)(tui)(tui)進綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。增(zeng)(zeng)強綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)能力，整合(he)環(huan)保(bao)、節能、節水(shui)、循環(huan)、低(di)碳(tan)、再生、有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)等產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)統一(yi)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)品(pin)標準(zhun)、認證(zheng)、標識體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。發(fa)展生態農業和(he)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)農業，加快有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)食(shi)品(pin)基地建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)產(chan)業發(fa)展，增(zeng)(zeng)加有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)。到(dao)2020年，創建(jian)(jian)(jian)百家(jia)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)設(she)(she)計(ji)示(shi)范企(qi)業、百家(jia)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)示(shi)范園區、千(qian)家(jia)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)示(shi)范工廠(chang)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)基本(ben)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)。

　　推動(dong)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)發展。實施循(xun)環(huan)(huan)發展引領計劃，推進城市(shi)低值廢(fei)(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)集中處置，開展資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地和(he)生態工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區建設(she)(she)，建設(she)(she)一批循(xun)環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟領域國家(jia)(jia)新型工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地和(he)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟示(shi)范(fan)市(shi)縣。實施高(gao)端再(zai)制造、智能(neng)再(zai)制造和(he)在役(yi)再(zai)制造示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。深化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)基(ji)(ji)地建設(she)(she)試點，建設(she)(she)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)和(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)再(zai)生利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。依托國家(jia)(jia)“城市(shi)礦產(chan)(chan)”示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)(ji)地，培(pei)育(yu)一批回(hui)(hui)收(shou)和(he)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)骨干企業(ye)(ye)、再(zai)生資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地和(he)園(yuan)區。健全再(zai)生資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)網(wang)絡，規范(fan)完善廢(fei)(fei)(fei)鋼鐵、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)輪胎、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)紡織品與(yu)服裝、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)塑(su)料、廢(fei)(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)動(dong)力電池等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)管理。嘗試建立逆向回(hui)(hui)收(shou)渠道(dao)，推廣“互(hu)聯網(wang)+回(hui)(hui)收(shou)”、智能(neng)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)等(deng)新型回(hui)(hui)收(shou)方式，實行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)責(ze)任延伸制度。到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，全國工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)固體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)提高(gao)到(dao)73%。實現化(hua)肥農藥零增長(chang)，實施循(xun)環(huan)(huan)農業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，推進秸稈高(gao)值化(hua)和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，秸稈綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)達到(dao)85%，國家(jia)(jia)現代農業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)區和(he)糧食主產(chan)(chan)縣基(ji)(ji)本實現農業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。

　　推(tui)進(jin)節能環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。推(tui)動低(di)碳(tan)循環(huan)(huan)(huan)、治污(wu)減排(pai)、監(jian)測(ce)監(jian)控等核心環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)技術(shu)工藝、成套產(chan)(chan)品、裝(zhuang)備設備、材料藥劑研發(fa)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化，盡快形成一(yi)批具有(you)競爭力的主導技術(shu)和(he)產(chan)(chan)品。鼓(gu)勵(li)發(fa)展(zhan)節能環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)技術(shu)咨詢、系統設計、設備制(zhi)造、工程施工、運營管理(li)等專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化服(fu)(fu)務(wu)。大(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，推(tui)進(jin)形成合(he)同能源管理(li)、合(he)同節水管理(li)、第三(san)方監(jian)測(ce)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)第三(san)方治理(li)及(ji)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護政府(fu)和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)資(zi)本合(he)作等服(fu)(fu)務(wu)市場，開展(zhan)小城鎮(zhen)、園(yuan)區環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)托管服(fu)(fu)務(wu)試點。規范環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)績效合(he)同管理(li)，逐步建立(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)績效評價考核機制(zhi)。發(fa)布政府(fu)采購環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)清(qing)單。鼓(gu)勵(li)社(she)會(hui)(hui)資(zi)本投資(zi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，培育(yu)一(yi)批具有(you)國(guo)際競爭力的大(da)型節能環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)品牌。鼓(gu)勵(li)生態環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)領域大(da)眾創業(ye)(ye)(ye)、萬眾創新。充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)組織(zhi)、科(ke)技社(she)團在(zai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)科(ke)技創新、成果轉化和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化過程中的作用。完(wan)善行業(ye)(ye)(ye)監(jian)管制(zhi)度，開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)常規調查統計工作，建立(li)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)誠信(xin)檔案(an)，發(fa)布環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)報(bao)告(gao)。

　　第(di)三節　強(qiang)化綠(lv)色科技創(chuang)新(xin)引領

　　推(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠色(se)(se)化(hua)與創新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)深度融(rong)合(he)。把綠色(se)(se)化(hua)作(zuo)為國家實施創新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略、經濟(ji)轉型發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的重要基點(dian)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠色(se)(se)化(hua)與各(ge)領(ling)域新(xin)興技術深度融(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)綠色(se)(se)制造技術，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)制造業(ye)向價值鏈高(gao)(gao)(gao)端攀(pan)升。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態綠色(se)(se)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)安全(quan)的現代農業(ye)技術，深入開展(zhan)節(jie)水(shui)農業(ye)、循(xun)環(huan)農業(ye)、有(you)機農業(ye)、現代林(lin)業(ye)和生(sheng)(sheng)物肥料等(deng)技術研發(fa)(fa)，促進(jin)農業(ye)提質增效(xiao)和可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)安全(quan)、清(qing)潔、高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的現代能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產和消(xiao)費革命。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約循(xun)環(huan)利(li)用的關鍵技術，建立城鎮生(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利(li)用、再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回收利(li)用、工業(ye)固體廢(fei)物綜合(he)利(li)用等(deng)技術體系。重點(dian)針對大氣、水(shui)、土壤等(deng)問題，形成源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭預防(fang)、末端治理和生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)修復的成套技術。

　　加(jia)強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。瞄(miao)準世界生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)前沿(yan)，立足我國(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)戰略要求，突(tu)出自主(zhu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)、綜(zong)合(he)集成創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，加(jia)快構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)層次(ci)清晰、分工明確、運行高效、支撐有力的(de)國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。重點建(jian)(jian)(jian)立以科(ke)學研(yan)究為(wei)先(xian)導的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)理(li)論體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以應用(yong)示范為(wei)支撐的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術研(yan)發體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以人(ren)體(ti)(ti)健康為(wei)目標的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)基準和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)標準體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以提升(sheng)競(jing)爭力為(wei)核心的(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)產(chan)業培育體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以服務保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)為(wei)基礎(chu)的(de)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)管理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。實施(shi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)科(ke)研(yan)領軍(jun)人(ren)才(cai)工程，加(jia)強環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術領軍(jun)人(ren)才(cai)和青年(nian)拔尖人(ren)才(cai)培養，重點建(jian)(jian)(jian)設一批(pi)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)人(ren)才(cai)培養基地，打(da)造一批(pi)高水平創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)團隊。支持相關院校開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)基礎(chu)科(ke)學和應用(yong)科(ke)學研(yan)究。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立健全環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)職(zhi)業榮譽制度。

　　建(jian)設生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)。統(tong)籌(chou)科技(ji)資源，深化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)科技(ji)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)改革。加強(qiang)(qiang)重點實驗室、工程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)、科學觀測研究站、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)智(zhi)庫等科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)建(jian)設，加強(qiang)(qiang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研發推(tui)廣，提高管(guan)理科學化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)。積(ji)極引(yin)導(dao)企業(ye)(ye)與科研機構加強(qiang)(qiang)合作(zuo)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)企業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)主體(ti)(ti)作(zuo)用，推(tui)動環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研發、科技(ji)成(cheng)果轉移轉化(hua)和推(tui)廣應(ying)用。推(tui)動建(jian)立環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)備與服務需求信息平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)轉化(hua)交易(yi)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)。依托有(you)條(tiao)件的科技(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)，集(ji)中打造環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)試(shi)驗區(qu)、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)高新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)區(qu)、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)綜合治理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)服務區(qu)、國(guo)際環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)合作(zuo)區(qu)、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)高水(shui)平(ping)人才培養教育區(qu)，建(jian)立一(yi)批國(guo)家級環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)高新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)開發區(qu)。

　　實施(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保科(ke)技(ji)(ji)專項。繼續實施(shi)(shi)(shi)水體污染(ran)控制與(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)國家科(ke)技(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)大專項，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)大氣污染(ran)成(cheng)因與(yu)(yu)控制技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、典型脆弱(ruo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)與(yu)(yu)保護(hu)(hu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、煤炭清潔高效利(li)用(yong)和新(xin)型節能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發、農(nong)業面源(yuan)和重(zhong)(zhong)金屬污染(ran)農(nong)田綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發、海洋環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)安全保障等(deng)(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發計劃專項。在(zai)京津冀地區(qu)、長江經濟(ji)帶(dai)、“一帶(dai)一路(lu)”沿線(xian)省(sheng)（區(qu)、市(shi)）等(deng)(deng)(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)域開(kai)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)污染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應用(yong)試點(dian)(dian)示范，提出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)性(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)解決方(fang)案(an)。打(da)造京津冀等(deng)(deng)(deng)區(qu)域環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)提升(sheng)協同創(chuang)新(xin)共同體，實施(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)域環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)提升(sheng)創(chuang)新(xin)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)。創(chuang)新(xin)青藏高原等(deng)(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障帶(dai)保護(hu)(hu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)法與(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)模式，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)測預警(jing)(jing)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線(xian)評(ping)估管理(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道構建等(deng)(deng)(deng)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，建立一批生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)與(yu)(yu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)示范區(qu)。支(zhi)持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、土壤、大氣、溫室氣體等(deng)(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)測預警(jing)(jing)網絡系(xi)(xi)統(tong)及(ji)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發，支(zhi)持(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)突發事故監(jian)(jian)測預警(jing)(jing)及(ji)應急處置技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、遙感監(jian)(jian)測技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、數(shu)據分析與(yu)(yu)服務產(chan)品、高端環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)測儀(yi)器等(deng)(deng)(deng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)發。開(kai)展(zhan)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行業危險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)污染(ran)特(te)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)效應、危險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)溯源(yuan)及(ji)快速識別、全過(guo)程(cheng)風險(xian)防(fang)控、信息化(hua)(hua)管理(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)領域研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，加快建立危險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范體系(xi)(xi)。建立化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)健康風險(xian)評(ping)估方(fang)法、程(cheng)序和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規范體系(xi)(xi)。加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管理(li)決策支(zhi)撐科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，開(kai)展(zhan)多污染(ran)物(wu)(wu)協同控制、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)模擬、污染(ran)源(yuan)解析、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)(hu)規劃、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)損害評(ping)估、網格(ge)化(hua)(hua)管理(li)、綠色(se)國內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)總值核算等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)方(fang)法研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)應用(yong)。

　　完善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)技術(shu)(shu)政策(ce)體(ti)系(xi)。研究制定環(huan)境(jing)基準，修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)土壤環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準，完善(shan)揮發性有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)，嚴格執行(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。加快機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)和(he)(he)非(fei)道路移動(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準、燃(ran)油產品質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準的制修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)和(he)(he)實(shi)施。發布實(shi)施船(chuan)舶(bo)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)排(pai)氣污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)限值及(ji)測量方法（中(zhong)國第(di)一、二階段）、輕型汽(qi)(qi)車(che)和(he)(he)重(zhong)型汽(qi)(qi)車(che)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)限值及(ji)測量方法（中(zhong)國第(di)六(liu)階段）、摩托車(che)和(he)(he)輕便摩托車(che)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)限值及(ji)測量方法（中(zhong)國第(di)四階段）、畜禽養殖(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。修(xiu)(xiu)訂(ding)在用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準，力爭實(shi)施非(fei)道路移動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械國Ⅳ排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。完善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)保護技術(shu)(shu)政策(ce)，建(jian)立(li)(li)生態保護紅線(xian)監管技術(shu)(shu)規范。健(jian)全鋼鐵(tie)、水泥、化工等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點行(xing)業清潔生產評價指標(biao)(biao)體(ti)系(xi)。加快制定完善(shan)電力、冶金、有(you)色金屬(shu)等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點行(xing)業以及(ji)城(cheng)鄉垃圾處理、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)船(chuan)和(he)(he)非(fei)道路移動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治、農業面源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點領域技術(shu)(shu)政策(ce)。建(jian)立(li)(li)危險廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)利用(yong)處置無害化管理標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)技術(shu)(shu)體(ti)系(xi)。

　　第四節　推(tui)動(dong)區(qu)域綠色(se)協調(diao)發展

　　促進四大區域(yu)綠色協調(diao)發展。西部地(di)區要(yao)堅持生(sheng)態(tai)優先，強化生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護，提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)態(tai)安全屏障功(gong)能，建(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)態(tai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供給區，合理(li)開發石油、煤炭、天然氣等(deng)(deng)戰略性資源(yuan)和(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)、農畜產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)特色資源(yuan)。東北(bei)地(di)區要(yao)加(jia)強大小(xiao)興安嶺、長白山等(deng)(deng)森林生(sheng)態(tai)系統保護和(he)(he)北(bei)方防沙帶建(jian)設(she)(she)，強化東北(bei)平(ping)原濕地(di)和(he)(he)農用地(di)土壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護，推(tui)動老工業基地(di)振(zhen)興。中(zhong)部地(di)區要(yao)以資源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)承載能力為基礎，有(you)序承接(jie)產(chan)(chan)業轉移(yi)，推(tui)進鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)、洞庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)濟區和(he)(he)漢江、淮河生(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)濟帶建(jian)設(she)(she)，研(yan)究(jiu)建(jian)設(she)(she)一批流(liu)域(yu)沿岸及(ji)交通(tong)通(tong)道沿線的生(sheng)態(tai)走廊，加(jia)強水環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護和(he)(he)治理(li)。東部地(di)區要(yao)擴(kuo)大生(sheng)態(tai)空間，提(ti)高(gao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)資源(yuan)利用效率，加(jia)快推(tui)動產(chan)(chan)業升(sheng)級(ji)，在生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量改善等(deng)(deng)方面走在前列(lie)。

　　推進“一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路”綠(lv)色(se)(se)化建設。加(jia)強(qiang)中俄、中哈以及中國(guo)(guo)—東盟(meng)、上海合(he)(he)(he)作組(zu)織等(deng)現有多雙邊合(he)(he)(he)作機制(zhi)，積極開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)瀾(lan)滄江—湄公河(he)環(huan)境(jing)合(he)(he)(he)作，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)全方位、多渠道的對(dui)話交流活動，加(jia)強(qiang)與沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)家環(huan)境(jing)官員、學者、青年的交流和合(he)(he)(he)作，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)公益活動，實(shi)施綠(lv)色(se)(se)絲路使(shi)者計劃(hua)(hua)，分享(xiang)中國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)、綠(lv)色(se)(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)(li)念與實(shi)踐(jian)經驗。建立(li)健全綠(lv)色(se)(se)投資(zi)與綠(lv)色(se)(se)貿(mao)易管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度體系，落實(shi)對(dui)外投資(zi)合(he)(he)(he)作環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護指南。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)產業技(ji)術合(he)(he)(he)作園區及示范(fan)(fan)基地建設，推動環(huan)保(bao)(bao)產業走出去(qu)。樹(shu)立(li)中國(guo)(guo)鐵路、電力(li)、汽車(che)、通(tong)信、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源、鋼鐵等(deng)優(you)質產能(neng)(neng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)品牌。推進“一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路”沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)省（區、市）產業結(jie)構(gou)升(sheng)級與創(chuang)新(xin)升(sheng)級，推動綠(lv)色(se)(se)產業鏈延伸(shen)；開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)重點戰略和關鍵項目環(huan)境(jing)評估(gu)，提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)風險防范(fan)(fan)與應對(dui)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。編制(zhi)實(shi)施國(guo)(guo)內“一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路”沿(yan)線(xian)(xian)區域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)規劃(hua)(hua)。

　　推動(dong)京(jing)津冀地區(qu)(qu)協同保(bao)(bao)護。以資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)承(cheng)載能(neng)力為(wei)基礎，優化經濟(ji)發展(zhan)和生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)功能(neng)布(bu)局，擴大環(huan)(huan)境(jing)容量(liang)與生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)空間。加快推動(dong)天津傳統(tong)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業綠色化改(gai)(gai)造(zao)(zao)。促(cu)進河(he)北(bei)有序承(cheng)接北(bei)京(jing)非首(shou)都功能(neng)轉(zhuan)移和京(jing)津科技成果轉(zhuan)化。強化區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)協作(zuo)(zuo)，聯合(he)開展(zhan)大氣、河(he)流(liu)、湖泊等污染治理，加強區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)屏障建設，共建壩上高原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)防護區(qu)(qu)、燕山(shan)—太行山(shan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)涵養區(qu)(qu)，推動(dong)光伏等新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用。創新生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)聯動(dong)管理體制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，構建區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)一體化的生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測網絡、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)信息網絡和生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急預警體系，建立(li)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)協調(diao)機(ji)制(zhi)、水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)一調(diao)配制(zhi)度(du)、跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)聯合(he)監(jian)察執(zhi)法機(ji)制(zhi)，建立(li)健全(quan)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護補償機(ji)制(zhi)和跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)排污權交(jiao)易市場(chang)。到2020年，京(jing)津冀地區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護協作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)有效運行，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)明(ming)顯改(gai)(gai)善。

　　推進長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶共(gong)抓大保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。把(ba)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和修復(fu)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境擺在首要(yao)位置，推進長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)(jian)設，建(jian)(jian)設水(shui)(shui)清地綠天藍的(de)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道。統籌水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源、水(shui)(shui)環境、水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，推動(dong)上(shang)中(zhong)下游(you)協(xie)同發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、東中(zhong)西部互動(dong)合(he)作，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)跨部門、跨區(qu)域監(jian)管與應急協(xie)調聯(lian)(lian)動(dong)，把(ba)實(shi)施重大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修復(fu)工(gong)程作為推動(dong)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經濟帶發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)項(xiang)目的(de)優先選項(xiang)，共(gong)抓大保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，不搞大開(kai)發(fa)。統籌江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河湖泊(bo)(bo)豐富(fu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)要(yao)素，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)以長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)(gan)支流(liu)為經絡(luo)，以山水(shui)(shui)林田(tian)湖為有(you)機(ji)整體，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖關(guan)系和諧(xie)、流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)流(liu)量充足、水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)持有(you)效(xiao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物種(zhong)類多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安全格(ge)局(ju)。上(shang)游(you)區(qu)重點加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)水(shui)(shui)源涵養(yang)、水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)持功能(neng)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，合(he)理(li)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源，嚴控(kong)水(shui)(shui)電開(kai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)影(ying)響；中(zhong)游(you)區(qu)重點協(xie)調江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖關(guan)系，確保(bao)丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)安全；下游(you)區(qu)加快產業轉(zhuan)型升級，重點加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)退化(hua)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系統恢復(fu)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制城鎮周邊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)空間占用(yong)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)河網地區(qu)水(shui)(shui)污染治理(li)。妥善處理(li)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河湖泊(bo)(bo)關(guan)系，實(shi)施長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)及洞庭湖上(shang)游(you)“四水(shui)(shui)”、鄱陽湖上(shang)游(you)“五河”的(de)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)群聯(lian)(lian)合(he)調度(du)，保(bao)障(zhang)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)(gan)支流(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)流(liu)量與兩湖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)水(shui)(shui)位。統籌規劃、集約利用(yong)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)岸線資(zi)源，控(kong)制岸線開(kai)發(fa)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)。強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)跨界水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)斷面(mian)考核(he)，推動(dong)協(xie)同治理(li)。

　　第四章　深化(hua)質量管(guan)理(li)，大(da)力(li)實施三大(da)行動計(ji)劃(hua)

　　以提(ti)(ti)高(gao)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量為核心，推進(jin)聯防(fang)聯控和流域共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)，制(zhi)定大氣、水、土(tu)壤(rang)三大污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)行動計(ji)劃的施工圖(tu)。根(gen)據區域、流域和類型(xing)差異分(fen)區施策(ce)，實施多污(wu)染物協同控制(zhi)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)治(zhi)(zhi)理措施的針對性(xing)和有(you)效性(xing)。實行環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量底線管理，努力實現分(fen)階段(duan)達(da)到環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量標準、治(zhi)(zhi)理責(ze)任清單式落地，解決群眾身邊的突出環(huan)境(jing)問題。

　　第一節　分(fen)區施策改善大氣環境質量

　　實(shi)施(shi)大氣環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)目標(biao)管理和限期(qi)達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)規劃(hua)。各省（區、市(shi)）要對照國家大氣環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準，開(kai)展形勢分析，定(ding)(ding)期(qi)考核并(bing)公(gong)布大氣環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)信息。強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)目標(biao)和任(ren)務的(de)(de)過程管理，深入推進(jin)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、水泥(ni)等(deng)重(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)行業過剩產能退出(chu)，大力(li)推進(jin)清潔能源使用，推進(jin)機動(dong)車和油品標(biao)準升級(ji)，加強(qiang)(qiang)油品等(deng)能源產品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)監管，加強(qiang)(qiang)移動(dong)源污(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理，加大城市(shi)揚塵和小(xiao)微企業分散(san)源、生活源污(wu)染(ran)整治(zhi)力(li)度(du)(du)(du)。深入實(shi)施(shi)《大氣污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)行動(dong)計劃(hua)》，大幅削減二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)硫、氮氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物(wu)和顆(ke)(ke)粒物(wu)的(de)(de)排放(fang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，全面啟動(dong)揮發性有機物(wu)污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)，開(kai)展大氣氨排放(fang)控制試點，實(shi)現全國地級(ji)及以上(shang)城市(shi)二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)硫、一氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)全部達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)，細顆(ke)(ke)粒物(wu)、可吸入顆(ke)(ke)粒物(wu)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)明顯(xian)下(xia)降，二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氮濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)繼續下(xia)降，臭氧(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)持穩定(ding)(ding)、力(li)爭改善(shan)。實(shi)施(shi)城市(shi)大氣環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)目標(biao)管理，已經達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)的(de)(de)城市(shi)，應(ying)當加強(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)護并(bing)持續改善(shan)；未達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)的(de)(de)城市(shi)，應(ying)確定(ding)(ding)達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)期(qi)限，向社會公(gong)布，并(bing)制定(ding)(ding)實(shi)施(shi)限期(qi)達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)規劃(hua)，明確達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)時間表、路線(xian)圖(tu)和重(zhong)點任(ren)務。

　　加強(qiang)重污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)。強(qiang)化各級空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質量預(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)中心運行管理，提高(gao)預(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)準確性，及時發布空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質量預(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)信息(xi)，實(shi)現預(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)信息(xi)全國(guo)共享、聯(lian)網(wang)發布。完善重度(du)及以(yi)上污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)的(de)區域聯(lian)合預(yu)(yu)警機制，加強(qiang)東北、西北、成渝和華中區域大氣(qi)環境質量預(yu)(yu)測預(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)能力。健(jian)全應(ying)(ying)急(ji)預(yu)(yu)案體系，制定(ding)重污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)預(yu)(yu)案實(shi)施情況評(ping)估技術規程，加強(qiang)對(dui)預(yu)(yu)案實(shi)施情況的(de)檢查和評(ping)估。各省（區、市）和地級及以(yi)上城市及時修編(bian)重污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)預(yu)(yu)案，開展重污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)成因分析和污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)來源解析，科學制定(ding)針對(dui)性減(jian)排措(cuo)(cuo)施，每(mei)年更新應(ying)(ying)急(ji)減(jian)排措(cuo)(cuo)施項目清單。及時啟動應(ying)(ying)急(ji)響應(ying)(ying)措(cuo)(cuo)施，提高(gao)重污染(ran)(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)的(de)有效性。強(qiang)化監(jian)管和督察，對(dui)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)不(bu)及時、措(cuo)(cuo)施不(bu)力的(de)地方政府，視情況予以(yi)約談、通報(bao)(bao)、掛(gua)牌(pai)督辦。

　　深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區域(yu)(yu)大氣(qi)污染(ran)聯(lian)防聯(lian)控(kong)。全面深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)京(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀及周邊地區、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)區域(yu)(yu)大氣(qi)污染(ran)聯(lian)防聯(lian)控(kong)，建(jian)立常態(tai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區域(yu)(yu)協作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)統(tong)一規劃(hua)、統(tong)一標準、統(tong)一監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)、統(tong)一防治。對重(zhong)(zhong)點行業(ye)、領域(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)定實(shi)施(shi)統(tong)一的環保(bao)(bao)標準、排(pai)(pai)(pai)污收費(fei)(fei)(fei)政(zheng)策、能源(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)政(zheng)策，統(tong)一老舊(jiu)(jiu)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)淘汰和(he)(he)在(zai)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)標準。重(zhong)(zhong)點區域(yu)(yu)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)量(liang)，京(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀及山東、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)區域(yu)(yu)，以及空氣(qi)質量(liang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)名(ming)較(jiao)差的前(qian)10位(wei)城市(shi)中受燃煤(mei)(mei)影響較(jiao)大的城市(shi)要(yao)實(shi)現煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)消費(fei)(fei)(fei)負增長(chang)(chang)。通過市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方式促進老舊(jiu)(jiu)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)、船(chuan)舶(bo)加(jia)速淘汰以及防污設(she)施(shi)設(she)備改造，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)新(xin)生產機(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)、非(fei)道(dao)路(lu)移動機(ji)械環保(bao)(bao)達(da)標監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。開(kai)(kai)展清潔柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)行動，加(jia)強(qiang)高(gao)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)工程機(ji)械、重(zhong)(zhong)型柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)車(che)(che)(che)、農(nong)業(ye)機(ji)械等(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，重(zhong)(zhong)點區域(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)展柴油(you)(you)(you)(you)車(che)(che)(che)注冊(ce)登記環保(bao)(bao)查驗，對貨運車(che)(che)(che)、客運車(che)(che)(che)、公(gong)交車(che)(che)(che)等(deng)開(kai)(kai)展入戶環保(bao)(bao)檢查。提高(gao)公(gong)共車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)中新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)占比，具備條(tiao)件的城市(shi)在(zai)2017年底(di)前(qian)基本實(shi)現公(gong)交新(xin)能源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。落(luo)實(shi)珠(zhu)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、環渤海京(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀水域(yu)(yu)船(chuan)舶(bo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)區管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)政(zheng)策，靠港船(chuan)舶(bo)優先使用(yong)岸電(dian)，建(jian)設(she)船(chuan)舶(bo)大氣(qi)污染(ran)物排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)遙感監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)品質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)網點，開(kai)(kai)展船(chuan)舶(bo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)區內(nei)船(chuan)舶(bo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)聯(lian)合監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，構建(jian)機(ji)動車(che)(che)(che)船(chuan)和(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)品環保(bao)(bao)達(da)標監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體系。加(jia)快非(fei)道(dao)路(lu)移動源(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)品升級。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)城市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)、施(shi)工等(deng)揚(yang)塵監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)城市(shi)綜合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。

　　顯著(zhu)削減(jian)京(jing)津冀及周邊地區顆粒物濃度。以(yi)北京(jing)市、保(bao)定市、廊坊市為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，突出(chu)抓好(hao)冬季散(san)煤(mei)治(zhi)理、重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)綜合治(zhi)理、機(ji)(ji)動(dong)車監管、重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)染天(tian)氣應對，強化(hua)高架源的治(zhi)理和監管，改善區域(yu)空(kong)氣質量。提高接受(shou)外輸電(dian)比例，增加非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源供應，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)城市實施天(tian)然(ran)氣替(ti)代(dai)煤(mei)炭工程，推進電(dian)力替(ti)代(dai)煤(mei)炭，大幅減(jian)少冬季散(san)煤(mei)使用(yong)量，“十(shi)三五”期間，北京(jing)、天(tian)津、河北、山東、河南五省（市）煤(mei)炭消費總量下降(jiang)10%左右。加快(kuai)區域(yu)內機(ji)(ji)動(dong)車排污(wu)監控平臺建(jian)設，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)治(zhi)理重(zhong)(zhong)型柴油車和高排放車輛(liang)。到(dao)2020年，區域(yu)細顆粒物污(wu)染形勢顯著(zhu)好(hao)轉，臭氧濃度基本穩定。

　　明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低長三(san)(san)角區域(yu)細顆(ke)粒物(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)。加快產(chan)業(ye)結構調(diao)整，依(yi)法淘(tao)汰能耗、環保等(deng)(deng)不達標的產(chan)能。“十三(san)(san)五(wu)”期(qi)間，上海、江蘇、浙江、安(an)徽四省（市）煤炭消(xiao)費總量下(xia)降(jiang)5%左右，地級(ji)及以上城(cheng)市建成區基本淘(tao)汰35蒸噸以下(xia)燃(ran)煤鍋爐。全面推進煉(lian)油、石化、工業(ye)涂裝、印刷(shua)等(deng)(deng)行業(ye)揮發性有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)綜合(he)整治。到2020年，長三(san)(san)角區域(yu)細顆(ke)粒物(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)顯(xian)著下(xia)降(jiang)，臭氧濃度(du)基本穩定。

　　大力推動珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)率(lv)先實(shi)現大氣環境(jing)質量基本(ben)達標。統(tong)籌做好細顆粒物(wu)和臭(chou)氧污染(ran)防控(kong)(kong)，重點抓好揮發性有機物(wu)和氮氧化(hua)物(wu)協(xie)同控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。加(jia)快(kuai)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)內產(chan)業(ye)轉型(xing)升級，調整(zheng)和優(you)化(hua)能(neng)源結構，工業(ye)園區與產(chan)業(ye)聚集(ji)(ji)區實(shi)施集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)熱，有條件的發展大型(xing)燃氣供(gong)(gong)熱鍋爐，“十三(san)(san)五”期間(jian)，珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)煤炭消費總量下降(jiang)10%左右。重點推進石化(hua)、化(hua)工、油品儲運銷(xiao)、汽車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、船舶制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)（維修）、集(ji)(ji)裝箱制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、印(yin)刷(shua)、家具制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞋等行業(ye)開展揮發性有機物(wu)綜合整(zheng)治。到2020年，實(shi)現珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)大氣環境(jing)質量基本(ben)達標，基本(ben)消除重度及(ji)以(yi)上污染(ran)天氣。

　　第二節　精準發力提升水環境質量

　　實施(shi)以(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)(de)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量目(mu)標管(guan)理。依據主(zhu)體功能區規劃(hua)和行政區劃(hua)，劃(hua)定陸域(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，建立流(liu)(liu)域(yu)、水(shui)生(sheng)態控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制區、水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三(san)級(ji)分區體系。實施(shi)以(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)空間基礎、以(yi)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)管(guan)理目(mu)標、以(yi)排(pai)污(wu)許(xu)可制為(wei)(wei)核心的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量目(mu)標管(guan)理。優化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)監(jian)測網絡，建立控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產排(pai)污(wu)與(yu)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)質(zhi)響(xiang)應反饋(kui)機制，明確(que)劃(hua)分控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量責任，從(cong)嚴(yan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放量。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)推行“河(he)長制”。在黃(huang)河(he)、淮河(he)等(deng)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)進(jin)行試(shi)點(dian)，分期(qi)分批科(ke)學確(que)定生(sheng)態流(liu)(liu)量（水(shui)位），作為(wei)(wei)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)水(shui)量調(diao)度(du)的(de)(de)重要參(can)考。深(shen)入實施(shi)《水(shui)污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)行動(dong)計劃(hua)》，落實控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)責任，完(wan)成目(mu)標任務。固(gu)定污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)排(pai)放為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，要確(que)定區域(yu)、流(liu)(liu)域(yu)重點(dian)水(shui)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)和主(zhu)要超標污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制目(mu)標，實施(shi)基于改善水(shui)質(zhi)要求的(de)(de)排(pai)污(wu)許(xu)可，將(jiang)治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)任務逐一落實到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)(de)各排(pai)污(wu)單(dan)(dan)位（含污(wu)水(shui)處理廠(chang)、設有(you)排(pai)放口的(de)(de)規模化(hua)(hua)畜禽養殖單(dan)(dan)位）。面(mian)(mian)(mian)源(yuan)（分散源(yuan)）污(wu)染(ran)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)或嚴(yan)重缺水(shui)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，要采用政策激勵、加強(qiang)監(jian)管(guan)以(yi)及確(que)保生(sheng)態基流(liu)(liu)等(deng)措施(shi)改善水(shui)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。自2017年起，各省(sheng)份要定期(qi)向社會公開(kai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量目(mu)標管(guan)理情況。

專欄2　各流域需要(yao)改(gai)善的(de)控制單元(yuan)

　　（一）長江流(liu)域（108個）。

　　雙橋(qiao)河合肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)40個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；烏(wu)江重(zhong)慶市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)7個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；來河滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)9個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；京山(shan)河荊(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)2個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；沱江內江市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)4個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；十五里河合肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)24個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)；滇池(chi)外海(hai)昆明市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化學需氧量濃(nong)度(du)(du)下降(jiang)；南(nan)淝(fei)河合肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)3個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨氮(dan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)下降(jiang)；竹皮河荊(jing)門(men)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)4個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨氮(dan)、總(zong)磷(lin)濃(nong)度(du)(du)下降(jiang)；岷(min)江宜(yi)賓市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)(deng)14個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)磷(lin)濃(nong)度(du)(du)下降(jiang)。

　　（二）海河流域（75個(ge)）。

　　洋河張家(jia)口(kou)市(shi)八號橋控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)；媯(gui)水河下(xia)段(duan)北(bei)京市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)；潮白河通州(zhou)區控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)26個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)；宣惠河滄州(zhou)市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)化(hua)學需氧(yang)量(liang)濃度下(xia)降(jiang)；通惠河下(xia)段(duan)北(bei)京市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)26個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)氨氮(dan)濃度下(xia)降(jiang)；共產主義渠新鄉市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)氨氮(dan)、總(zong)磷濃度下(xia)降(jiang)；海(hai)河天(tian)津市(shi)海(hai)河大(da)閘控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)化(hua)學需氧(yang)量(liang)、氨氮(dan)濃度下(xia)降(jiang)；潮白新河天(tian)津市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)總(zong)磷濃度下(xia)降(jiang)。

　　（三）淮河(he)流(liu)域(yu)（49個）。

　　谷河阜(fu)陽市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等17個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；東(dong)魚河菏澤市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；新濉河宿遷市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等9個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；洙(zhu)趙(zhao)新河菏澤市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；運料(liao)河徐州市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；渦(wo)河亳州市(shi)(shi)岳坊大橋控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等16個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；包河商丘市(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等4個單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨氮濃(nong)度下降。

　　（四）黃河(he)流域（35個）。

　　伊洛(luo)河(he)洛(luo)陽市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等14個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；葫(hu)蘆河(he)固原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等4個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；嵐(lan)河(he)呂梁(liang)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；大黑河(he)烏蘭察布(bu)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等8個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)；昆都(dou)侖(lun)河(he)包頭市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等8個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)氨氮濃(nong)度下降。

　　（五）松花江流域(yu)（12個）。

　　小興凱湖雞西(xi)市(shi)(shi)控制單(dan)元(yuan)等9個單(dan)元(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)；阿什河哈爾濱市(shi)(shi)控制單(dan)元(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)；呼(hu)倫(lun)湖呼(hu)倫(lun)貝爾市(shi)(shi)控制單(dan)元(yuan)化學需氧量濃(nong)度下(xia)降(jiang)；飲(yin)馬河長春市(shi)(shi)靠山南樓控制單(dan)元(yuan)氨氮濃(nong)度下(xia)降(jiang)。

　　（六）遼河流(liu)域(yu)（13個）。

　　寇(kou)河鐵(tie)嶺市控(kong)制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等6個(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；遼河沈陽市巨流河大(da)橋控(kong)制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等3個(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；亮(liang)子河鐵(tie)嶺市控(kong)制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等2個(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)由(you)(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)；渾河撫順市控(kong)制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)總(zong)磷濃度下降(jiang)；條子河四平市控(kong)制單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)氨氮濃度下降(jiang)。

　　（七）珠(zhu)江流域（17個）。

　　九洲江(jiang)(jiang)湛江(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)排里控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；潭江(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)門市(shi)(shi)(shi)牛灣控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；鑒江(jiang)(jiang)茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)口門控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；東莞運河東莞市(shi)(shi)(shi)樟村控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；小東江(jiang)(jiang)茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)碧控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；深圳河深圳市(shi)(shi)(shi)河口控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)5個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；杞麓(lu)湖(hu)玉溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化學需氧量濃度下降(jiang)；星(xing)云湖(hu)玉溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總磷濃度下降(jiang)。

　　（八）浙閩片河流（25個(ge)）。

　　浦陽(yang)江杭州市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)13個單元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類升為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類；汀溪廈門市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)3個單元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類升為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類；南溪漳州市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)5個單元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類升為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類；金(jin)清港臺州市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個單元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類升為(wei)(wei)Ⅴ類。

　　（九）西北諸(zhu)河（3個）。

　　博斯騰湖(hu)巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(zhou)控(kong)制單元(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類升(sheng)為Ⅲ類；北大河酒泉(quan)市控(kong)制單元(yuan)由(you)(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類升(sheng)為Ⅲ類；克孜河喀什(shen)地(di)區控(kong)制單元(yuan)由(you)(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類升(sheng)為Ⅴ類。

　　（十）西南諸(zhu)河（6個）。

　　黑惠江大理(li)白族自(zi)治州控制單(dan)(dan)元等4個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元由Ⅳ類升為Ⅲ類；異龍湖紅河(he)哈(ha)尼族彝族自(zi)治州控制單(dan)(dan)元化學需氧量濃(nong)度下降；西洱河(he)大理(li)白族自(zi)治州控制單(dan)(dan)元氨氮濃(nong)度下降。

　　實(shi)施(shi)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)污(wu)(wu)染綜(zong)合治理。實(shi)施(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染防治規劃。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)上下游各級(ji)政府、各部門之間加(jia)強(qiang)協調配合、定期會商，實(shi)施(shi)聯合監測、聯合執法、應(ying)急聯動、信息共(gong)享。長江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)保護(hu)，加(jia)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保護(hu)力度(du)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上交通、船舶港(gang)口污(wu)(wu)染防治。實(shi)施(shi)岷江(jiang)、沱江(jiang)、烏(wu)江(jiang)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江(jiang)、長江(jiang)干流(liu)(liu)宜昌段總磷(lin)(lin)(lin)污(wu)(wu)染綜(zong)合治理，有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)貴州、四(si)川、湖北、云南等(deng)總磷(lin)(lin)(lin)污(wu)(wu)染。太(tai)湖堅持綜(zong)合治理，增強(qiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)功(gong)能，防范(fan)藍(lan)藻暴(bao)發，確保飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)；巢湖加(jia)強(qiang)氮、磷(lin)(lin)(lin)總量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)入(ru)湖河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)湖濱生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能；滇池加(jia)強(qiang)氮、磷(lin)(lin)(lin)總量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)防控(kong)(kong)城市(shi)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和農業(ye)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)染入(ru)湖，分(fen)區分(fen)步(bu)開展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)，逐步(bu)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。海河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)突出節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利用，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跨界水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)治理，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)整(zheng)治城鄉黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)，保障白洋淀、衡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖、永定河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)需水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)幅降(jiang)低(di)(di)造(zao)紙、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)肥、釀造(zao)等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)(pai)放(fang)強(qiang)度(du)，有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)氨氮污(wu)(wu)染，持續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)洪河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、渦河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、潁(ying)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、惠濟河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、包河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，切實(shi)防控(kong)(kong)突發污(wu)(wu)染事(shi)件。黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)煤化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)、石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)企業(ye)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)，持續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)汾河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、總排(pai)(pai)干、大(da)黑河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、烏(wu)梁素海、湟水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，降(jiang)低(di)(di)中上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)風(feng)險。松(song)花江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)持續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)阿什河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、伊通河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)解決石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、釀造(zao)、制(zhi)藥、造(zao)紙等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)污(wu)(wu)染問題，加(jia)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)力度(du)，進一步(bu)增加(jia)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)魚類種(zhong)群數(shu)量(liang)，加(jia)快恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)(fu)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。遼河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)幅降(jiang)低(di)(di)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、造(zao)紙、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)、農副食品加(jia)工(gong)等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)(pai)放(fang)強(qiang)度(du)，持續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)渾河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、太(tai)子河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、條子河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、招(zhao)蘇臺河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，顯著恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，全(quan)面(mian)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)(fu)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。珠江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)建立健全(quan)廣東(dong)、廣西、云南等(deng)聯合治污(wu)(wu)防控(kong)(kong)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保障東(dong)江(jiang)、西江(jiang)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)安全(quan)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)珠江(jiang)三角洲地區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)。

　　優先保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)良好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)。實(shi)施從水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)到水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭(tou)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程監管，持續(xu)提升飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。地(di)方各(ge)(ge)級(ji)人民政府及供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位應定(ding)期(qi)監測、檢測和評(ping)估本行政區域(yu)內飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)、供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用戶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)等(deng)(deng)飲(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況。地(di)級(ji)及以上(shang)城(cheng)市每季(ji)度(du)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)會公開(kai)飲(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況信息，縣級(ji)及以上(shang)城(cheng)市自2018年(nian)起每季(ji)度(du)向(xiang)(xiang)社(she)會公開(kai)。開(kai)展飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)規范化建設，依法清理飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內違法建筑和排(pai)污口。加強農村飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)，實(shi)施農村飲(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)鞏固提升工程。各(ge)(ge)省（區、市）應于(yu)(yu)(yu)2017年(nian)底前(qian)，基本完(wan)成鄉鎮及以上(shang)集中(zhong)式(shi)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區劃定(ding)，開(kai)展定(ding)期(qi)監測和調查評(ping)估。到2020年(nian)，地(di)級(ji)及以上(shang)城(cheng)市集中(zhong)式(shi)飲(yin)(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到或優于(yu)(yu)(yu)Ⅲ類(lei)比(bi)例高于(yu)(yu)(yu)93%。對江河(he)源(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)及現狀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到或優于(yu)(yu)(yu)Ⅲ類(lei)的江河(he)湖庫(ku)開(kai)展生態(tai)環境安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)估，制定(ding)實(shi)施生態(tai)環境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)方案(an)，東江、灤河(he)、千島湖、南四湖等(deng)(deng)流域(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2017年(nian)底前(qian)完(wan)成。七大重點流域(yu)制定(ding)實(shi)施水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生生物多樣性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)方案(an)。

　　推進地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)綜合防(fang)治。定期調查評(ping)估集中式地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)型飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源補(bu)給區和污(wu)染(ran)源周邊(bian)區域環境狀況。加強重點工業(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境監管(guan)，采取(qu)防(fang)控(kong)措施有效降低地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)風(feng)險。公布(bu)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)清單，管(guan)控(kong)風(feng)險，開展(zhan)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)修復試點。到2020年(nian)，全國地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)加劇趨勢得到初步(bu)遏制(zhi)，質量極(ji)差(cha)的地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)例控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)15%左右。

　　大(da)力(li)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。建(jian)立地(di)級及(ji)以上城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等污(wu)染嚴重水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)清(qing)單，制(zhi)(zhi)定整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案，細化分階段目標(biao)和(he)任務安排，向社(she)會公布年(nian)(nian)度治(zhi)(zhi)理進展和(he)水(shui)質改善情況。建(jian)立全國城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)監管(guan)平臺，公布全國黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)清(qing)單，接受公眾評議。各城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)當地(di)主流媒體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)公布黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)清(qing)單、整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)達標(biao)期限、責任人、整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)進展及(ji)效果；建(jian)立長效機制(zhi)(zhi)，開展水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)日(ri)常維護與監管(guan)工(gong)作。2017年(nian)(nian)底前，直轄市(shi)(shi)(shi)、省會城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、計劃單列市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)基本消(xiao)除(chu)黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，其他地(di)級城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)實現河面無大(da)面積漂浮物、河岸(an)無垃圾、無違法(fa)排污(wu)口；到2020年(nian)(nian)，地(di)級及(ji)以上城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)比例均控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)10%以內，其他城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)爭大(da)幅(fu)度消(xiao)除(chu)重度黑臭(chou)(chou)水(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。

　　改善河(he)(he)口(kou)和(he)近岸(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域生態環境質(zhi)量(liang)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)施近岸(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域污(wu)染防(fang)治方案，加大(da)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)、東(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)等(deng)近岸(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域污(wu)染治理(li)(li)(li)(li)力度。強(qiang)化直排海(hai)(hai)(hai)污(wu)染源和(he)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)工(gong)業園區(qu)(qu)監(jian)管，防(fang)控(kong)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu)(qu)陸源溢油污(wu)染海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋。開展(zhan)國際航(hang)行船舶壓載水及污(wu)染物(wu)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)。規(gui)范入海(hai)(hai)(hai)排污(wu)口(kou)設(she)置，2017年底前，全面清理(li)(li)(li)(li)非法(fa)或設(she)置不(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)排污(wu)口(kou)。到(dao)2020年，沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)（區(qu)(qu)、市）入海(hai)(hai)(hai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)基本消除劣V類的(de)水體(ti)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)施藍色海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣綜合(he)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)，重(zhong)點整(zheng)治黃(huang)河(he)(he)口(kou)、長江(jiang)口(kou)、閩江(jiang)口(kou)、珠江(jiang)口(kou)、遼東(dong)灣、渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣、膠州灣、杭州灣、北部(bu)灣等(deng)河(he)(he)口(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣污(wu)染。嚴(yan)格禁漁休漁措施。控(kong)制(zhi)近海(hai)(hai)(hai)養殖密度，推進生態健康養殖，大(da)力開展(zhan)水生生物(wu)增殖放流(liu)(liu)，加強(qiang)人(ren)工(gong)魚礁(jiao)(jiao)和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋牧場建(jian)設(she)。加強(qiang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)帶生態保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)與修復，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施“南(nan)紅北柳”濕(shi)地修復工(gong)程(cheng)，嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)生態敏感地區(qu)(qu)圍填海(hai)(hai)(hai)活動。到(dao)2020年，全國自(zi)然岸(an)線（不(bu)包括海(hai)(hai)(hai)島岸(an)線）保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)有(you)率不(bu)低于(yu)35%，整(zheng)治修復海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)線1000公里。建(jian)設(she)一批(pi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋特(te)別保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和(he)水產種質(zhi)資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施生態島礁(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)程(cheng)，加強(qiang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋珍稀物(wu)種保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

　　第三節　分(fen)類防治土壤環(huan)境污染

　　推進基(ji)礎調查和(he)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網絡(luo)建設(she)。全(quan)面實(shi)施《土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)污染(ran)防(fang)治行動計劃(hua)》，以農用(yong)地和(he)重點(dian)(dian)行業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)地為重點(dian)(dian)，開(kai)展土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)污染(ran)狀況詳(xiang)查，2018年底前查明農用(yong)地土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)污染(ran)的(de)面積、分(fen)布及(ji)其對農產品質量(liang)的(de)影響，2020年底前掌握重點(dian)(dian)行業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)地中的(de)污染(ran)地塊分(fen)布及(ji)其環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風(feng)(feng)險情況。開(kai)展電子廢物拆(chai)解、廢舊(jiu)塑(su)料回收、非正規垃圾填埋場、歷史(shi)遺留尾礦庫等土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題集中區域風(feng)(feng)險排查，建立風(feng)(feng)險管控名(ming)錄。統一(yi)規劃(hua)、整(zheng)合優化土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)位(wei)。充分(fen)發揮行業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網作用(yong)，支(zhi)持各(ge)地因地制宜補充增加設(she)置監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)位(wei)，增加特征(zheng)污染(ran)物監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)項目，提高(gao)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)頻(pin)次(ci)。2017年底前，完成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)國控監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)位(wei)設(she)置，建成(cheng)國家土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網絡(luo)，基(ji)本(ben)形成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)能力；到2020年，實(shi)現土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(dian)位(wei)所有縣(xian)（市(shi)、區）全(quan)覆(fu)蓋。

　　實(shi)施農用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤環境分類管理。按污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)程度將農用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)劃(hua)為(wei)三個類別，未污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)和(he)輕微污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)劃(hua)為(wei)優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護類，輕度和(he)中度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)劃(hua)為(wei)安全利用(yong)(yong)類，重(zhong)度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)劃(hua)為(wei)嚴格管控類，分別采取相(xiang)應(ying)管理措(cuo)施。各省級人民政府(fu)要對本行(xing)(xing)政區域內優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護類耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)減少(shao)或(huo)土壤環境質量下降(jiang)的(de)(de)縣（市、區）進行(xing)(xing)預警(jing)提醒并(bing)依法采取環評限批等限制性措(cuo)施。將符合(he)條件(jian)的(de)(de)優(you)先(xian)保(bao)護類耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)劃(hua)為(wei)永久基本農田(tian)，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)嚴格保(bao)護，確保(bao)其面積(ji)不減少(shao)、土壤環境質量不下降(jiang)。根據土壤污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)狀況和(he)農產(chan)品超標情況，安全利用(yong)(yong)類耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)集中的(de)(de)縣（市、區）要結(jie)合(he)當地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)要作物(wu)品種和(he)種植(zhi)(zhi)習慣，制定實(shi)施受污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)安全利用(yong)(yong)方案，采取農藝調控、替代種植(zhi)(zhi)等措(cuo)施，降(jiang)低農產(chan)品超標風險。加強對嚴格管控類耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途管理，依法劃(hua)定特(te)定農產(chan)品禁止生產(chan)區域，嚴禁種植(zhi)(zhi)食用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)品，繼續在湖南長株潭地(di)(di)(di)區開展重(zhong)金屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)修復及農作物(wu)種植(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)調整試點。到2020年，重(zhong)度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)種植(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)調整或(huo)退(tui)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)還林還草面積(ji)力爭達到2000萬(wan)畝(mu)。

　　加強(qiang)建設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)風險管(guan)(guan)(guan)控。建立建設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)強(qiang)制調(diao)查(cha)評估(gu)制度(du)。構建土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)狀況、污(wu)染地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊修復與(yu)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)再(zai)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)協同一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理與(yu)政策體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。自2017年起，對擬收回(hui)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權的(de)(de)有色金屬冶煉(lian)、石油加工(gong)、化(hua)工(gong)、焦化(hua)、電(dian)鍍、制革等行(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)及(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)擬變(bian)更(geng)為居住和(he)商(shang)業(ye)、學(xue)校、醫療、養老機構等公共設(she)施的(de)(de)上述企業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，由土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權人負責開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀況調(diao)查(cha)評估(gu)；已經收回(hui)的(de)(de)，由所在地(di)(di)(di)(di)市(shi)、縣級(ji)人民政府負責開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)調(diao)查(cha)評估(gu)。將建設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理要求納入城市(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)和(he)供(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理，土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)必須符合(he)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)要求。暫不開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或現階段不具(ju)備治理修復條件(jian)的(de)(de)污(wu)染地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊，由所在地(di)(di)(di)(di)縣級(ji)人民政府組織(zhi)劃(hua)定管(guan)(guan)(guan)控區域，設(she)立標(biao)志，發(fa)布公告，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)表水、地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水、空氣環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監測。

　　開展土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)。針對典型(xing)受污(wu)染(ran)(ran)農用地(di)(di)(di)、污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊，分批實施(shi)(shi)200個(ge)土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技術應用試點項(xiang)目，加(jia)快建立健全(quan)技術體(ti)系。自2017年起，各地(di)(di)(di)要逐步建立污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊名錄及(ji)其開發(fa)利用的負面清(qing)單(dan)，合理(li)確(que)定土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)用途。京津(jin)冀、長(chang)三(san)角(jiao)、珠三(san)角(jiao)、東北(bei)老工業基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)區城市(shi)和(he)礦產資源枯(ku)竭型(xing)城市(shi)等(deng)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊集中(zhong)分布的城市(shi)，要規范(fan)、有(you)序開展再(zai)開發(fa)利用污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)。長(chang)江(jiang)中(zhong)下游、成都(dou)平原、珠江(jiang)流域等(deng)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)集中(zhong)分布的省（區、市(shi)），應于2018年底(di)前(qian)編制(zhi)(zhi)實施(shi)(shi)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)案。2017年底(di)前(qian)，發(fa)布土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)任方(fang)(fang)終身責(ze)(ze)任追究(jiu)辦法。建立土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)監管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，嚴格修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)案審查(cha)，加(jia)強修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)監督和(he)檢查(cha)，開展修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)成效第三(san)方(fang)(fang)評估。

　　強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)。京津冀區(qu)(qu)域(yu)以(yi)城市“退二(er)進三(san)”遺(yi)留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，嚴(yan)格管(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)建設用地(di)(di)(di)(di)開發(fa)利(li)(li)用土壤環境(jing)風險(xian)，加(jia)大(da)污(wu)(wu)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)、設施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業集中區(qu)(qu)域(yu)土壤環境(jing)監測和(he)監管(guan)(guan)。東北地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)加(jia)大(da)黑(hei)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)力度，采(cai)取(qu)秸稈還田(tian)、增施(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)、輪作休耕(geng)(geng)等措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)實施(shi)(shi)綜(zong)合治(zhi)(zhi)理。珠江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)化(hua)工、電鍍(du)、印染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)等重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)行業企業遺(yi)留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)開發(fa)利(li)(li)用環境(jing)監管(guan)(guan)。湘江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)鎘、砷等重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，對污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)采(cai)取(qu)農(nong)(nong)藝調控(kong)(kong)、種植結構調整、退耕(geng)(geng)還林(lin)還草等措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，嚴(yan)格控(kong)(kong)制農(nong)(nong)產品超標風險(xian)。西南地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)有色金屬(shu)、磷礦等礦產資源開發(fa)過(guo)程導致的(de)環境(jing)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)風險(xian)防控(kong)(kong)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)磷、汞(gong)、鉛等歷(li)史遺(yi)留土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)理。在浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)臺州、湖(hu)北黃石、湖(hu)南常德、廣(guang)東韶關、廣(guang)西河池、貴州銅仁等6個地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)啟(qi)動土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)綜(zong)合防治(zhi)(zhi)先行區(qu)(qu)建設。

　　第五章　實施專(zhuan)項(xiang)治理，全面推進達標(biao)排放(fang)與污(wu)染減排

　　以(yi)(yi)污染源達標排(pai)放為底線，以(yi)(yi)骨干性工程(cheng)推進為抓手，改革完善總量控制制度，推動行業多(duo)污染物協同治污減(jian)排(pai)，加強城鄉統(tong)籌治理，嚴格控制增量，大(da)幅度削減(jian)污染物存(cun)量，降(jiang)低生態環(huan)境(jing)壓力。

　　第一節　實(shi)施工業污染源(yuan)全面達標(biao)排放計劃

　　工業(ye)(ye)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源全(quan)面開(kai)展自(zi)行監(jian)測和(he)信(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)。工業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)建立環境管理臺(tai)賬制(zhi)度(du)，開(kai)展自(zi)行監(jian)測，如(ru)實(shi)申(shen)報(bao)，屬于重(zhong)點排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)單位(wei)的還要(yao)依法履行信(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)義務。實(shi)施排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)規(gui)范化整治(zhi)，2018年底前，工業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)要(yao)進(jin)一步規(gui)范排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)設置，編(bian)制(zhi)年度(du)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)狀況報(bao)告。排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)面實(shi)行在線監(jian)測，地方各(ge)級(ji)人民政府要(yao)完(wan)善(shan)重(zhong)點排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)單位(wei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物超標(biao)排(pai)放(fang)和(he)異(yi)常報(bao)警機(ji)制(zhi)，逐步實(shi)現(xian)工業(ye)(ye)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源排(pai)放(fang)監(jian)測數據統(tong)一采集、公(gong)開(kai)發布，不斷加強(qiang)社會監(jian)督(du)，對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)守法承(cheng)諾履行情況進(jin)行監(jian)督(du)檢查。2019年底前，建立全(quan)國工業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)環境監(jian)管信(xin)息(xi)平臺(tai)。

　　排查(cha)并(bing)公(gong)布未達標工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)源名(ming)單(dan)。各地(di)(di)要加(jia)強(qiang)對工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)源的(de)監(jian)督檢(jian)查(cha)，全面(mian)推進“雙(shuang)隨(sui)機”抽查(cha)制度(du)(du)，實施環境(jing)信(xin)用(yong)顏色評價，鼓勵探索(suo)實施企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)超(chao)標排放(fang)計(ji)分量化(hua)管理。對污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)超(chao)標或(huo)者重(zhong)點污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)超(chao)總量的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)予(yu)(yu)以“黃牌(pai)(pai)”警(jing)示(shi)，限制生產或(huo)停(ting)(ting)產整治；對整治后(hou)仍不(bu)能達到(dao)要求且情節嚴重(zhong)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)予(yu)(yu)以“紅(hong)(hong)牌(pai)(pai)”處罰，限期停(ting)(ting)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、關閉。自2017年(nian)(nian)起(qi)，地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)各級人民政(zheng)府(fu)要制定本(ben)行政(zheng)區域工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)污染(ran)(ran)源全面(mian)達標排放(fang)計(ji)劃，確(que)定年(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)工(gong)作目標，每季度(du)(du)向社會(hui)公(gong)布“黃牌(pai)(pai)”、“紅(hong)(hong)牌(pai)(pai)”企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)名(ming)單(dan)。環境(jing)保護部將加(jia)大抽查(cha)核查(cha)力(li)度(du)(du)，對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)超(chao)標現(xian)象普(pu)遍(bian)、超(chao)標企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)地(di)(di)區的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)進行通報、掛牌(pai)(pai)督辦。

　　實施重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)達(da)標排放限期(qi)改(gai)造。建立分(fen)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理實用技(ji)術(shu)公開遴選與推廣應用機(ji)制(zhi)，發布重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理技(ji)術(shu)。分(fen)流域(yu)分(fen)區域(yu)制(zhi)定實施重(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)限期(qi)整治(zhi)方案，升級改(gai)造環(huan)保(bao)設施，加大檢查核查力度，確保(bao)穩定達(da)標。以鋼鐵、水泥、石化、有色(se)金屬、玻璃、燃煤鍋(guo)爐、造紙、印染(ran)、化工、焦化、氮(dan)肥、農副食品加工、原料藥制(zhi)造、制(zhi)革(ge)、農藥、電(dian)鍍等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)為重(zhong)點(dian)，推進行(xing)業(ye)(ye)達(da)標排放改(gai)造。

　　完善工業(ye)園(yuan)區污(wu)水(shui)(shui)集中處(chu)理設施(shi)。實(shi)行(xing)“清污(wu)分流、雨污(wu)分流”，實(shi)現廢水(shui)(shui)分類(lei)收集、分質處(chu)理，入園(yuan)企業(ye)應在達到(dao)國家或(huo)地方規定的(de)排放(fang)標準后接入集中式污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設施(shi)處(chu)理，園(yuan)區集中式污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設施(shi)總排口應安裝自(zi)動監控系統(tong)、視頻監控系統(tong)，并與環境保護主管(guan)部門聯(lian)網。開展(zhan)工業(ye)園(yuan)區污(wu)水(shui)(shui)集中處(chu)理規范化改造示范。

　　第二節　深入推進重(zhong)點(dian)污染物減排

　　改(gai)革(ge)完(wan)善總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制制度(du)(du)。以提(ti)高環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)為(wei)核(he)心，以重大減(jian)排(pai)(pai)工程為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)抓手(shou)，上下結合，科(ke)學確定總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制要(yao)求(qiu)，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)差別化管理(li)。優(you)化總(zong)量(liang)(liang)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)核(he)算體(ti)系(xi)，以省級為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)核(he)查核(he)算，推動自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)管理(li)，鼓勵將持續有效(xiao)改(gai)善環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)措施(shi)(shi)納(na)入減(jian)排(pai)(pai)核(he)算。加(jia)強對生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)重大工程的(de)調(diao)度(du)(du)，對進度(du)(du)滯后地區及(ji)早預警通報，各地減(jian)排(pai)(pai)工程、指標(biao)情況要(yao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動向社會公(gong)開。總(zong)量(liang)(liang)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)考核(he)服從于環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)考核(he)，重點審查環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)未達到標(biao)準、減(jian)排(pai)(pai)數據(ju)與環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)(liang)變化趨勢明顯不(bu)協調(diao)的(de)地區，并根據(ju)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)督(du)查、日常(chang)監督(du)檢(jian)查和排(pai)(pai)污(wu)許可執行情況，對各省（區、市(shi)）自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)管理(li)情況實(shi)施(shi)(shi)“雙(shuang)隨機”抽查。大力推行區域性、行業性總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制，鼓勵各地實(shi)施(shi)(shi)特征性污(wu)染物總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制，并納(na)入各地國民經(jing)濟和社會發展規(gui)劃(hua)。

　　推(tui)動治(zhi)污減排工程(cheng)建設(she)。各省（區、市）要制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)實施(shi)造(zao)(zao)紙(zhi)、印染等(deng)(deng)(deng)十大(da)重點(dian)涉(she)水(shui)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)專項治(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)案，大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低(di)污染物(wu)排放強度(du)。電力(li)、鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、紡織、造(zao)(zao)紙(zhi)、石油石化(hua)、化(hua)工、食(shi)品發酵等(deng)(deng)(deng)高耗水(shui)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)達(da)到先進定(ding)額標準。以燃(ran)煤電廠超(chao)低(di)排放改造(zao)(zao)為重點(dian)，對電力(li)、鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、建材、石化(hua)、有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)重點(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)，實施(shi)綜合治(zhi)理(li)(li)，對二氧化(hua)硫(liu)、氮(dan)氧化(hua)物(wu)、煙粉塵以及重金(jin)屬(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多污染物(wu)實施(shi)協同控制(zhi)(zhi)。各省（區、市）應于2017年底前制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)專項治(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)案并向社會公開(kai)，對治(zhi)理(li)(li)不到位的工程(cheng)項目要公開(kai)曝光。制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)分行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)治(zhi)污技術政策，培育示范企業(ye)(ye)和示范工程(cheng)。

專欄(lan)3　推動重點行業治(zhi)污(wu)減排

　　（一）造紙行業。

　　力爭完成紙漿(jiang)無元(yuan)素氯漂白改造(zao)或采取其他低污染制漿(jiang)技術，完善中段(duan)水生(sheng)化處理工藝，增加(jia)深度治(zhi)理工藝，進一步完善中控系(xi)統。

　　（二）印(yin)染行(xing)業。

　　實施(shi)低排水(shui)染(ran)整工(gong)藝改造及廢水(shui)綜合利用(yong)(yong)，強化清污分(fen)流、分(fen)質處理(li)、分(fen)質回用(yong)(yong)，完善中段水(shui)生化處理(li)，增加強氧化、膜(mo)處理(li)等(deng)深度(du)治理(li)工(gong)藝。

　　（三）味精行業(ye)。

　　提高生(sheng)產廢(fei)水(shui)循環利用水(shui)平，分離(li)(li)尾液和離(li)(li)交尾液采(cai)用絮凝氣浮和蒸(zheng)發濃縮等措施，外排水(shui)采(cai)取(qu)厭氧—好氧二(er)級生(sheng)化處理工(gong)藝；敏感區域(yu)應深度處理。

　　（四）檸檬酸行業。

　　采用低濃度廢水循(xun)環再利用技術，高(gao)濃度廢水采用噴漿造粒等措(cuo)施。

　　（五）氮肥行業。

　　開展工藝冷凝液水(shui)解(jie)解(jie)析技術改造，實施含氰、含氨廢水(shui)綜合治(zhi)理。

　　（六）酒精(jing)與啤酒行業。

　　低(di)濃度廢水采(cai)用物化—生化工藝(yi)，預處理后由園區集中(zhong)處理。啤酒(jiu)行業采(cai)用就地清洗技術。

　　（七(qi)）制糖行業(ye)。

　　采用(yong)(yong)無濾布(bu)真(zhen)空吸(xi)濾機、高壓水(shui)清(qing)洗、甜菜(cai)干法輸送及壓粕(po)水(shui)回收，推進(jin)廢糖蜜、酒精廢醪液發酵還田綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，鼓勵廢水(shui)生(sheng)化(hua)處理后回用(yong)(yong)，敏感(gan)區域執(zhi)行特別排(pai)放限值。

　　（八）淀粉行業。

　　采用厭氧+好氧生(sheng)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)技術(shu)，建設污水處(chu)理(li)設施在線監測和中控(kong)系統。

　　（九）屠宰行業。

　　強化(hua)外排(pai)污(wu)水預處(chu)理，敏感區(qu)域(yu)執(zhi)行特(te)別排(pai)放限值，有條件的采用(yong)膜生(sheng)物反應器工藝進行深度處(chu)理。

　　（十）磷(lin)化工行(xing)業。

　　實施濕法磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸凈(jing)化改造(zao)，嚴禁過磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸鈣(gai)、鈣(gai)鎂磷(lin)(lin)(lin)肥新增產能。發展(zhan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)爐尾(wei)氣(qi)凈(jing)化合成有機(ji)化工產品，鼓勵各種建材(cai)或建材(cai)添加(jia)劑綜合利用磷(lin)(lin)(lin)渣、磷(lin)(lin)(lin)石膏(gao)。

　　（十一）煤電(dian)行業。

　　加快推進燃(ran)煤電廠超低排放和(he)節能(neng)改造。強化露天煤場抑塵措施，有(you)條件的實(shi)施封閉改造。

　　（十二）鋼鐵行(xing)業(ye)。

　　完成干熄焦技術改(gai)造(zao)，不同類型的廢(fei)水應分別進行預處理(li)。未納(na)入(ru)淘汰計劃(hua)的燒(shao)結(jie)機和球團生產設(she)備全部實施全煙(yan)(yan)氣脫硫(liu)，禁止設(she)置脫硫(liu)設(she)施煙(yan)(yan)氣旁路；燒(shao)結(jie)機頭、機尾、焦爐(lu)、高(gao)爐(lu)出鐵(tie)場(chang)、轉爐(lu)煙(yan)(yan)氣除(chu)塵等設(she)施實施升級(ji)改(gai)造(zao)，露天原料(liao)場(chang)實施封閉(bi)改(gai)造(zao)，原料(liao)轉運設(she)施建(jian)設(she)封閉(bi)皮帶(dai)通廊，轉運站和落料(liao)點(dian)配套抽(chou)風收塵裝置。

　　（十(shi)三）建材行(xing)業。

　　原料破(po)碎、生(sheng)(sheng)產、運(yun)輸、裝(zhuang)卸等(deng)各環節實施(shi)堆場及輸送設備(bei)全封(feng)閉、道路清(qing)掃等(deng)措施(shi)，有效控制無組織排(pai)放。水(shui)泥(ni)窯全部實施(shi)煙氣脫(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)，水(shui)泥(ni)窯及窯磨(mo)一體機進(jin)行高(gao)效除(chu)塵(chen)改(gai)造；平板玻璃行業推進(jin)“煤改(gai)氣”、“煤改(gai)電(dian)”，禁止(zhi)摻燒(shao)高(gao)硫石油焦等(deng)劣質原料，未使用(yong)清(qing)潔能源的浮法玻璃生(sheng)(sheng)產線(xian)全部實施(shi)煙氣脫(tuo)硫，浮法玻璃生(sheng)(sheng)產線(xian)全部實施(shi)煙氣高(gao)效除(chu)塵(chen)、脫(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)；建筑衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)陶(tao)瓷行業使用(yong)清(qing)潔燃(ran)料，噴(pen)霧(wu)干燥塔、陶(tao)瓷窯爐安裝(zhuang)脫(tuo)硫除(chu)塵(chen)設施(shi)，氮氧化物不能穩定達標排(pai)放的噴(pen)霧(wu)干燥塔采取脫(tuo)硝(xiao)(xiao)措施(shi)。

　　（十四）石化行(xing)業。

　　催化裂化裝置實施(shi)催化再(zai)生煙(yan)氣治理，對不能穩定達標排放的硫(liu)磺回收尾氣，提(ti)高(gao)硫(liu)磺回收率或加裝脫硫(liu)設施(shi)。

　　（十五）有色金屬行業。

　　加強富余煙氣(qi)(qi)收(shou)集，對二氧化硫含量大于3.5%的煙氣(qi)(qi)，采取兩(liang)轉兩(liang)吸制酸(suan)等方式回收(shou)。低濃度煙氣(qi)(qi)和(he)制酸(suan)尾氣(qi)(qi)排放超標的必(bi)須進行脫硫。規范冶煉企業廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)排放口設(she)置，取消脫硫設(she)施旁路。

　　控制(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)點地(di)區重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)。全(quan)面(mian)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)石化、有(you)(you)機(ji)化工(gong)、表(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)、包裝(zhuang)印刷等(deng)重(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)控制(zhi)(zhi)。細顆粒物(wu)(wu)和臭氧污(wu)染(ran)嚴重(zhong)省份實(shi)施行(xing)(xing)業揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)總量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)總量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)目標和實(shi)施方案。強(qiang)化揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)與(yu)氮氧化物(wu)(wu)的協(xie)同減(jian)排(pai)，建立(li)固定(ding)(ding)源(yuan)、移動源(yuan)、面(mian)源(yuan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)清單，對(dui)芳香烴(jing)(jing)、烯烴(jing)(jing)、炔烴(jing)(jing)、醛(quan)類、酮(tong)類等(deng)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)實(shi)施重(zhong)點減(jian)排(pai)。開展(zhan)石化行(xing)(xing)業“泄漏檢測(ce)與(yu)修復(fu)”專項行(xing)(xing)動，對(dui)無組織排(pai)放(fang)(fang)開展(zhan)治理。各地(di)要明(ming)確時(shi)限(xian)，完成加(jia)(jia)油(you)(you)(you)站、儲油(you)(you)(you)庫、油(you)(you)(you)罐車油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)回收(shou)治理，油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)回收(shou)率提高到90%以上，并(bing)加(jia)(jia)快推進原(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)成品油(you)(you)(you)碼頭(tou)油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)回收(shou)治理。涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)行(xing)(xing)業實(shi)施低(di)(di)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)含量(liang)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)替代(dai)、涂(tu)(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)工(gong)藝與(yu)設備改(gai)進，建設揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)收(shou)集與(yu)治理設施。印刷行(xing)(xing)業全(quan)面(mian)開展(zhan)低(di)(di)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)含量(liang)原(yuan)輔料(liao)替代(dai)，改(gai)進生(sheng)產工(gong)藝。京津(jin)冀及(ji)周邊地(di)區、長三角地(di)區、珠三角地(di)區，以及(ji)成渝、武漢及(ji)其周邊、遼(liao)寧中部(bu)、陜西關中、長株潭等(deng)城市(shi)群全(quan)面(mian)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　總(zong)磷(lin)、總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)超標(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)實施(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)、區(qu)域(yu)(yu)性(xing)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)。總(zong)磷(lin)超標(biao)(biao)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)單元以及上游相關(guan)地區(qu)要實施(shi)(shi)總(zong)磷(lin)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，明(ming)確(que)控(kong)制(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)并作(zuo)為約束性(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，制(zhi)定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質達標(biao)(biao)改善(shan)方案。重點開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)100家磷(lin)礦采選和(he)(he)磷(lin)化工企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產工藝及污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設施(shi)(shi)建設改造(zao)。大力推廣磷(lin)銨(an)生產廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回用(yong)，促進(jin)磷(lin)石膏(gao)的(de)綜合加(jia)工利用(yong)，確(que)保(bao)磷(lin)酸生產企業(ye)(ye)(ye)磷(lin)回收率達到96%以上。沿海地級及以上城市和(he)(he)匯入富營養化湖(hu)庫的(de)河流(liu)(liu)，實施(shi)(shi)總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)污(wu)染來源(yuan)解析，明(ming)確(que)重點控(kong)制(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)、領域(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，制(zhi)定(ding)總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)方案，并將總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)納入區(qu)域(yu)(yu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)、味精等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)提(ti)高(gao)輔料利用(yong)效(xiao)率，加(jia)大資(zi)源(yuan)回收力度(du)。印染等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)降低尿素的(de)使用(yong)量(liang)(liang)或(huo)使用(yong)尿素替代助劑。造(zao)紙等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)加(jia)快廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設施(shi)(shi)精細化管理，嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)營養鹽投加(jia)量(liang)(liang)。強化城鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠生物除(chu)磷(lin)、脫氮(dan)(dan)工藝，實施(shi)(shi)畜禽養殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)磷(lin)、總(zong)氮(dan)(dan)與(yu)化學(xue)需氧量(liang)(liang)、氨氮(dan)(dan)協同控(kong)制(zhi)。

專(zhuan)欄4　區(qu)域性(xing)、流域性(xing)總量控制地區(qu)

　　（一）揮發性有機物總量控(kong)制。

　　在細顆粒物和臭氧污染(ran)較嚴重(zhong)的(de)16個省(sheng)(sheng)份實施行業揮發(fa)性(xing)有機物總量控制，包(bao)括：北(bei)京市(shi)、天津市(shi)、河北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)、遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)、上海市(shi)、江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)、浙江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)、安徽省(sheng)(sheng)、山東省(sheng)(sheng)、河南省(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)、廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)、重(zhong)慶市(shi)、四川省(sheng)(sheng)、陜西省(sheng)(sheng)等。

　　（二(er)）總磷總量控制。

　　總(zong)(zong)磷超標的控制單元以及上游相(xiang)關地區(qu)實施(shi)總(zong)(zong)磷總(zong)(zong)量控制，包括：天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寶(bao)坻(chi)區(qu)，黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)雞西(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，貴州省(sheng)(sheng)黔南(nan)布依族苗(miao)族自(zi)治(zhi)州、黔東南(nan)苗(miao)族侗族自(zi)治(zhi)州，河南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)漯(luo)河市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鶴壁市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、新(xin)鄉市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)宜(yi)昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、十堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)常德市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、益陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、岳陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、九江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)撫(fu)順市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)宜(yi)賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、眉山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)玉溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。

　　（三(san)）總(zong)(zong)氮總(zong)(zong)量(liang)控制。

　　在56個沿海(hai)(hai)地級及(ji)以上(shang)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或區域實施總氮總量控制，包括(kuo)：丹(dan)東(dong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大連(lian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、錦(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、營口市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、盤錦(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、葫蘆(lu)島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、秦皇島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、唐山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、滄州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、天(tian)津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、濱州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、東(dong)營市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、濰坊市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、煙臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、威海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、青島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、日照市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、連(lian)云港市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鹽城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)通市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、上(shang)海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杭州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寧(ning)波市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溫州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、嘉興市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紹(shao)興市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臺州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、福州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平潭綜合實驗區、廈門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、莆田市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寧(ning)德市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、漳州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、深圳市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、珠海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、汕頭市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、江門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、湛江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、惠州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、汕尾市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、陽(yang)江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、東(dong)莞市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、中山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潮(chao)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、揭陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北(bei)海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、防城港市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、欽州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海(hai)(hai)口市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、三亞市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、三沙(sha)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和海(hai)(hai)南(nan)省直轄縣(xian)級行政區等(deng)。

　　在(zai)29個富營養化湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)庫(ku)(ku)匯水(shui)(shui)范圍內實(shi)施總氮總量控制，包括：安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)巢湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、龍感(gan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南漪湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)懷柔水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，天津市(shi)于橋水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白洋(yang)淀(dian)(dian)，吉林省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)松花湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，內蒙古(gu)自治區呼(hu)倫(lun)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、烏梁素海(hai)，山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南四(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，江蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白馬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、高(gao)郵(you)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、洪澤湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、陽澄湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，浙(zhe)江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，上海(hai)市(shi)、江蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)淀(dian)(dian)山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)州水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、鶴(he)地(di)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)魯(lu)班(ban)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、邛海(hai)，云南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)滇(dian)池、杞麓(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、星(xing)云湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、異(yi)龍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，寧(ning)夏(xia)自治區沙(sha)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、香山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，新疆自治區艾(ai)比湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)。

　　第(di)三節　加(jia)強(qiang)基礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)

　　加(jia)快(kuai)完(wan)善城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)系統。全面加(jia)強城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)及配套管網建(jian)設(she)，加(jia)大雨(yu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分流(liu)、清污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)混流(liu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網改造，優先推進城(cheng)(cheng)中村、老(lao)舊城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉結合部污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)截(jie)流(liu)、收(shou)集、納管，消除河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)倒灌、地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲入(ru)等(deng)現象。到(dao)(dao)2020年，全國所有(you)縣城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點鎮(zhen)具備污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集處(chu)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)和(he)(he)縣城(cheng)(cheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)率(lv)分別達(da)到(dao)(dao)95%和(he)(he)85%左右(you)，地(di)級(ji)及以(yi)上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)基本實現污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全收(shou)集、全處(chu)理(li)(li)。提升污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再(zai)生(sheng)利(li)用和(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)處(chu)置水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平，大力(li)(li)推進污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)穩定化(hua)(hua)(hua)、無害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)資源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置，地(di)級(ji)及以(yi)上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)無害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)90%，京津冀(ji)(ji)區(qu)域達(da)到(dao)(dao)95%。控制(zhi)初期雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染，排入(ru)自然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)的雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)須經過岸(an)線凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)，加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)改造沿岸(an)截(jie)流(liu)干管，控制(zhi)滲漏(lou)和(he)(he)合流(liu)制(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溢流(liu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染。因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜、一(yi)河一(yi)策，控源(yuan)截(jie)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、內源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治理(li)(li)多管齊下，科學(xue)(xue)整(zheng)治城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)；因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜實施(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)廠(chang)升級(ji)改造，有(you)條件的應(ying)配套建(jian)設(she)濕地(di)生(sheng)態處(chu)理(li)(li)系統，加(jia)強廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用。敏感區(qu)域（重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點湖(hu)泊、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、近(jin)岸(an)海域匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)域）城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)應(ying)于(yu)2017年底前全面達(da)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)級(ji)A排放(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)。建(jian)成區(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達(da)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)Ⅳ類標(biao)準(zhun)的城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)，新建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)要執行一(yi)級(ji)A排放(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)。到(dao)(dao)2020年，實現缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)20%以(yi)上，京津冀(ji)(ji)區(qu)域達(da)到(dao)(dao)30%以(yi)上。將港口、船(chuan)舶(bo)修造廠(chang)環衛設(she)施(shi)、污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)納入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)規劃(hua)，提升含油污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品洗(xi)艙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)的處(chu)置能(neng)力(li)(li)。實施(shi)船(chuan)舶(bo)壓載(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)。

　　實現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)全(quan)覆蓋(gai)和(he)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)穩定達(da)標運(yun)行。加快縣城(cheng)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，實現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)全(quan)覆蓋(gai)。提高城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)減(jian)量化、資源(yuan)化和(he)無害(hai)化水平，全(quan)國城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)無害(hai)化處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)95%以(yi)上，90%以(yi)上村莊(zhuang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)得到(dao)(dao)有效治理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重點發展生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)焚燒(shao)發電技術(shu)，鼓勵區域共建(jian)(jian)共享(xiang)焚燒(shao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)，積極發展生(sheng)(sheng)物處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)，合理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)統(tong)(tong)籌填(tian)埋處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技術(shu)，到(dao)(dao)2020年，垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)焚燒(shao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)40%。完善(shan)收集(ji)儲(chu)運(yun)系統(tong)(tong)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)面推廣(guang)密閉化收運(yun)，實現(xian)(xian)干、濕分類收集(ji)轉(zhuan)運(yun)。加強(qiang)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)滲濾液處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)、焚燒(shao)飛(fei)灰處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)、填(tian)埋場甲烷利用和(he)惡(e)臭處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，向社會公(gong)開垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)污(wu)染物排放(fang)情況。加快建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)餐廚廢棄物、建(jian)(jian)筑垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)和(he)廢舊紡織(zhi)品(pin)等資源(yuan)化利用和(he)無害(hai)化處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)。以(yi)大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為重點，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)分類示范城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（區）、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)存量治理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)示范項目，大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)餐廚垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)。支持水泥窯協同處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)。

　　推(tui)進(jin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿(mian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。轉變城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)規劃(hua)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)理(li)念，保(bao)護(hu)和恢復城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態。老城(cheng)區以問題為(wei)導(dao)向，以解決城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)內(nei)澇、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)收集利用、黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)體治理(li)為(wei)突破口(kou)，推(tui)進(jin)區域整(zheng)體治理(li)，避免(mian)大(da)拆大(da)建。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)新(xin)區以目(mu)標為(wei)導(dao)向，優(you)先保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態環境，合(he)(he)理(li)控制(zhi)開發強度。綜合(he)(he)采取“滲(shen)、滯、蓄、凈、用、排(pai)”等(deng)措施(shi)，加(jia)(jia)強海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿(mian)型建筑與小區、海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿(mian)型道路與廣場、海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿(mian)型公園和綠地(di)、雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)蓄與排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)等(deng)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。大(da)力推(tui)進(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的達標建設(she)(she)(she)(she)，加(jia)(jia)快改(gai)造和消除城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)易澇點。到2020年，能夠(gou)將70%的降(jiang)雨就(jiu)地(di)消納和利用的土地(di)面(mian)積達到城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建成區面(mian)積的20%以上(shang)。加(jia)(jia)強城(cheng)鎮(zhen)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，公共建筑必須采用節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器具，鼓勵居(ju)民家(jia)庭選用節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)器具。到2020年，地(di)級及以上(shang)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)全部達到國(guo)家(jia)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)型城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)標準要求，京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠三角等(deng)區域提(ti)前一(yi)年完成。

　　增加(jia)清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供給和(he)使用(yong)。優先保障(zhang)水電和(he)國家“十三(san)五(wu)”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展相關(guan)規(gui)劃(hua)內的風(feng)能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)、生物質能(neng)(neng)等(deng)清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項目發電上網，落實可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全額(e)保障(zhang)性收購(gou)政(zheng)(zheng)策，到(dao)2020年，非化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)(ji)比重(zhong)達到(dao)39%。煤(mei)炭占能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)量(liang)的比重(zhong)降至(zhi)58%以(yi)下。擴大(da)城(cheng)市高污(wu)染燃(ran)料禁燃(ran)區(qu)范(fan)圍，提高城(cheng)市燃(ran)氣化(hua)率，地(di)級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)上城(cheng)市供熱(re)供氣管網覆蓋的地(di)區(qu)禁止使用(yong)散(san)(san)煤(mei)，京津(jin)冀、長三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)、珠三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)重(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)、重(zhong)點城(cheng)市實施(shi)“煤(mei)改氣”工程，推(tui)進北方(fang)地(di)區(qu)農村散(san)(san)煤(mei)替代。加(jia)快城(cheng)市新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)充電設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)，政(zheng)(zheng)府機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、大(da)中型企事業單位帶頭配套建設(she)(she)，繼(ji)續實施(shi)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)推(tui)廣。

　　大(da)力推進(jin)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)化利用。加(jia)強商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)質量(liang)管理，限制(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)和銷售高硫、高灰等煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭資源(yuan)，發(fa)展煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭洗(xi)選加(jia)工(gong)，到(dao)2020年，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭入洗(xi)率提(ti)高到(dao)75%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。大(da)力推進(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)氣代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)和以(yi)(yi)(yi)其他清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能源(yuan)代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)，對暫不具備煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭改清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)地區(qu)(qu)，積(ji)極推進(jin)潔(jie)(jie)凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)替代(dai)。建設潔(jie)(jie)凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)配送中(zhong)心，建立(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)縣（區(qu)(qu)）為單位的(de)(de)全密閉配煤(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)心以(yi)(yi)(yi)及覆蓋所有鄉鎮、村的(de)(de)潔(jie)(jie)凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)網絡。加(jia)快純凝（只發(fa)電(dian)不供(gong)(gong)熱）發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)供(gong)(gong)熱改造，鼓勵熱電(dian)聯產機組(zu)替代(dai)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)小鍋(guo)爐(lu)，推進(jin)城市集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)熱。到(dao)2017年，除確有必要保(bao)留(liu)的(de)(de)外，全國(guo)地級及以(yi)(yi)(yi)上城市建成區(qu)(qu)基本(ben)淘汰10蒸噸以(yi)(yi)(yi)下燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋(guo)爐(lu)。

　　第四節　加快農(nong)業農(nong)村環境(jing)綜合治(zhi)理

　　繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)推(tui)(tui)進農村環(huan)境(jing)綜合整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)。繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)深(shen)入開展(zhan)愛國衛生運動(dong)，持(chi)續(xu)(xu)推(tui)(tui)進城(cheng)鄉環(huan)境(jing)衛生整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)行動(dong)，建(jian)設健康、宜(yi)居、美麗家園。深(shen)化“以(yi)獎促治(zhi)(zhi)”政策，以(yi)南水(shui)(shui)北調沿線、三(san)峽(xia)庫區(qu)、長江沿線等重要水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地周邊為重點(dian)，推(tui)(tui)進新(xin)一(yi)輪農村環(huan)境(jing)連(lian)片整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)，有條件的省份開展(zhan)全覆(fu)蓋拉網式整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)。因地制(zhi)宜(yi)開展(zhan)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，完(wan)善農村生活(huo)垃(la)(la)圾“村收集(ji)、鎮(zhen)轉運、縣處理(li)”模(mo)式，鼓勵就地資源(yuan)化，加(jia)快整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)“垃(la)(la)圾圍村”、“垃(la)(la)圾圍壩”等問題，切實(shi)防止城(cheng)鎮(zhen)垃(la)(la)圾向(xiang)(xiang)農村轉移。整(zheng)(zheng)縣推(tui)(tui)進農村污水(shui)(shui)處理(li)統一(yi)規劃、建(jian)設、管理(li)。積極推(tui)(tui)進城(cheng)鎮(zhen)污水(shui)(shui)、垃(la)(la)圾處理(li)設施(shi)和服(fu)務向(xiang)(xiang)農村延伸，開展(zhan)農村廁所無(wu)害化改(gai)造。繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)實(shi)施(shi)農村清潔工(gong)程(cheng)，開展(zhan)河道清淤疏浚(jun)。到2020年，新(xin)增完(wan)成(cheng)環(huan)境(jing)綜合整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)制(zhi)村13萬個。

　　大(da)力推進畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖(zhi)污(wu)染(ran)防治。劃定禁止建設畜(chu)禽(qin)規(gui)模養殖(zhi)場（小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)）區(qu)域(yu)，加強分(fen)區(qu)分(fen)類(lei)管(guan)理(li)，以廢棄物資源(yuan)化利用為(wei)途徑，整(zheng)縣推進畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖(zhi)污(wu)染(ran)防治。養殖(zhi)密(mi)集區(qu)推行糞污(wu)集中處理(li)和資源(yuan)化綜(zong)合利用。2017年底前(qian)，各地(di)區(qu)依法關(guan)閉或搬遷禁養區(qu)內的畜(chu)禽(qin)養殖(zhi)場（小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)）和養殖(zhi)專業戶。大(da)力支持畜(chu)禽(qin)規(gui)模養殖(zhi)場（小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)）標準化改造和建設。

　　打好農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)源污染治理攻堅戰。優化(hua)(hua)調整農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)和布(bu)局(ju)，推廣資源節約型(xing)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)清潔(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術，推動資源節約型(xing)、環(huan)境友(you)好型(xing)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)育(yu)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展。建設生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)溝渠(qu)、污水凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)塘、地(di)表(biao)徑(jing)流(liu)集蓄(xu)池等(deng)設施，凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)田排水及(ji)地(di)表(biao)徑(jing)流(liu)。實施環(huan)水有機(ji)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行動計劃。推進(jin)健(jian)康生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)養殖。實行測(ce)土配方施肥(fei)。推進(jin)種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)清潔(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，開展農(nong)(nong)膜回收(shou)利(li)用(yong)，率(lv)先實現(xian)(xian)東北黑土地(di)大田生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)地(di)膜零增長。在環(huan)渤海(hai)京(jing)津冀(ji)、長三(san)(san)角(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)等(deng)重(zhong)點區(qu)域，開展種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和養殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重(zhong)點排放源氨防(fang)控研究與(yu)示(shi)范。研究建立農(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)環(huan)境影響(xiang)后評價制(zhi)度，制(zhi)定農(nong)(nong)藥包裝(zhuang)廢棄物回收(shou)處理辦(ban)法。到2020年，實現(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)量零增長，化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)提(ti)高到40％以上，農(nong)(nong)膜回收(shou)率(lv)達(da)到80%以上；京(jing)津冀(ji)、長三(san)(san)角(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)(san)角(jiao)等(deng)區(qu)域提(ti)前一(yi)年完成。

　　強化秸(jie)稈綜(zong)(zong)合(he)利用與(yu)禁(jin)燒(shao)。建立逐(zhu)級(ji)監(jian)督落(luo)實機制，疏堵結合(he)、以疏為(wei)主(zhu)，完善秸(jie)稈收儲體系，支持(chi)秸(jie)稈代木、纖維原(yuan)料、清潔制漿、生物質能、商品有機肥等新技(ji)術(shu)產業化發展(zhan)，加快(kuai)推進秸(jie)稈綜(zong)(zong)合(he)利用；強化重點區(qu)域和重點時段秸(jie)稈禁(jin)燒(shao)措施，不(bu)斷提高禁(jin)燒(shao)監(jian)管水平。

　　第六章　實行全(quan)程管控，有效防范(fan)和降低環境風險

　　提升風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)防控基礎能力(li)，將風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)納入(ru)常態(tai)化(hua)管(guan)理，系(xi)統構建事(shi)前嚴(yan)防、事(shi)中嚴(yan)管(guan)、事(shi)后(hou)處(chu)置的(de)全過程(cheng)、多層(ceng)級風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)防范體系(xi)，嚴(yan)密防控重金(jin)屬、危險(xian)(xian)廢物(wu)、有(you)毒有(you)害化(hua)學品、核(he)(he)與輻(fu)射(she)等重點(dian)領域環(huan)境風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)，強(qiang)化(hua)核(he)(he)與輻(fu)射(she)安全監管(guan)體系(xi)和(he)能力(li)建設，有(you)效控制影響健康(kang)的(de)生態(tai)和(he)社會(hui)環(huan)境危險(xian)(xian)因(yin)素，守(shou)牢安全底線。

　　第一節　完善風險防控和應急響應體系(xi)

　　加強風險評(ping)估(gu)與(yu)源頭防控。完善企業(ye)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)風險評(ping)估(gu)制度，推進突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)風險分類(lei)分級管(guan)理，嚴(yan)格重大突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)風險企業(ye)監管(guan)。改進危險廢(fei)(fei)物鑒(jian)別體系。選擇典(dian)型區域(yu)、工業(ye)園區、流域(yu)開展試點(dian)，進行廢(fei)(fei)水綜合毒性(xing)評(ping)估(gu)、區域(yu)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)風險評(ping)估(gu)，以此(ci)作(zuo)為行業(ye)準入、產業(ye)布局與(yu)結構調整的基本依據，發(fa)(fa)布典(dian)型區域(yu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)風險評(ping)估(gu)報(bao)告范例。

　　開展環境(jing)與健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)調(diao)查(cha)、監(jian)測和風(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估。制定環境(jing)與健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)工(gong)作辦(ban)法，建立環境(jing)與健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)調(diao)查(cha)、監(jian)測和風(feng)(feng)險(xian)評估制度，形成(cheng)配套政策、標(biao)準(zhun)和技(ji)術體(ti)(ti)系。開展重點地區(qu)、流(liu)域、行業環境(jing)與健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)調(diao)查(cha)，初步建立環境(jing)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)哨點監(jian)測工(gong)作網絡，識別(bie)和評估重點地區(qu)、流(liu)域、行業的環境(jing)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，對造成(cheng)環境(jing)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)的企(qi)業和污染物(wu)實施清單管理，研究發布一批利于人體(ti)(ti)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)的環境(jing)基準(zhun)。

　　嚴格(ge)環境風險預警(jing)管理。強(qiang)化重(zhong)污染天氣(qi)(qi)、飲用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)地、有毒(du)有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)、核安全等預警(jing)工作，開展飲用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)地水(shui)質(zhi)生(sheng)物毒(du)性、化工園區有毒(du)有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)等監測預警(jing)試點。

　　強(qiang)化突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)應急(ji)處置管理。健全國家、省(sheng)、市、縣四級聯動的(de)突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)應急(ji)管理體(ti)系，深入推(tui)進跨(kua)區域(yu)、跨(kua)部門的(de)突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)應急(ji)協調機制(zhi)，健全綜(zong)合應急(ji)救(jiu)援體(ti)系，建立社會化應急(ji)救(jiu)援機制(zhi)。完善突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)現場指揮與協調制(zhi)度，以及信(xin)息(xi)報(bao)告和(he)公開機制(zhi)。加(jia)強(qiang)突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)調查(cha)、突發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)影響和(he)損(sun)失(shi)評估制(zhi)度建設。

　　加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)風(feng)險防控基礎能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。構建(jian)生產、運輸、貯存、處(chu)置環(huan)(huan)節的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險監測(ce)預警網絡，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定位、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)查(cha)詢(xun)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)跟蹤、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)預警、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)考核”的(de)危(wei)險廢物(wu)全過程信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)監管體系。建(jian)立健全突(tu)發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件應急(ji)指揮決策支持系統，完善環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險源(yuan)、敏感目標、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力及環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)預案等(deng)數據庫(ku)。加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)石化(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)重點行業(ye)以及政府和部門突(tu)發環(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件應急(ji)預案管理(li)。建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)國家環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)救(jiu)援實訓基地，加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)管理(li)隊(dui)伍(wu)、專家隊(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)物(wu)資儲備和信息化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，增強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)應急(ji)監測(ce)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。推(tui)動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)裝備產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、社會化(hua)(hua)(hua)，推(tui)進(jin)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。

　　第二節(jie)　加大重金屬污(wu)染防治(zhi)力(li)度(du)

　　加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境管理(li)。嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)新增產(chan)(chan)能快速擴張，優(you)化產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布局，繼續淘汰(tai)涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)落后產(chan)(chan)能。涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分布集中、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模大、發(fa)展(zhan)速度快、環(huan)(huan)境問題突出(chu)的(de)(de)地區，制(zhi)定實施更嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)地方(fang)污(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標準和(he)環(huan)(huan)境準入(ru)標準，依法(fa)關停達標無望、治(zhi)理(li)整(zheng)頓后仍(reng)不(bu)能穩定達標的(de)(de)涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。制(zhi)定電鍍(du)、制(zhi)革、鉛蓄電池等(deng)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區綜合整(zheng)治(zhi)方(fang)案，推(tui)動園區清潔(jie)、規范發(fa)展(zhan)。強(qiang)(qiang)化涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點工(gong)礦企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)放(fang)(fang)及周(zhou)邊(bian)環(huan)(huan)境中的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)監測，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境風險隱患排(pai)查，向社會公開(kai)涉(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)、環(huan)(huan)境管理(li)和(he)環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量等(deng)信息。組織開(kai)展(zhan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)礦采選冶(ye)煉、鋼鐵等(deng)典型(xing)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)貴州(zhou)黔西南(nan)布依族苗族自治(zhi)州(zhou)等(deng)典型(xing)地區鉈(she)污(wu)染(ran)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)調查，制(zhi)定鉈(she)污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)方(fang)案。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)進口礦產(chan)(chan)品中重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)環(huan)(huan)保項目(mu)質(zhi)量監管。

　　深(shen)化(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域(yu)分類防(fang)控。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)染防(fang)控重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域(yu)制定(ding)實施重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)染綜(zong)(zong)合(he)防(fang)治規劃，有(you)效防(fang)控環(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險和(he)改善區域(yu)環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)，分區指導、一(yi)區一(yi)策(ce)，實施差別化(hua)防(fang)控管(guan)理(li)，加快湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)流域(yu)、區域(yu)突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治，“十三(san)五”期(qi)間，爭取20個左右地區退出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域(yu)。在江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇靖江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市、浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平陽縣(xian)等(deng)16個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域(yu)和(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西大余縣(xian)浮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)流域(yu)等(deng)8個流域(yu)開(kai)展重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)染綜(zong)(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治示(shi)范，探索建(jian)立區域(yu)和(he)流域(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)污(wu)染治理(li)與風(feng)險防(fang)控的技(ji)術和(he)管(guan)理(li)體系。建(jian)立“錳三(san)角”（錳礦開(kai)采和(he)生產過程中存在嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)境(jing)污(wu)染問(wen)題(ti)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶市秀山縣(xian)、湖南省(sheng)花(hua)垣縣(xian)、貴州(zhou)省(sheng)松(song)桃縣(xian)三(san)個縣(xian)）綜(zong)(zong)合(he)防(fang)控協調機制，統一(yi)制定(ding)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治規劃。優(you)化(hua)調整(zheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區域(yu)環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)監測點(dian)位，2018年底前建(jian)成全國重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)環(huan)境(jing)監測體系。

專欄5　重金(jin)屬綜合整治示范

　　（一）區域綜合(he)防控（16個）。

　　泰州靖江(jiang)市(shi)（電(dian)(dian)鍍行(xing)(xing)業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、溫州平陽縣(xian)（產業(ye)入園升級與(yu)(yu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、湖州長興縣(xian)（鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、濟源市(shi)（重金(jin)屬(shu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)環境監測）、黃石大冶(ye)市(shi)及(ji)(ji)周邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（銅冶(ye)煉治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)(shi)遺留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、湘潭竹埠港(gang)及(ji)(ji)周邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)(shi)遺留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、衡陽水口山(shan)(shan)及(ji)(ji)周邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（行(xing)(xing)業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)升）、郴州三十六灣(wan)及(ji)(ji)周邊地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)(shi)遺留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和環境風險預警監控(kong)）、常德(de)石門(men)縣(xian)雄黃礦地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)(shi)遺留砷(shen)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)風險防控(kong)）、河(he)(he)池(chi)金(jin)城江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（結構調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)(shi)遺留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、重慶(qing)秀山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)（電(dian)(dian)解錳行(xing)(xing)業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、涼山(shan)(shan)西(xi)昌市(shi)（有色行(xing)(xing)業(ye)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)地(di)塊治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、銅仁萬山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（汞(gong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、紅河(he)(he)個舊市(shi)（產業(ye)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)(shi)遺留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、渭(wei)南潼關(guan)縣(xian)（有色行(xing)(xing)業(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、金(jin)昌市(shi)金(jin)川區(qu)(qu)(qu)（產業(ye)升級與(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)(shi)遺留綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。

　　（二(er)）流(liu)域綜合(he)整治（8個）。

　　贛州大余縣浮(fu)江河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（砷）、三門峽靈(ling)寶(bao)(bao)市宏農澗河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（鎘、汞）、荊門鐘祥市利河(he)—南(nan)(nan)泉(quan)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（砷）、韶(shao)關大寶(bao)(bao)山礦區橫石水(shui)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（鎘）、河(he)池市南(nan)(nan)丹縣刁江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（砷、鎘）、黔南(nan)(nan)獨(du)山縣都柳江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（銻）、怒江蘭(lan)坪(ping)縣沘江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（鉛、鎘）、隴南(nan)(nan)徽縣永寧(ning)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)（鉛、砷）。

　　加(jia)強汞污(wu)染控制(zhi)。禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)采用(yong)含(han)汞工藝的(de)電(dian)石(shi)法聚氯乙烯生(sheng)產項(xiang)目，到2020年聚氯乙烯行(xing)(xing)業(ye)每(mei)單位產品用(yong)汞量(liang)在2010年的(de)基礎上減少50%。加(jia)強燃煤電(dian)廠等(deng)重點行(xing)(xing)業(ye)汞污(wu)染排放控制(zhi)。禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)原生(sheng)汞礦，逐步停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原生(sheng)汞開采。淘汰(tai)含(han)汞體(ti)溫計、血壓計等(deng)添汞產品。

　　第三節　提高(gao)危險廢(fei)物處置水平

　　合理配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)安全處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能力。各(ge)省（區、市）應組織開展危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)、利(li)用處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能力和設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運行情況評估，科學(xue)規劃(hua)并實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)集中處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)規劃(hua)，將危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)集中處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)納入當(dang)地公(gong)共基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)統籌(chou)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。鼓勵大型(xing)石油化工等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基地配(pei)(pei)套建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)利(li)用處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。鼓勵產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)量(liang)大、種類單(dan)一的企(qi)業(ye)和園區配(pei)(pei)套建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)收(shou)集貯存、預處(chu)(chu)理和處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，引導(dao)和規范水泥窯(yao)協同處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)。開展典型(xing)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)集中處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)累積性(xing)環(huan)境風險(xian)(xian)(xian)評價與(yu)防控，淘汰一批工藝落后、不符合標準規范的設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，提標改造一批設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，規范管理一批設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　防控危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)環境風險。動態修訂(ding)國家危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)名(ming)錄，開(kai)展(zhan)全國危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)普(pu)查，2020年底前，力爭(zheng)基本摸清全國重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)產(chan)生(sheng)、貯存(cun)、利(li)用(yong)和(he)處置狀況。以(yi)石(shi)化和(he)化工行(xing)業(ye)為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，打(da)擊危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)非法(fa)轉移(yi)和(he)利(li)用(yong)處置違法(fa)犯罪活動。加強(qiang)進口石(shi)化和(he)化工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全監管(guan)(guan)，打(da)擊以(yi)原油(you)(you)、燃料油(you)(you)、潤(run)滑油(you)(you)等產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)義(yi)進口廢(fei)(fei)油(you)(you)等固體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)。繼續開(kai)展(zhan)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)規范化管(guan)(guan)理督查考核，以(yi)含鉻、鉛、汞、鎘、砷等重(zhong)(zhong)金屬廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)和(he)生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)焚燒飛灰、抗生(sheng)素菌(jun)渣、高毒持久性廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)等為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)開(kai)展(zhan)專項(xiang)整治。制定(ding)廢(fei)(fei)鉛蓄電池回收管(guan)(guan)理辦法(fa)。明確(que)危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)利(li)用(yong)處置二次污染控制要求(qiu)及綜合利(li)用(yong)過程(cheng)環境保護要求(qiu)，制定(ding)綜合利(li)用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)中有毒有害物(wu)質含量(liang)限值，促進危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)安全利(li)用(yong)。

　　推進醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)安全處置(zhi)(zhi)。擴大醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)集中處置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施服務范圍(wei)，建立區域醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)協同與應急(ji)處置(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，因地制(zhi)宜推進農村、鄉鎮和(he)偏遠地區醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)安全處置(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)施醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)焚燒設(she)(she)施提(ti)標改造工(gong)程。提(ti)高(gao)規范化管理水(shui)平(ping)，嚴厲打(da)擊(ji)醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)非法買賣等行(xing)為，建立醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)特許經營退(tui)出機(ji)制(zhi)，嚴格落實(shi)醫(yi)療廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)處置(zhi)(zhi)收費政策。

　　第(di)四節　夯實化學品(pin)風險防(fang)控基礎(chu)

　　評(ping)估現(xian)有(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品環境(jing)和(he)健康(kang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。開(kai)展一(yi)批現(xian)有(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品危害(hai)初(chu)步篩查和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估，評(ping)估化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品在(zai)環境(jing)中的積累和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情況。2017年底前(qian)，公(gong)布優(you)先控(kong)制(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品名錄，嚴格限制(zhi)高(gao)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品生(sheng)產、使用(yong)、進口，并逐步淘(tao)汰替代。加強有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品環境(jing)與健康(kang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)估能力(li)建設(she)。

　　削(xue)減(jian)淘汰(tai)公約(yue)管制(zhi)化(hua)學品。到2020年(nian)，基本淘汰(tai)林丹(dan)、全氟(fu)辛基磺酸(suan)及其鹽類和(he)全氟(fu)辛基磺酰(xian)氟(fu)、硫丹(dan)等一批《關于(yu)持(chi)久性(xing)有機污(wu)染物的(de)斯德哥(ge)爾摩公約(yue)》管制(zhi)的(de)化(hua)學品。強化(hua)對擬限制(zhi)或禁止的(de)持(chi)久性(xing)有機污(wu)染物替代品、最佳可行技術以及相關監(jian)測(ce)檢測(ce)設(she)備的(de)研發。

　　嚴格控制環境(jing)激素類(lei)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)污染。2017年(nian)底前，完成環境(jing)激素類(lei)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)生產使用情況調查，監控、評(ping)估(gu)水源地、農產品(pin)種植區及水產品(pin)集中養(yang)殖區風險，實行環境(jing)激素類(lei)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)淘汰、限制、替代等措施。

　　第五節(jie)　加強(qiang)核與輻射安全管理

　　我國(guo)是核(he)能核(he)技術利用大國(guo)。“十三五”期(qi)間(jian)，要強化核(he)安(an)(an)全監(jian)管體系和(he)監(jian)管能力建設，加快推進核(he)安(an)(an)全法治進程(cheng)，落實核(he)安(an)(an)全規劃，依法從(cong)嚴監(jian)管，嚴防發生放射性污染環境(jing)的核(he)事故。

　　提(ti)高核(he)(he)設(she)(she)施(shi)、放射源(yuan)安全(quan)水平。持續提(ti)高核(he)(he)電(dian)廠安全(quan)運行(xing)水平，加強(qiang)在建核(he)(he)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)質量監督，確保新建核(he)(he)電(dian)廠滿(man)足國(guo)際最新核(he)(he)安全(quan)標準。加快研究堆、核(he)(he)燃料循環設(she)(she)施(shi)安全(quan)改進(jin)。優化(hua)核(he)(he)安全(quan)設(she)(she)備許可(ke)管理，提(ti)高核(he)(he)安全(quan)設(she)(she)備質量和可(ke)靠性。實施(shi)加強(qiang)放射源(yuan)安全(quan)行(xing)動計劃(hua)。

　　推進(jin)(jin)放(fang)射性(xing)污染防治。加(jia)快(kuai)老舊核設(she)施(shi)退(tui)役和放(fang)射性(xing)廢物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置(zhi)，進(jin)(jin)一步提升(sheng)放(fang)射性(xing)廢物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置(zhi)能力，落(luo)實廢物(wu)(wu)最小化政策(ce)。推進(jin)(jin)鈾礦(kuang)冶(ye)設(she)施(shi)退(tui)役治理(li)(li)和環境恢復，加(jia)強鈾礦(kuang)冶(ye)和伴(ban)生放(fang)射性(xing)礦(kuang)監督(du)管理(li)(li)。

　　強(qiang)(qiang)化核(he)(he)與(yu)輻(fu)(fu)射安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管體系和能力建設。加強(qiang)(qiang)核(he)(he)與(yu)輻(fu)(fu)射安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管體制機制建設，將核(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)關鍵技術(shu)納入(ru)國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點研(yan)發計劃。強(qiang)(qiang)化國(guo)(guo)家、區域、省級核(he)(he)事故應(ying)急物(wu)資儲備(bei)和能力建設。建成國(guo)(guo)家核(he)(he)與(yu)輻(fu)(fu)射安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管技術(shu)研(yan)發基地(di)。建立國(guo)(guo)家核(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)控預(yu)警和應(ying)急響應(ying)平(ping)臺，完善全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)輻(fu)(fu)射環境監(jian)測網(wang)絡(luo)，加強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)家、省、地(di)市級核(he)(he)與(yu)輻(fu)(fu)射安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管能力。

　　第七章　加大保護力度，強化生態修復(fu)

　　貫(guan)徹“山水(shui)林田(tian)湖(hu)是一個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共同體(ti)”理(li)念，堅持保(bao)(bao)護(hu)優先、自(zi)然恢(hui)復(fu)為(wei)主(zhu)，推進重(zhong)點區域和(he)重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與修(xiu)復(fu)，構(gou)建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態廊道(dao)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網絡(luo)，全面提升各類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統穩(wen)定性(xing)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態服務(wu)功能(neng)，筑牢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態安全屏障。

　　第一(yi)節　維護國家生態(tai)安全

　　系(xi)統維護(hu)國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)。識(shi)別事(shi)關國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)的重(zhong)要區域(yu)，以生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)以及大江大河重(zhong)要水系(xi)為(wei)骨架，以國家(jia)重(zhong)點生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能區為(wei)支撐(cheng)，以國家(jia)禁止開發區域(yu)為(wei)節點，以生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)廊道和生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保(bao)護(hu)網絡為(wei)脈(mo)絡，優(you)先加強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)，維護(hu)國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)。

　　建(jian)(jian)設“兩屏三帶(dai)”國家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)。建(jian)(jian)設青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)，推進青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建(jian)(jian)設與環境(jing)保護(hu)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)好(hao)多樣、獨特的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統。推進黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)—川(chuan)滇生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)建(jian)(jian)設，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)土(tu)(tu)流(liu)失防(fang)(fang)治和(he)天然植被保護(hu)，保障(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)江、黃(huang)河中下游地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。建(jian)(jian)設東北(bei)森(sen)林(lin)帶(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)好(hao)森(sen)林(lin)資源和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性，維(wei)護(hu)東北(bei)平原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。建(jian)(jian)設北(bei)方防(fang)(fang)沙(sha)帶(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)加(jia)強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)林(lin)建(jian)(jian)設、草原(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)和(he)防(fang)(fang)風固沙(sha)，對暫不具備治理條(tiao)件的沙(sha)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)實(shi)行封禁保護(hu)，保障(zhang)(zhang)“三北(bei)”地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。建(jian)(jian)設南(nan)方丘陵山地(di)(di)帶(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)屏障(zhang)(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)加(jia)強(qiang)植被修(xiu)復(fu)和(he)水(shui)土(tu)(tu)流(liu)失防(fang)(fang)治，保障(zhang)(zhang)華南(nan)和(he)西南(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

　　構建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)網絡。深入實(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)戰略與(yu)行(xing)動(dong)計劃(hua)，繼續開展聯合(he)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)十年中(zhong)國(guo)行(xing)動(dong)，編制實(shi)施(shi)地(di)方生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)行(xing)動(dong)計劃(hua)。加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)優先區域管(guan)理，構建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)網絡，完善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)遷地(di)保護(hu)(hu)設施(shi)，實(shi)現對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)的系統保護(hu)(hu)。開展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統服務價值評估與(yu)示范。

　　第二節　管護重點生態區域(yu)

　　深化(hua)國家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)區保(bao)護和(he)管理。制定(ding)國家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)區產業準入負面清(qing)單，制定(ding)區域(yu)限(xian)制和(he)禁止發展的(de)產業目錄。優化(hua)轉移支付政策，強(qiang)化(hua)對區域(yu)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)性和(he)提供(gong)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)產品能(neng)(neng)力的(de)評(ping)價和(he)考核。支持甘(gan)肅生態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全屏(ping)障綜(zong)合(he)示范區建設(she)，推(tui)進沿(yan)黃生態(tai)(tai)(tai)經(jing)濟帶(dai)建設(she)。加快重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)區生態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護與建設(she)項目實施，加強(qiang)對開發建設(she)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)管，保(bao)護區域(yu)內(nei)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)野生動(dong)植物資源，明(ming)顯提升重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)區生態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統服務(wu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

　　優先(xian)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)建設與管理。優化(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)布局(ju)，將重要河湖、海洋、草原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)及水生(sheng)生(sheng)物、自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)遺跡、極(ji)小(xiao)種群(qun)(qun)野生(sheng)植物和(he)極(ji)度(du)瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)物的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)空(kong)缺作(zuo)為(wei)新建自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)重點(dian)，建設自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)群(qun)(qun)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)，全(quan)(quan)面提高自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平。建立全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)“天地(di)一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)”動(dong)態(tai)(tai)(tai)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)體(ti)系(xi)，利用遙感等手段開(kai)展監(jian)(jian)測(ce)，國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)每年監(jian)(jian)測(ce)兩(liang)次，省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)每年監(jian)(jian)測(ce)一次。定期組織自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)專項執(zhi)法檢查(cha)，嚴肅查(cha)處違法違規活動(dong)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)問責監(jian)(jian)督(du)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)綜合(he)科(ke)學(xue)考察(cha)、基(ji)礎(chu)調查(cha)和(he)管理評(ping)估。積極(ji)推(tui)進全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍界(jie)限核準和(he)勘界(jie)立標工(gong)作(zuo)，開(kai)展自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)土地(di)確(que)權和(he)用途管制，有步驟地(di)對居住在自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)核心區(qu)(qu)和(he)緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)居民實(shi)施生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)移民。到2020年，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)陸地(di)面積占我國(guo)(guo)陸地(di)國(guo)(guo)土面積的(de)(de)比例穩定在15%左右，國(guo)(guo)家重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)植物種類和(he)典(dian)型生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)類型得到保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)占90%以上。

　　整(zheng)合(he)(he)設(she)立(li)一(yi)批(pi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公園(yuan)。加(jia)強(qiang)對國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公園(yuan)試點(dian)的(de)指導，在試點(dian)基礎上研(yan)究制(zhi)(zhi)定建立(li)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公園(yuan)體制(zhi)(zhi)總(zong)體方案。合(he)(he)理界定國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公園(yuan)范(fan)圍，整(zheng)合(he)(he)完(wan)善分類科(ke)學、保護有力的(de)自(zi)然保護地(di)體系，更好地(di)保護自(zi)然生態和(he)自(zi)然文化遺產原真性(xing)、完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)。加(jia)強(qiang)風景名勝區(qu)、自(zi)然文化遺產、森林公園(yuan)、沙漠公園(yuan)、地(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)等各類保護地(di)規劃、建設(she)和(he)管理的(de)統籌(chou)協調，提高保護管理效(xiao)能(neng)。

　　第三節　保(bao)護重(zhong)要生(sheng)態系(xi)統

　　保(bao)護(hu)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系統(tong)。完善天(tian)然林(lin)保(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，強化天(tian)然林(lin)保(bao)護(hu)和撫育，健全(quan)(quan)和落實(shi)天(tian)然林(lin)管(guan)護(hu)體系，加強管(guan)護(hu)基礎(chu)設施建設，實(shi)現管(guan)護(hu)區域全(quan)(quan)覆蓋(gai)，全(quan)(quan)面停(ting)止天(tian)然林(lin)商(shang)業性采伐。繼續實(shi)施森(sen)林(lin)管(guan)護(hu)和培育、公(gong)益(yi)林(lin)建設補助政(zheng)策。嚴格保(bao)護(hu)林(lin)地資源，分(fen)級分(fen)類(lei)進行林(lin)地用途管(guan)制。到2020年，林(lin)地保(bao)有量達到31230萬公(gong)頃。

　　推(tui)進森(sen)林質量(liang)精準提(ti)升。堅持(chi)保護優先(xian)、自然(ran)恢(hui)復(fu)為主，堅持(chi)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)質量(liang)并重、質量(liang)優先(xian)，堅持(chi)封山育林、人工造林并舉(ju)，宜(yi)(yi)封則(ze)封、宜(yi)(yi)造則(ze)造，宜(yi)(yi)林則(ze)林、宜(yi)(yi)灌則(ze)灌、宜(yi)(yi)草則(ze)草，強化森(sen)林經營，大力培育混交(jiao)林，推(tui)進退化林修復(fu)，優化森(sen)林組成、結構和(he)功能。到2020年，混交(jiao)林占比達到45%，單位面積(ji)森(sen)林蓄積(ji)量(liang)達到95立方米/公(gong)頃，森(sen)林植(zhi)被(bei)碳(tan)儲(chu)量(liang)達到95億(yi)噸。

　　保護草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統。穩定和完善草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)承包經營(ying)制度，實行(xing)基(ji)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)保護制度，落實草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)畜平衡、禁牧(mu)休(xiu)牧(mu)和劃區輪牧(mu)等制度。嚴格草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)用途管制，加(jia)強(qiang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)管護員隊(dui)伍(wu)建設(she)，嚴厲打擊非法征占用草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、開墾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、亂采濫(lan)挖草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)野生(sheng)(sheng)植物等破壞(huai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)的違法犯罪行(xing)為。開展草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源調(diao)查和統計(ji)，建立草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)監(jian)測預警(jing)系(xi)統。加(jia)強(qiang)“三化”草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)治理，防治鼠蟲草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)害。到2020年，治理“三化”草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)3000萬公(gong)頃。

　　保(bao)護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)統。開展濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)效(xiao)益補償(chang)試點、退耕還濕(shi)(shi)(shi)試點。在國際(ji)和國家重要(yao)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)自然保(bao)護(hu)區、國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園，實施濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)與修復工程(cheng)，逐步恢(hui)復濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)功能，擴大(da)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)。提(ti)升濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)與管理能力(li)。

　　第四(si)節　提升生態系統功能

　　大規(gui)模(mo)綠(lv)化國(guo)土。開展大規(gui)模(mo)國(guo)土綠(lv)化行動，加(jia)強農田林網建設，建設配置合理、結構(gou)穩定、功能完善的城鄉綠(lv)地，形(xing)成沿(yan)海、沿(yan)江(jiang)、沿(yan)線、沿(yan)邊(bian)、沿(yan)湖(hu)（庫）、沿(yan)島的國(guo)土綠(lv)化網格，促進山(shan)脈、平原、河湖(hu)、城市、鄉村綠(lv)化協同。

　　繼續實(shi)施新一輪(lun)退(tui)耕還(huan)林還(huan)草(cao)和(he)退(tui)牧(mu)(mu)還(huan)草(cao)。擴(kuo)大新一輪(lun)退(tui)耕還(huan)林還(huan)草(cao)范圍和(he)規(gui)模，在具(ju)備條件(jian)的25度以上坡耕地(di)(di)、嚴(yan)重(zhong)沙化耕地(di)(di)和(he)重(zhong)要水源地(di)(di)15—25度坡耕地(di)(di)實(shi)施退(tui)耕還(huan)林還(huan)草(cao)。實(shi)施全(quan)國(guo)退(tui)牧(mu)(mu)還(huan)草(cao)工程建設規(gui)劃，穩(wen)定擴(kuo)大退(tui)牧(mu)(mu)還(huan)草(cao)范圍，轉變草(cao)原畜牧(mu)(mu)業生(sheng)產方式，建設草(cao)原保(bao)護基礎設施，保(bao)護和(he)改善(shan)天然草(cao)原生(sheng)態。

　　建(jian)設防(fang)(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系(xi)。加(jia)強“三北(bei)”、長江(jiang)(jiang)、珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)、太行山、沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)等防(fang)(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系(xi)建(jian)設。“三北(bei)”地(di)區(qu)喬(qiao)灌草相結(jie)合，突(tu)出重(zhong)點、規模治理(li)、整體推進(jin)(jin)。長江(jiang)(jiang)流域推進(jin)(jin)退(tui)化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復(fu)，提高森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)質量，構建(jian)“兩湖一庫”防(fang)(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系(xi)。珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流域推進(jin)(jin)退(tui)化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復(fu)。太行山脈優化林(lin)(lin)(lin)分(fen)結(jie)構。沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)地(di)區(qu)推進(jin)(jin)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)基干林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)和消浪林(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)設，修復(fu)退(tui)化林(lin)(lin)(lin)，完善沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系(xi)和防(fang)(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)體系(xi)。在(zai)糧食主產區(qu)營(ying)造農田(tian)林(lin)(lin)(lin)網，加(jia)強村鎮綠化，提高平原農區(qu)防(fang)(fang)護林(lin)(lin)(lin)體系(xi)綜合功能。

　　建(jian)設(she)儲備林(lin)。在水土光(guang)熱條件較好的(de)南方省區和(he)其他適(shi)宜地(di)區，吸引社(she)會資本參與儲備林(lin)投(tou)資、運(yun)營和(he)管理，加快推(tui)進(jin)儲備林(lin)建(jian)設(she)。在東北、內蒙(meng)古等重(zhong)點國(guo)有(you)林(lin)區，采(cai)取人工(gong)林(lin)集約栽培(pei)(pei)、現有(you)林(lin)改(gai)培(pei)(pei)、撫育及補植補造等措施，建(jian)設(she)以(yi)用材林(lin)和(he)珍貴樹種培(pei)(pei)育為主體的(de)儲備林(lin)基(ji)地(di)。到2020年(nian)，建(jian)設(she)儲備林(lin)1400萬公頃(qing)，每年(nian)新增木材供應能(neng)力9500萬立方米以(yi)上。

　　培(pei)育(yu)國土綠(lv)化(hua)新(xin)機制。繼續堅持全(quan)國動(dong)員(yuan)、全(quan)民(min)動(dong)手、全(quan)社會(hui)搞綠(lv)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)方(fang)(fang)針，鼓(gu)勵家庭(ting)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)合作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)織、企業(ye)、社會(hui)組(zu)(zu)織、個人開展專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)規模化(hua)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)。發揮(hui)國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區和林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)在(zai)綠(lv)化(hua)國土中的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)作(zuo)用，開展多種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)外合作(zuo)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)和森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保育(yu)經營，鼓(gu)勵國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)擔負區域(yu)國土綠(lv)化(hua)和生態修復主體(ti)任(ren)務(wu)。創新(xin)產權模式(shi)，鼓(gu)勵地(di)方(fang)(fang)探(tan)索(suo)在(zai)重(zhong)要生態區域(yu)通過贖(shu)買、置換等方(fang)(fang)式(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)商品林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)為公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)政策。

　　第五節　修復生態退化地區(qu)

　　綜合治理水土(tu)(tu)(tu)流失。加(jia)強(qiang)長(chang)江中(zhong)上游(you)、黃河中(zhong)上游(you)、西南(nan)巖溶(rong)區、東北(bei)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)區等重點區域水土(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)持(chi)工程建設(she)，加(jia)強(qiang)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原地區溝(gou)壑區固溝(gou)保(bao)塬(yuan)工作，推進東北(bei)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)區侵蝕(shi)溝(gou)治理，加(jia)快南(nan)方丘陵(ling)地帶崩崗治理，積(ji)極開展生態清潔(jie)小流域建設(she)。

　　推(tui)進(jin)荒(huang)漠化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)漠化(hua)(hua)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。加快實施(shi)(shi)全國防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)規劃，開(kai)展(zhan)固沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)，加大對主要風(feng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源區、風(feng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)口、沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)塵路(lu)徑區、沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)化(hua)(hua)擴展(zhan)活躍區等治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)力度，加強“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”沿(yan)線防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)，推(tui)進(jin)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)化(hua)(hua)土地封(feng)禁保(bao)護區和防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)綜合示(shi)范(fan)區建設。繼續實施(shi)(shi)京(jing)津風(feng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)二期(qi)工(gong)程，進(jin)一(yi)步遏制沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)塵危害。以(yi)“一(yi)片(pian)兩(liang)江”（滇桂黔石(shi)(shi)漠化(hua)(hua)片(pian)區和長江、珠江）巖溶(rong)地區為重點，開(kai)展(zhan)石(shi)(shi)漠化(hua)(hua)綜合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。到2020年，努力建成10個百萬畝(mu)、100個十(shi)萬畝(mu)、1000個萬畝(mu)防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)基地。

　　加強(qiang)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山地(di)(di)質環境保護與生態恢(hui)復。嚴格實施礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產資源開(kai)發(fa)環境影響評(ping)價，建設(she)(she)綠色礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山。加大礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山植被恢(hui)復和(he)地(di)(di)質環境綜(zong)合(he)治理，開(kai)展病危險尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)和(he)“頭頂庫(ku)”（1公里(li)內(nei)有居民(min)或重要設(she)(she)施的(de)尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)）專項整治，強(qiang)化歷史遺留礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山地(di)(di)質環境恢(hui)復和(he)綜(zong)合(he)治理。推廣實施尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)充(chong)填開(kai)采(cai)等技術，建設(she)(she)一批“無(wu)尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山”（通過(guo)有效手段實現(xian)無(wu)尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)或僅有少量尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)占地(di)(di)堆存的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山），推進工礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)廢棄地(di)(di)修復利用。

　　第六節　擴大(da)生態產品供給

　　推進(jin)綠(lv)色產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建設。加強(qiang)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)源(yuan)基(ji)地(di)(di)建設，加快(kuai)(kuai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型升級，促進(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高端化、品(pin)牌化、特(te)色化、定制化，滿(man)足人民(min)群(qun)眾對優質綠(lv)色產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)需求。建設一(yi)批具有影(ying)響力的(de)花卉苗木示范基(ji)地(di)(di)，發展(zhan)一(yi)批增收帶動(dong)能力強(qiang)的(de)木本(ben)糧油、特(te)色經濟(ji)林(lin)、林(lin)下經濟(ji)、林(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、沙(sha)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、野生動(dong)物馴(xun)養繁殖(zhi)利用示范基(ji)地(di)(di)。加快(kuai)(kuai)發展(zhan)和(he)提(ti)升森林(lin)旅游(you)休閑康(kang)養、濕地(di)(di)度假、沙(sha)漠(mo)探秘(mi)、野生動(dong)物觀賞等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，加快(kuai)(kuai)林(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)、林(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)裝備制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術改造(zao)和(he)創新，打造(zao)一(yi)批競爭力強(qiang)、特(te)色鮮(xian)明的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)和(he)示范園區，建立綠(lv)色產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)全國(guo)重點林(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場監(jian)測預警體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。

　　構建生(sheng)態公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)網絡。加大自(zi)然保護地、生(sheng)態體驗地的公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)力度(du)，開發和(he)提供優質的生(sheng)態教(jiao)育、游憩(qi)休閑、健康養生(sheng)養老等(deng)生(sheng)態服(fu)(fu)務(wu)產品。加快建設(she)(she)生(sheng)態標(biao)志(zhi)系統(tong)、綠(lv)道網絡、環衛、安全等(deng)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，精心設(she)(she)計打造(zao)以森林(lin)、濕地、沙漠、野生(sheng)動植物棲(qi)息地、花卉苗木為景觀依(yi)托的生(sheng)態體驗精品旅(lv)游線路，集(ji)中建設(she)(she)一批公(gong)(gong)共(gong)營地、生(sheng)態驛站，提高(gao)生(sheng)態體驗產品檔(dang)次(ci)和(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)水(shui)平。

　　加強(qiang)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區和世(shi)界遺產(chan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)與管理(li)。開展(zhan)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區資源普查，穩步做好世(shi)界自然遺產(chan)、自然與文化雙遺產(chan)培育(yu)與申(shen)報。強(qiang)化風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區和世(shi)界遺產(chan)的管理(li)，實施遙感動態監(jian)測，嚴格控制利用(yong)(yong)方式和強(qiang)度。加大保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)投入，加強(qiang)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)利用(yong)(yong)設施建設。

　　維護修復城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)態系統。提(ti)高(gao)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性，加(jia)強城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)保(bao)護，完(wan)善(shan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)線管理。優化(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)布局，建(jian)設綠(lv)(lv)道(dao)綠(lv)(lv)廊，使城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)森林、綠(lv)(lv)地(di)、水系、河湖、耕地(di)形成(cheng)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)生(sheng)態網絡(luo)。擴大綠(lv)(lv)地(di)、水域等生(sheng)態空間，合(he)理規劃建(jian)設各(ge)類城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)，推(tui)廣立體(ti)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)、屋頂(ding)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)。開(kai)展城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)體(ti)、水體(ti)、廢棄地(di)、綠(lv)(lv)地(di)修復，通過自然(ran)(ran)恢復和人工修復相結合(he)的(de)措施，實施城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態修復示范工程(cheng)項目(mu)。加(jia)強城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)邊和城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)，實施“退(tui)工還林”，成(cheng)片建(jian)設城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)森林。大力提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)覆蓋率(lv)，加(jia)快老舊公(gong)園改造，提(ti)升公(gong)園綠(lv)(lv)地(di)服務功(gong)能。推(tui)行(xing)生(sheng)態綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)方式，廣植(zhi)當地(di)樹種，喬灌草合(he)理搭配、自然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)長。加(jia)強古(gu)樹名木(mu)保(bao)護，嚴禁移植(zhi)天然(ran)(ran)大樹進城(cheng)。發展森林城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、園林城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、森林小鎮。到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人均公(gong)園綠(lv)(lv)地(di)面積達(da)到(dao)(dao)14.6平方米(mi)，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)38.9%。

　　第七節　保護(hu)生物多(duo)樣性

　　開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)本(ben)底(di)調(diao)查和(he)觀測(ce)(ce)。實施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保護重(zhong)(zhong)大工程，以生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保護優先(xian)區域為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)、遺(yi)傳(chuan)資(zi)源及(ji)相關傳(chuan)統(tong)知(zhi)識調(diao)查與評(ping)估，建(jian)立全國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)數據(ju)庫和(he)信息(xi)平臺。到(dao)2020年，基本(ben)摸(mo)清(qing)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保護優先(xian)區域本(ben)底(di)狀況。完善生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)體(ti)系，開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)綜合觀測(ce)(ce)站和(he)觀測(ce)(ce)樣(yang)區建(jian)設(she)。對重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類群(qun)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)、國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)及(ji)其棲息(xi)地開(kai)展常態(tai)化觀測(ce)(ce)、監(jian)測(ce)(ce)、評(ping)價和(he)預警。

　　實施(shi)瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)搶救(jiu)性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、修(xiu)復(fu)和擴(kuo)大珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)棲息(xi)地、原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區（點(dian)），優先實施(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)和極小種群野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程，開(kai)發瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)種繁育、恢復(fu)和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)技術，加強珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)救(jiu)護(hu)(hu)、繁育和野(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)放歸，開(kai)展長江經濟帶及重(zhong)點(dian)流域人(ren)工(gong)種群野(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)放歸試點(dian)示(shi)范，科學進行珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)再引入。優化(hua)(hua)全國(guo)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)救(jiu)護(hu)(hu)網(wang)絡(luo)，完善布局并建設(she)一(yi)批(pi)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)救(jiu)護(hu)(hu)繁育中心，建設(she)蘭科植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)等珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)人(ren)工(gong)繁育中心。強化(hua)(hua)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)及其(qi)制(zhi)品(pin)利(li)用監管，開(kai)展野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)繁育利(li)用及其(qi)制(zhi)品(pin)的(de)認證標識。調整(zheng)修(xiu)訂國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)名錄。

　　加(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。建立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及相關傳統知(zhi)識獲(huo)取與惠益分(fen)享(xiang)制度，規范(fan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采集、保(bao)(bao)存、交換、合作研究(jiu)和開發利(li)用(yong)活動(dong)(dong)，加(jia)強(qiang)與遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相關傳統知(zhi)識保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)價(jia)值(zhi)評估，加(jia)強(qiang)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發掘、整理、檢(jian)測、培育(yu)和性(xing)狀評價(jia)，篩選優(you)良(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳基(ji)因(yin)。強(qiang)化野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)基(ji)因(yin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，建設野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)人工種(zhong)群保(bao)(bao)育(yu)基(ji)地和基(ji)因(yin)庫。完善西南部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)庫，新建中(zhong)東部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)庫，收集保(bao)(bao)存國家(jia)特有(you)、珍(zhen)稀瀕危及具有(you)重(zhong)要價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。建設藥(yao)用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、農作物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花卉種(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、林木種(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)長期保(bao)(bao)存庫（圃），合理規劃和建設植物(wu)(wu)(wu)園、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繁育(yu)中(zhong)心。

　　強(qiang)化野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物進出口管理。加強(qiang)生(sheng)物遺傳資(zi)源、野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物及其制品進出口管理，建(jian)立部門信(xin)息(xi)共享、聯(lian)(lian)防聯(lian)(lian)控的(de)工作(zuo)機制，建(jian)立和(he)(he)完善(shan)進出口電(dian)子信(xin)息(xi)網絡(luo)系統(tong)。嚴厲(li)打(da)擊(ji)象牙等野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物制品非法(fa)交易，構建(jian)情報信(xin)息(xi)分(fen)析研究和(he)(he)共享平(ping)臺，組建(jian)打(da)擊(ji)非法(fa)交易犯罪(zui)合作(zuo)機制，嚴控特有、珍稀、瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物種質資(zi)源流失(shi)。

　　防(fang)范生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)風險。加(jia)強對(dui)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)疫病的防(fang)護。建立健全(quan)(quan)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)(quan)動態(tai)(tai)(tai)監測(ce)預警體系，定期對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)風險開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)調查評估。加(jia)強轉基因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環境(jing)釋(shi)放監管(guan)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)轉基因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環境(jing)釋(shi)放風險評價(jia)和跟(gen)蹤監測(ce)。建設(she)國(guo)門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)保護網(wang)，完善(shan)國(guo)門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)查驗機制，嚴格外(wai)來物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)引入管(guan)理。嚴防(fang)嚴控外(wai)來有害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)入侵(qin)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)外(wai)來入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)普(pu)查、監測(ce)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)影響評價(jia)，對(dui)造成(cheng)重大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)危害的外(wai)來入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)治理和清除。

　第八章　加快制度創新，積極推(tui)進治理體系和治理能力現(xian)代化

　　統籌推進生(sheng)態環(huan)境治(zhi)理體系建(jian)設，以環(huan)保(bao)督察巡視、編制(zhi)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)產(chan)負債表、領導干(gan)部(bu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)產(chan)離任(ren)審計(ji)、生(sheng)態環(huan)境損(sun)害(hai)責任(ren)追究(jiu)等(deng)(deng)落實地方環(huan)境保(bao)護責任(ren)，以環(huan)境司法、排污許可、損(sun)害(hai)賠償(chang)等(deng)(deng)落實企業主(zhu)體責任(ren)，加強信息公(gong)開，推進公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟，強化綠(lv)色金融等(deng)(deng)市場激勵機制(zhi)，形成政府、企業、公(gong)眾共治(zhi)的治(zhi)理體系。

　　第一節(jie)　健全法治體(ti)系

　　完(wan)善(shan)法律(lv)法規。積極(ji)推進資源環境類(lei)法律(lv)法規制修訂。適時完(wan)善(shan)水污染防(fang)治、環境噪聲污染防(fang)治、土壤(rang)污染防(fang)治、生(sheng)態保護補償、自然保護區等相(xiang)關制度。

　　嚴(yan)格環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)督(du)(du)。完善環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)督(du)(du)機制(zhi)，推進聯合執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、區域執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、交叉執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，強化執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)督(du)(du)和責任追究。進一步明確環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)部(bu)(bu)門(men)行政(zheng)調查、行政(zheng)處罰、行政(zheng)強制(zhi)等職責，有序整(zheng)合不(bu)同(tong)領(ling)域、不(bu)同(tong)部(bu)(bu)門(men)、不(bu)同(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)督(du)(du)力(li)量，推動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力(li)量向基層(ceng)(ceng)延伸。

　　推進環(huan)境(jing)(jing)司法。健(jian)全行政執法和環(huan)境(jing)(jing)司法的(de)銜接機制，完善程序銜接、案(an)件移(yi)送、申(shen)請(qing)強制執行等方面規定，加強環(huan)保部門與公安機關(guan)、人民檢察院和人民法院的(de)溝通協調。健(jian)全環(huan)境(jing)(jing)案(an)件審(shen)理制度。積極(ji)配合司法機關(guan)做(zuo)好相關(guan)司法解釋的(de)制修訂工(gong)作。

　　第(di)二節　完善市(shi)場機制

　　推行排污權(quan)交易制度(du)(du)。建立健全排污權(quan)初始(shi)分配和交易制度(du)(du)，落實(shi)排污權(quan)有(you)(you)償(chang)使用(yong)制度(du)(du)，推進(jin)排污權(quan)有(you)(you)償(chang)使用(yong)和交易試(shi)點，加強排污權(quan)交易平(ping)臺建設。鼓勵新建項目(mu)污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)指(zhi)標通過交易方式取得，且(qie)不得增加本(ben)地區污染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)總量。推行用(yong)能預算管理制度(du)(du)，開展(zhan)用(yong)能權(quan)有(you)(you)償(chang)使用(yong)和交易試(shi)點。

　　發(fa)揮財(cai)政(zheng)稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)政(zheng)策引導作用(yong)(yong)。開(kai)征環(huan)境保(bao)護稅(shui)(shui)。全面推進資源(yuan)稅(shui)(shui)改革，逐步將(jiang)資源(yuan)稅(shui)(shui)擴展(zhan)到(dao)占用(yong)(yong)各種自(zi)然生態(tai)空(kong)間(jian)范疇。落實環(huan)境保(bao)護、生態(tai)建設、新能源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)的稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)優惠政(zheng)策。研究(jiu)制定重點(dian)危險廢物集(ji)中(zhong)處置設施、場所的退役費用(yong)(yong)預提政(zheng)策。

　　深(shen)化資(zi)源環境價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)改革(ge)。完(wan)善(shan)資(zi)源環境價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)，全面反映市場(chang)供求(qiu)、資(zi)源稀缺程(cheng)度(du)、生態環境損害成本和修復效益等因素。落實調整(zheng)污水(shui)處理費和水(shui)資(zi)源費征收(shou)標準(zhun)政(zheng)策(ce)，提高垃(la)圾處理費收(shou)繳(jiao)率，完(wan)善(shan)再生水(shui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)。研究完(wan)善(shan)燃煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)，加(jia)大高耗能、高耗水(shui)、高污染行業差別(bie)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)等政(zheng)策(ce)實施力度(du)。

　　加快環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)市(shi)場主體培育。探索環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)項目與(yu)(yu)經營開發(fa)項目組合(he)開發(fa)模(mo)式(shi)，健全(quan)社(she)會資(zi)本投(tou)資(zi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)回報機制。深化環(huan)(huan)(huan)境服(fu)務試點，創新區域環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)一(yi)體化、環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)“互聯網+”、環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)物聯網等污(wu)染治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)，鼓勵各類投(tou)資(zi)進(jin)入環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)市(shi)場。廢止各類妨礙(ai)形成全(quan)國統(tong)一(yi)市(shi)場和(he)公平競(jing)爭的制度規定，加強環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)市(shi)場信用體系建設，規范(fan)市(shi)場環(huan)(huan)(huan)境。鼓勵推行環(huan)(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)依效付費與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境績效合(he)同(tong)服(fu)務。

　　建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)色金(jin)融(rong)體系。建(jian)立(li)綠(lv)(lv)色評(ping)級體系以及(ji)公益性(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)成本核算和影(ying)響評(ping)估體系，明確貸(dai)款(kuan)人(ren)盡(jin)職免責(ze)要求和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護法(fa)律責(ze)任。鼓勵各類金(jin)融(rong)機構(gou)加(jia)大(da)綠(lv)(lv)色信貸(dai)發(fa)放力度。在環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)高風險領域建(jian)立(li)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染強制責(ze)任保(bao)險制度。研究設立(li)綠(lv)(lv)色股票指數和發(fa)展相關投資產(chan)品(pin)。鼓勵銀(yin)行和企(qi)業發(fa)行綠(lv)(lv)色債券(quan)，鼓勵對綠(lv)(lv)色信貸(dai)資產(chan)實(shi)行證券(quan)化(hua)。加(jia)大(da)風險補償力度，支(zhi)持開展排污(wu)權、收費權、購買(mai)服務協(xie)議抵押等擔保(bao)貸(dai)款(kuan)業務。支(zhi)持設立(li)市場化(hua)運作的(de)各類綠(lv)(lv)色發(fa)展基金(jin)。

　　加(jia)快建(jian)立多元(yuan)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制。加(jia)大對重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)轉(zhuan)移支(zhi)付(fu)力度(du)，合理提(ti)高補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)標準，向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態敏(min)感(gan)和(he)脆弱地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、流域(yu)(yu)(yu)傾斜(xie)，推進有關(guan)轉(zhuan)移支(zhi)付(fu)分配與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)成效掛鉤，探索資(zi)金、政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、產業及技術等多元(yuan)互補(bu)(bu)方式(shi)。完善補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)范(fan)圍，逐步實現森林、草原、濕(shi)地(di)、荒漠(mo)、河(he)流、海洋(yang)和(he)耕地(di)等重點(dian)領域(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)禁止開(kai)發區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)、重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)等重要區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)全覆蓋。中央財政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)持引導建(jian)立跨省域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態受益地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、流域(yu)(yu)(yu)上游(you)與(yu)下(xia)游(you)的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制，推進省級區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)內橫(heng)向(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)。在長江(jiang)、黃河(he)等重要河(he)流探索開(kai)展(zhan)橫(heng)向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)試點(dian)。深入推進南水(shui)北(bei)調(diao)中線工程水(shui)源區(qu)(qu)(qu)對口支(zhi)援、新安江(jiang)水(shui)環境(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)態補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)試點(dian)，推動在京津冀(ji)水(shui)源涵(han)養區(qu)(qu)(qu)、廣西(xi)(xi)廣東九(jiu)洲江(jiang)、福(fu)建(jian)廣東汀江(jiang)—韓江(jiang)、江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)廣東東江(jiang)、云南貴州廣西(xi)(xi)廣東西(xi)(xi)江(jiang)等開(kai)展(zhan)跨地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)試點(dian)。到(dao)2017年，建(jian)立京津冀(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)(chang)機(ji)制，將北(bei)京、天津支(zhi)持河(he)北(bei)開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態建(jian)設與(yu)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)制度(du)化(hua)。

　　第三節　落(luo)實(shi)地方責任

　　落實(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。建立健全職責(ze)(ze)(ze)明晰(xi)、分工合(he)理的環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任體系，加強監(jian)督檢查，推動(dong)落實(shi)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)(hu)黨政(zheng)(zheng)同責(ze)(ze)(ze)、一崗雙責(ze)(ze)(ze)。省級(ji)人民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)(dui)本行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和資源保護(hu)(hu)負(fu)總責(ze)(ze)(ze)，對(dui)(dui)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)保負(fu)相應責(ze)(ze)(ze)任，統(tong)籌推進區(qu)域(yu)(yu)環(huan)境(jing)基本公共服務均等化(hua)，市級(ji)人民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)強化(hua)統(tong)籌和綜合(he)管(guan)理職責(ze)(ze)(ze)，區(qu)縣(xian)人民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)執(zhi)行(xing)落實(shi)。

　　改(gai)革生態環(huan)境保護(hu)體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)。積(ji)極(ji)推行(xing)省以下(xia)環(huan)保機構監(jian)測監(jian)察執法垂直(zhi)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革試點，加強對(dui)地方政府及其(qi)相關部門環(huan)保履(lv)責(ze)情(qing)況的(de)監(jian)督檢查。建立區(qu)域(yu)(yu)流域(yu)(yu)聯防聯控和城鄉協同(tong)的(de)治理(li)模式。建立和完善(shan)嚴格監(jian)管(guan)所有污染物排放的(de)環(huan)境保護(hu)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。

　　推(tui)進戰略(lve)和規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)。在完成京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠(zhu)三角地區及長江(jiang)經(jing)濟帶、“一帶一路”戰略(lve)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)基礎上(shang)，穩步推(tui)進省、市(shi)兩(liang)級(ji)行政區戰略(lve)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)。探(tan)索開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)重大政策環(huan)(huan)(huan)境影響(xiang)論證試點(dian)。嚴格開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)開(kai)(kai)發建(jian)設(she)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)，作為規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編制、審(shen)批(pi)(pi)、實施的重要(yao)依據(ju)。深(shen)入開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)城市(shi)、新區總體規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)，強(qiang)化規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)生態(tai)空(kong)間保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，完善規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)會商(shang)機制。以(yi)產業園區規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)為重點(dian)，推(tui)進空(kong)間和環(huan)(huan)(huan)境準入的清單管(guan)(guan)理(li)，探(tan)索園區內建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)改革。加強(qiang)項(xiang)目環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)與規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)聯動，建(jian)設(she)四級(ji)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)部門環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)信(xin)息聯網系統。地方(fang)政府和有關部門要(yao)依據(ju)戰略(lve)、規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)，把空(kong)間管(guan)(guan)制、總量管(guan)(guan)控和環(huan)(huan)(huan)境準入等(deng)要(yao)求(qiu)轉化為區域開(kai)(kai)發和保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的剛性約束。嚴格規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)責任(ren)追究，加強(qiang)對地方(fang)政府和有關部門規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)工作開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)情況(kuang)的監督(du)。

　　編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)表(biao)(biao)。探(tan)索(suo)(suo)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)表(biao)(biao)，建(jian)立(li)實(shi)物量核(he)(he)算賬戶，建(jian)立(li)生態環(huan)境(jing)價(jia)值評估制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，開展生態環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)清查與核(he)(he)算。實(shi)行(xing)領導干部(bu)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)離任(ren)審(shen)計(ji)，推動地方領導干部(bu)落實(shi)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)管理責(ze)任(ren)。在完成編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)表(biao)(biao)試點基礎(chu)上，逐步建(jian)立(li)健全自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)表(biao)(biao)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，在國家層面(mian)探(tan)索(suo)(suo)形成主要自然(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)價(jia)值量核(he)(he)算技術(shu)方法(fa)。

　　建立資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)監測預警機制(zhi)。研究制(zhi)定(ding)監測評(ping)價、預警指標體系和技術方法，開展(zhan)資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)監測預警與成因解析，對資源(yuan)消耗和環(huan)境(jing)(jing)容(rong)量接近(jin)或超(chao)過(guo)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)地區實(shi)行預警提醒和差異化的(de)(de)限制(zhi)性措施，嚴格(ge)約束開發(fa)活動在資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)范圍內。各省(sheng)（區、市）應組織開展(zhan)市、縣域資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)現狀(zhuang)評(ping)價，超(chao)過(guo)承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)地區要調整發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃和產業結構。

　　實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)績效評(ping)價考核(he)(he)。貫徹落(luo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設目(mu)標(biao)評(ping)價考核(he)(he)辦法(fa)，建(jian)立體(ti)現生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)要求的目(mu)標(biao)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)、考核(he)(he)辦法(fa)、獎懲機制，把資源(yuan)消耗、環境損害(hai)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)效益納入地方各級政(zheng)府經濟社會發(fa)展評(ping)價體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，對不同區域主體(ti)功能(neng)定位實(shi)行(xing)差異化績效評(ping)價考核(he)(he)。

　　開展環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督察。推(tui)動(dong)地(di)(di)方(fang)落實(shi)生態環保(bao)(bao)主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)，開展環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)督察，重(zhong)(zhong)點檢查環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)呈現(xian)惡(e)化趨勢的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)流域(yu)(yu)及(ji)(ji)整治(zhi)情況(kuang)(kuang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點督察地(di)(di)方(fang)黨委和政(zheng)府及(ji)(ji)其有關部門環保(bao)(bao)不作(zuo)為(wei)、亂作(zuo)為(wei)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點了解地(di)(di)方(fang)落實(shi)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)黨政(zheng)同責(ze)(ze)、一崗雙責(ze)(ze)以及(ji)(ji)嚴格責(ze)(ze)任(ren)追究等情況(kuang)(kuang)，推(tui)動(dong)地(di)(di)方(fang)生態文明(ming)建設和環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)，促進綠色(se)發展。

　　建(jian)立生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境損害(hai)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)終身追(zhui)究制(zhi)。建(jian)立重(zhong)大決(jue)策終身責(ze)(ze)任(ren)追(zhui)究及責(ze)(ze)任(ren)倒(dao)查機制(zhi)，對在生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和資源方(fang)面造成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)破壞負(fu)有責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的干部(bu)不(bu)得提拔使用(yong)或者轉任(ren)重(zhong)要職務，對構(gou)成(cheng)犯罪的依法追(zhui)究刑事(shi)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。實(shi)行(xing)領(ling)導干部(bu)自然資源資產離(li)任(ren)審計，對領(ling)導干部(bu)離(li)任(ren)后出(chu)現重(zhong)大生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境損害(hai)并認(ren)定其應(ying)承擔責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的，實(shi)行(xing)終身追(zhui)責(ze)(ze)。

　　第四節　加強(qiang)企業(ye)監管

　　建立(li)覆蓋所(suo)有(you)固(gu)定污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染源的(de)企(qi)業排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)制度(du)(du)。全面推行(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)，以(yi)改善(shan)(shan)環境質量(liang)、防(fang)范環境風險為目標(biao)，將污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)種(zhong)類(lei)、濃度(du)(du)、總量(liang)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)去向(xiang)等納(na)入許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)證管理范圍(wei)，企(qi)業按排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)證規(gui)定生產、排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治理責任體(ti)系(xi)，環境保護部門對照排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)證要(yao)求對企(qi)業排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)為實施監管執法。2017年底前，完(wan)成(cheng)重點行(xing)(xing)業及產能過剩行(xing)(xing)業企(qi)業許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)證核(he)發，建成(cheng)全國排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)管理信息(xi)平臺。到2020年，全國基本完(wan)成(cheng)排(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)管理名錄規(gui)定行(xing)(xing)業企(qi)業的(de)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)證核(he)發。

　　激(ji)(ji)勵和(he)約束企業(ye)(ye)主動(dong)落實(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)保責任。建立企業(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)評價和(he)違(wei)法(fa)排(pai)污黑名(ming)單制度，企業(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)違(wei)法(fa)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)將(jiang)記入(ru)社(she)會誠信(xin)(xin)檔案(an)，向社(she)會公開。建立上(shang)市公司環(huan)(huan)保信(xin)(xin)息(xi)強制性披露(lu)機(ji)制，對未盡披露(lu)義務(wu)的上(shang)市公司依(yi)法(fa)予以(yi)處罰。實(shi)(shi)施能(neng)效和(he)環(huan)(huan)保“領跑者”制度，采取財稅優(you)惠、榮譽表彰等措施激(ji)(ji)勵企業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)更高標(biao)準的環(huan)(huan)保目(mu)標(biao)。到2020年，分級建立企業(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)評價體系，將(jiang)企業(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)納入(ru)全國信(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)共享平臺(tai)，建立守信(xin)(xin)激(ji)(ji)勵與(yu)失信(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)戒機(ji)制。

　　建立健全(quan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)害評(ping)估(gu)(gu)和賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制(zhi)度。推(tui)進生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)害鑒(jian)定(ding)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)規范(fan)化管理，完(wan)(wan)善(shan)鑒(jian)定(ding)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)技術方法。2017年(nian)底前，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)害賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制(zhi)度改革(ge)試點；自2018年(nian)起，在全(quan)國試行(xing)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)害賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制(zhi)度；到2020年(nian)，力爭(zheng)在全(quan)國范(fan)圍內初步建立生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)害賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制(zhi)度。

　　第五節　實施全民行動

　　提高全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)意(yi)識。加大生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)育，組織(zhi)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)公(gong)益(yi)活動，開(kai)發生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)化產(chan)品，全(quan)面提升全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)意(yi)識。地方各級人民政(zheng)府(fu)、教(jiao)育主(zhu)管部(bu)門和(he)新聞媒體要(yao)依法(fa)履(lv)行(xing)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)育責任(ren)，把環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設(she)作為踐(jian)(jian)行(xing)社(she)(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義核心價值(zhi)觀的(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，實施全(quan)民環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)育行(xing)動計(ji)劃。引(yin)導抵制(zhi)和(he)譴責過度消費(fei)、奢侈消費(fei)、浪費(fei)資(zi)源(yuan)能源(yuan)等行(xing)為，倡導勤儉(jian)節約、綠色(se)低碳的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)風尚(shang)。鼓勵生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)化作品創作，豐富環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)產(chan)品，開(kai)展環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)公(gong)益(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)活動。建設(she)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)教(jiao)育平臺，引(yin)導公(gong)眾踐(jian)(jian)行(xing)綠色(se)簡約生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)低碳休閑(xian)模(mo)式。小學、中學、高等學校、職業學校、培訓機構等要(yao)將生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)教(jiao)育納入教(jiao)學內(nei)容(rong)(rong)。

　　推動綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)消費(fei)(fei)。強(qiang)化綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)消費(fei)(fei)意識，提高公眾環(huan)境行(xing)(xing)(xing)為自(zi)律意識，加快(kuai)衣食(shi)住行(xing)(xing)(xing)向綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)消費(fei)(fei)轉變。實(shi)施全民節能(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)動計劃(hua)，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)居民水(shui)(shui)、電(dian)、氣階(jie)梯價格制度(du)，推廣(guang)節水(shui)(shui)、節能(neng)(neng)用(yong)品和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)環(huan)保家具、建材等。實(shi)施綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)動計劃(hua)，完善綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)標準(zhun)及認(ren)證(zheng)體系，擴大強(qiang)制執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)范圍，京津冀地區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮新(xin)建建筑(zhu)中綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)達(da)(da)到(dao)50%以上。強(qiang)化政府綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)采(cai)(cai)購制度(du)，制定綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)產品采(cai)(cai)購目錄，倡導非政府機構、企業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)采(cai)(cai)購。鼓勵綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，改善步行(xing)(xing)(xing)、自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車出(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)條件，完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市公共(gong)交通(tong)服務體系。到(dao)2020年(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區常駐人(ren)口300萬(wan)以上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建成區公共(gong)交通(tong)占機動化出(chu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)比(bi)例達(da)(da)到(dao)60%。

　　強化信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)開。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)監測信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)統一發(fa)布機制。全面推進大氣、水、土壤等生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)開，推進監管部門生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)、排(pai)污單位環境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)以及(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項目環境(jing)(jing)影響評價信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)開。各(ge)地要建(jian)(jian)(jian)立統一的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)開平臺(tai)，健全反饋機制。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立健全環境(jing)(jing)保護新聞(wen)發(fa)言人制度。

　　加強(qiang)(qiang)社會監督。建(jian)(jian)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參(can)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管理決策的(de)(de)有效(xiao)渠道和(he)合(he)理機制(zhi)，鼓勵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾對(dui)政府環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)工作、企業(ye)排污行(xing)為進行(xing)監督。在建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)立(li)項、實施、后評價等環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節，建(jian)(jian)立(li)溝通協商平(ping)臺，聽取公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾意(yi)見和(he)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)，保(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)知情權、參(can)與權、監督權和(he)表達權。引(yin)導(dao)(dao)新聞媒(mei)體(ti)，加強(qiang)(qiang)輿論監督，充分利用“12369”環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)熱(re)線(xian)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)微(wei)信舉(ju)報(bao)平(ping)臺。研究推進環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)典(dian)型案例指導(dao)(dao)示范制(zhi)度，推動(dong)司法(fa)機關強(qiang)(qiang)化公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)訴(su)權的(de)(de)保(bao)障，細化環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟的(de)(de)法(fa)律程序，加強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟的(de)(de)技(ji)術支(zhi)持，完善環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟制(zhi)度。

　　第六節　提升(sheng)治(zhi)理能力

　　加強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。統一規劃、優化環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)涵蓋大氣(qi)、水(shui)(shui)、土壤(rang)、噪聲(sheng)、輻(fu)射(she)等要(yao)素，布(bu)局合理、功能(neng)完善(shan)的(de)全(quan)國(guo)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡，實(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)信(xin)息集成共享。大氣(qi)、地表水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位總體覆蓋80%左(zuo)右的(de)區縣，人口密集的(de)區縣實(shi)現(xian)全(quan)覆蓋，土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位實(shi)現(xian)全(quan)覆蓋。提高大氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)報和(he)污染預(yu)(yu)警水(shui)(shui)平，強化污染源(yuan)追蹤與解析，地級及以上城市開(kai)展大氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)報。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)國(guo)家水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)預(yu)(yu)警平臺(tai)。加強飲用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)土壤(rang)中(zhong)持久(jiu)性(xing)、生(sheng)物富集性(xing)以及對人體健康危害(hai)大的(de)污染物監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。加強重點流域城鎮集中(zhong)式飲用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)體放射(she)性(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)預(yu)(yu)警。建(jian)(jian)立天地一體化的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)遙感(gan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)系統，實(shi)現(xian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)衛(wei)星組網(wang)運行，加強無人機遙感(gan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)地面(mian)生(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。構建(jian)(jian)生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡。

專欄6　全國生(sheng)態環(huan)境監(jian)測網(wang)絡建設

　　（一）穩步推進環境質量監測(ce)事權上收。

　　對(dui)1436個(ge)城市(shi)大氣環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)自動(dong)監(jian)測站、96個(ge)區(qu)域站和(he)16個(ge)背景站，2767個(ge)國控(kong)地表(biao)水(shui)監(jian)測斷面、419個(ge)近岸海域水(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測點(dian)和(he)300個(ge)水(shui)質(zhi)自動(dong)監(jian)測站，40000個(ge)土壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)國家監(jian)控(kong)點(dian)位，承擔管理職責，保障(zhang)運(yun)行(xing)經費，采(cai)取第三(san)方(fang)監(jian)測服務(wu)、委托地方(fang)運(yun)維管理、直接監(jian)測等方(fang)式運(yun)行(xing)，推(tui)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)測數據聯(lian)網共享(xiang)與統(tong)一發布。

　　（二）加快建設(she)生態監測網絡。

　　建立(li)天地(di)(di)一(yi)體(ti)化的(de)(de)生態(tai)遙感監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)系(xi)統(tong)，建立(li)生態(tai)功能(neng)地(di)(di)面監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站點，加(jia)強無人機(ji)遙感監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，對重要(yao)生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)服務功能(neng)開展統(tong)一(yi)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、統(tong)一(yi)信息公布。建設(she)全國生態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線監(jian)管平臺(tai)，建立(li)一(yi)批相(xiang)對固定的(de)(de)生態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線監(jian)管地(di)(di)面核(he)查點。建立(li)生物多(duo)樣性觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡體(ti)系(xi)，開展重要(yao)生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)和生物類群(qun)的(de)(de)常態(tai)化監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)與觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。新建大氣輻射自(zi)動監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站400個(ge)(ge)、土(tu)壤輻射監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點163個(ge)(ge)、飲用水水源地(di)(di)輻射監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點330個(ge)(ge)。建設(she)森林監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站228個(ge)(ge)、濕地(di)(di)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站85個(ge)(ge)、荒(huang)漠監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站108個(ge)(ge)、生物多(duo)樣性監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站300個(ge)(ge)。

　　加強環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)能力建設。實(shi)(shi)現環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網格化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理，優化(hua)配(pei)置監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力量，推動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)服(fu)務向農村地(di)區延伸(shen)。完(wan)善環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)人(ren)員(yuan)選拔(ba)、培(pei)訓、考核等制度，充實(shi)(shi)一線執法(fa)(fa)隊伍，保(bao)障(zhang)執法(fa)(fa)裝(zhuang)備(bei)，加強現場(chang)執法(fa)(fa)取證能力，加強環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)隊伍職(zhi)業化(hua)建設。實(shi)(shi)施全國(guo)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)系統人(ren)才雙向交流計(ji)劃，加強中西(xi)部地(di)區環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)隊伍建設。到2020年，基本實(shi)(shi)現各(ge)級(ji)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執法(fa)(fa)人(ren)員(yuan)資格培(pei)訓及持(chi)證上崗全覆(fu)蓋，全國(guo)縣級(ji)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)執法(fa)(fa)機構裝(zhuang)備(bei)基本滿足(zu)需(xu)求。

　　加強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)保信息系(xi)(xi)統建設(she)。組織(zhi)開展第二次全國污染(ran)源(yuan)普查，建立(li)完善全國污染(ran)源(yuan)基(ji)(ji)本單(dan)位名錄。加強環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)統計(ji)能力，將小微企業納入(ru)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)統計(ji)范圍，梳(shu)理污染(ran)物排放數據(ju)，逐步實現各套(tao)數據(ju)的整合和歸真。建立(li)典型生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)區基(ji)(ji)礎數據(ju)庫和信息管理系(xi)(xi)統。建設(she)和完善全國統一、覆蓋(gai)全面(mian)的實時在線環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監測監控系(xi)(xi)統。加快生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)大(da)數據(ju)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)建設(she)，實現生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量、污染(ran)源(yuan)排放、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)執法、環(huan)(huan)評管理、自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)、核與(yu)輻(fu)射等數據(ju)整合集(ji)成、動態(tai)(tai)更新，建立(li)信息公開和共(gong)享平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，啟動生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)大(da)數據(ju)建設(she)試點(dian)。提高智慧環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)管理技術水(shui)平(ping)，重點(dian)提升環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染(ran)治理工藝(yi)自動化(hua)、智能化(hua)技術水(shui)平(ping)，建立(li)環(huan)(huan)保數據(ju)共(gong)享與(yu)產品服(fu)務(wu)業務(wu)體系(xi)(xi)。

專欄7　加強(qiang)生態環境基礎調(diao)查

　　加大基礎(chu)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)力度，重點開展第二(er)次全(quan)國污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)(yuan)普查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、全(quan)國危險廢物(wu)普查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、集中式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、農村(cun)集中式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、土壤污(wu)染(ran)狀(zhuang)況詳(xiang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)激素(su)類(lei)化(hua)學品調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、生物(wu)多(duo)樣性綜合調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、外來(lai)入侵物(wu)種調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、重點區(qu)域(yu)河流湖泊底泥調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)資源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)本底調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、公民生活方式綠(lv)色化(hua)實踐調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。開展全(quan)國生態(tai)狀(zhuang)況變化(hua)（2011—2015年）調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)估、生態(tai)風險調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)估、地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)基礎(chu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)估、公眾(zhong)生態(tai)文明意識(shi)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)估、長江(jiang)流域(yu)生態(tai)健康調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)估、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)健康調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、監(jian)測和風險評(ping)(ping)估等。

　　第九章　實(shi)施一(yi)批國家生態環境(jing)保護重大(da)工(gong)程

　　“十三五(wu)”期(qi)間，國家組織(zhi)實施工業污染源全面達標排放等25項(xiang)重點(dian)工程，建立重大項(xiang)目(mu)庫(ku)，強化項(xiang)目(mu)績效管理。項(xiang)目(mu)投(tou)入以(yi)企業和地(di)方政府為主，中(zhong)央財政予以(yi)適當支持(chi)。

專欄(lan)8　環境(jing)治理(li)保護重點工(gong)程

　　（一）工業污染源全面達標排放(fang)。

　　限(xian)期改(gai)造(zao)50萬(wan)蒸(zheng)噸燃(ran)煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐(lu)、工業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)污水處理設施(shi)。全(quan)國地級及以上城市建成區(qu)(qu)基本(ben)淘汰10蒸(zheng)噸以下(xia)燃(ran)煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐(lu)，完成燃(ran)煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐(lu)脫硫脫硝除(chu)塵改(gai)造(zao)、鋼(gang)鐵行(xing)業(ye)燒結機(ji)脫硫改(gai)造(zao)、水泥行(xing)業(ye)脫硝改(gai)造(zao)。對鋼(gang)鐵、水泥、平(ping)板(ban)玻璃、造(zao)紙(zhi)、印染(ran)、氮(dan)肥、制糖等行(xing)業(ye)中不能穩定達標的企業(ye)逐一進(jin)行(xing)改(gai)造(zao)。限(xian)期改(gai)造(zao)工業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)污水處理設施(shi)。

　　（二(er)）大氣(qi)污(wu)染重點區域氣(qi)化。

　　建(jian)設完善京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠(zhu)三角和(he)東北地區天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣輸送(song)管道、城市燃氣管網(wang)、天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣儲(chu)氣庫、城市調峰站儲(chu)氣罐等(deng)基礎(chu)設施，推進(jin)重點城市“煤改氣”工程，替(ti)代燃煤鍋爐18.9萬蒸噸。

　　（三）燃煤電廠(chang)超低排放改(gai)造(zao)。

　　完成(cheng)4.2億千瓦機(ji)組(zu)超低排放改造(zao)任務，實(shi)施(shi)1.1億千瓦機(ji)組(zu)達(da)標(biao)改造(zao)，限期(qi)淘汰2000萬千瓦落(luo)后(hou)產(chan)能和不符合相關強制性標(biao)準(zhun)要求的機(ji)組(zu)。

　　（四）揮發性有機物綜合整治。

　　開展石(shi)化(hua)企業(ye)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)理(li)(li)，實(shi)施有機(ji)化(hua)工(gong)園(yuan)區、醫(yi)藥化(hua)工(gong)園(yuan)區及煤化(hua)工(gong)基地揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合整(zheng)治(zhi)，推(tui)進加(jia)油(you)站、油(you)罐車、儲(chu)油(you)庫油(you)氣回收及綜(zong)合治(zhi)理(li)(li)。推(tui)動(dong)工(gong)業(ye)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)和包裝(zhuang)印刷行業(ye)揮(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合整(zheng)治(zhi)。

　　（五）良好水體及地下水環境保護。

　　對江(jiang)河(he)源(yuan)頭(tou)及378個水質達到或優于(yu)Ⅲ類的江(jiang)河(he)湖庫實施嚴格保(bao)(bao)護。實施重(zhong)要江(jiang)河(he)湖庫入(ru)河(he)排污口整(zheng)治工程。完成重(zhong)要飲(yin)用(yong)水水源(yuan)地達標建設，推進備用(yong)水源(yuan)建設、水源(yuan)涵養和生態修復，探索建設生物緩沖帶。加(jia)強(qiang)地下水保(bao)(bao)護，對報廢礦井、鉆井、取水井實施封井回(hui)填，開展京津冀晉等(deng)區域地下水修復試點。

　　（六）重點流域海域水環境治理。

　　針對七大(da)流域及近岸海域水環(huan)境(jing)突出(chu)問題，以(yi)580個優先控制單元為(wei)重點，推進流域水環(huan)境(jing)保護與綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，統籌點源(yuan)、面(mian)源(yuan)污(wu)染防治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)河(he)湖(hu)生態修復，分類施(shi)策，實(shi)施(shi)流域水環(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)工程，加大(da)整治(zhi)(zhi)力度，切實(shi)改善重點流域海域水環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量。實(shi)施(shi)太湖(hu)、洞庭湖(hu)、滇池、巢湖(hu)、鄱陽湖(hu)、白(bai)洋淀(dian)、烏梁素(su)海、呼倫湖(hu)、艾(ai)比(bi)湖(hu)等重點湖(hu)庫水污(wu)染綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。開(kai)展長江中下(xia)游、珠三角等河(he)湖(hu)內源(yuan)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。

　　（七）城鎮生(sheng)活污水處理設施全覆蓋。

　　以(yi)城市黑臭水(shui)(shui)體整治(zhi)和343個水(shui)(shui)質需(xu)改善控制(zhi)單(dan)元為重點(dian)，強化(hua)污水(shui)(shui)收集處理與重污染水(shui)(shui)體治(zhi)理。加強城市、縣城和重點(dian)鎮(zhen)污水(shui)(shui)處理設(she)施建(jian)設(she)，加快收集管網建(jian)設(she)，對污水(shui)(shui)處理廠升級(ji)改造，全面(mian)達到一級(ji)A排放(fang)標準(zhun)。推(tui)進(jin)再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)回用，強化(hua)污泥(ni)處理處置，提升污泥(ni)無(wu)害化(hua)處理能力。

　　（八(ba)）農村環境綜合整治。

　　實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)專(zhuan)項行(xing)動，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)13萬個行(xing)政(zheng)村環境(jing)綜合(he)整治(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業廢(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)資源化利用(yong)示范工程，建設(she)污水垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)收集處理(li)利用(yong)設(she)施(shi)，梯(ti)次推(tui)(tui)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)(sheng)活污水治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，實(shi)現90%的行(xing)政(zheng)村生(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)得到治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。實(shi)施(shi)畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖廢(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)污染治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)與資源化利用(yong)，開(kai)展畜(chu)禽(qin)規模養(yang)殖場（小(xiao)區）污染綜合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，實(shi)現75%以(yi)上的畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖場（小(xiao)區）配(pei)套建設(she)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)和污水貯存處理(li)設(she)施(shi)。

　　（九）土壤環境治理。

　　組織開(kai)展土壤污(wu)(wu)(wu)染詳(xiang)查(cha)，開(kai)發土壤環境質量風險(xian)識別系統。完(wan)成100個(ge)(ge)(ge)農用地和(he)100個(ge)(ge)(ge)建(jian)設用地污(wu)(wu)(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)試點。建(jian)設6個(ge)(ge)(ge)土壤污(wu)(wu)(wu)染綜合防治(zhi)先行區。開(kai)展1000萬畝受污(wu)(wu)(wu)染耕地治(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)和(he)4000萬畝受污(wu)(wu)(wu)染耕地風險(xian)管控。組織開(kai)展化(hua)工企(qi)業搬(ban)遷后污(wu)(wu)(wu)染狀況(kuang)詳(xiang)查(cha)，制定綜合整治(zhi)方案，開(kai)展治(zhi)理(li)與修(xiu)復(fu)工程示范(fan)，對暫不開(kai)發利用的高(gao)風險(xian)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染地塊實施風險(xian)管控。全面整治(zhi)歷史遺(yi)留尾(wei)礦庫。實施高(gao)風險(xian)歷史遺(yi)留重金屬(shu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染地塊、河道、廢渣污(wu)(wu)(wu)染修(xiu)復(fu)治(zhi)理(li)工程，完(wan)成31塊歷史遺(yi)留無(wu)主鉻(ge)渣污(wu)(wu)(wu)染地塊治(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)。

　　（十）重點(dian)領域環(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)防范。

　　開展生(sheng)活垃(la)圾焚燒飛灰處(chu)理處(chu)置(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)成區(qu)(qu)域性(xing)廢(fei)鉛蓄電池(chi)、廢(fei)鋰電池(chi)回(hui)收網(wang)絡(luo)。加強(qiang)有毒(du)有害化(hua)學品環(huan)(huan)境(jing)和(he)健康風險(xian)評估能力(li)建(jian)(jian)設，建(jian)(jian)立化(hua)學品危(wei)害特性(xing)基礎數據庫，建(jian)(jian)設國家(jia)(jia)化(hua)學品計算毒(du)理中心(xin)和(he)國家(jia)(jia)化(hua)學品測試實驗室。建(jian)(jian)設50個針對(dui)大(da)型(xing)化(hua)工園區(qu)(qu)、集(ji)中飲用水水源地(di)等不(bu)同類型(xing)風險(xian)區(qu)(qu)域的全過程(cheng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)管理示范區(qu)(qu)。建(jian)(jian)設1個國家(jia)(jia)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)救援實訓基地(di)，具備人員實訓、物(wu)資(zi)儲備、成果展示、應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)救援、后勤保障、科技(ji)研(yan)發(fa)等核心(xin)功(gong)能，配(pei)套建(jian)(jian)設環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)演練(lian)系統、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)模擬訓練(lian)場以及網(wang)絡(luo)培訓平臺(tai)。建(jian)(jian)設國家(jia)(jia)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)大(da)數據平臺(tai)，研(yan)制(zhi)發(fa)射系列(lie)化(hua)的大(da)氣(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測衛星和(he)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛星后續星并組網(wang)運(yun)行。建(jian)(jian)設全國及重(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)(qu)域大(da)氣(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量預報預警(jing)平臺(tai)、國家(jia)(jia)水質監測預警(jing)平臺(tai)、國家(jia)(jia)生(sheng)態保護監控平臺(tai)。加強(qiang)中西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)市(shi)縣兩(liang)級、東部(bu)欠發(fa)達地(di)區(qu)(qu)縣級執法機構的調(diao)查取證儀器設備配(pei)置(zhi)。

　　（十一）核與輻射安全保障(zhang)能力提升。

　　建成核與輻(fu)射(she)安全(quan)監管技(ji)術(shu)研發基地，加快建設早期核設施退役及歷史遺留放射(she)性(xing)廢(fei)物(wu)處(chu)理(li)處(chu)置工程(cheng)，建設5座中低放射(she)性(xing)廢(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置場和1個(ge)高放射(she)性(xing)廢(fei)物(wu)處(chu)理(li)地下實(shi)(shi)驗室，建設高風(feng)險放射(she)源(yuan)實(shi)(shi)時監控系(xi)統，廢(fei)舊放射(she)源(yuan)100%安全(quan)收(shou)貯。加強國家(jia)核事故應(ying)急救援隊伍建設。

專欄9　山水林田湖生態工程

　　（一(yi)）國(guo)家(jia)生態安全屏障保護修復。

　　推進青藏高原(yuan)、黃土高原(yuan)、云(yun)貴(gui)高原(yuan)、秦(qin)巴(ba)山(shan)脈、祁連山(shan)脈、大(da)小興安嶺和(he)長白(bai)山(shan)、南嶺山(shan)地地區(qu)、京津冀水源涵(han)養(yang)區(qu)、內蒙古高原(yuan)、河(he)西(xi)走廊、塔里(li)木河(he)流域、滇桂黔喀斯特(te)地區(qu)等關系國家生(sheng)態安全的核心地區(qu)生(sheng)態修復治理。

　　（二(er)）國(guo)土綠化行動。

　　開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)大規模(mo)植(zhi)樹增綠活動，集中(zhong)連(lian)片建(jian)(jian)設森林(lin)，加強“三北(bei)”、沿(yan)海、長(chang)江和珠江流域等防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設，加快建(jian)(jian)設儲(chu)備林(lin)及用材林(lin)基地建(jian)(jian)設，推(tui)進退化(hua)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)修復，建(jian)(jian)設綠色生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)(hu)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)和連(lian)接各生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)廊(lang)道。開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)田防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)建(jian)(jian)設，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)太行山綠化(hua)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)鹽堿地、干熱(re)河(he)谷造林(lin)試點示范(fan)，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)山體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)修復。

　　（三(san)）國土綜合(he)整治(zhi)。

　　開(kai)展(zhan)重點流(liu)域、海岸帶和(he)海島綜合(he)(he)整治(zhi)(zhi)，加強礦產資源開(kai)發(fa)集中地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)質環境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)和(he)生(sheng)態修復。推(tui)進損毀土(tu)地(di)(di)、工(gong)礦廢(fei)棄地(di)(di)復墾(ken)，修復受自然災害、大(da)型建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)破(po)壞的山體、礦山廢(fei)棄地(di)(di)。加大(da)京杭大(da)運河(he)、黃河(he)明清故道(dao)沿線綜合(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)力度。推(tui)進邊疆(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)國(guo)土(tu)綜合(he)(he)開(kai)發(fa)、防護和(he)整治(zhi)(zhi)。

　　（四）天(tian)然林資源保護(hu)。

　　將天(tian)然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)和可(ke)以培育(yu)(yu)成為天(tian)然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)未成林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)封(feng)育(yu)(yu)地、疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地、灌木林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地全部劃入(ru)天(tian)然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)，對難以自然更新的(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地通過人工造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)恢復(fu)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被。

　　（五(wu)）新一輪退(tui)耕還林還草(cao)和(he)退(tui)牧還草(cao)。

　　實施具備條件的25度以上(shang)坡(po)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)、嚴重沙(sha)化耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)和重要水(shui)源地(di)(di)15—25度坡(po)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)退耕(geng)(geng)還林還草。穩定擴大退牧還草范圍(wei)，優化建設(she)內(nei)容(rong)，適當提高中央(yang)投(tou)資補助標準。實施草原圍(wei)欄(lan)1000萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、退化草原改良267萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)，建設(she)人工(gong)飼草地(di)(di)33萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、舍飼棚圈（儲(chu)草棚、青(qing)貯窯(yao)）30萬(wan)(wan)戶、開展巖溶(rong)地(di)(di)區草地(di)(di)治理33萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、黑土灘治理7萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、毒害草治理l2萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。

　　（六）防沙(sha)治沙(sha)和水土流失綜合治理。

　　實施北(bei)(bei)方(fang)防(fang)沙(sha)帶(dai)、黃土高原區、東北(bei)(bei)黑土區、西南巖溶區以及(ji)“一帶(dai)一路”沿線(xian)區域(yu)等(deng)重點(dian)區域(yu)水土流失綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)治，以及(ji)京津風沙(sha)源和(he)(he)石(shi)漠(mo)化綜(zong)合(he)治理，推進沙(sha)化土地(di)封禁保(bao)護、坡耕地(di)綜(zong)合(he)治理、侵蝕溝整治和(he)(he)生態清潔小(xiao)流域(yu)建設(she)。新增(zeng)水土流失治理面積(ji)27萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里。

　　（七）河(he)湖與濕地保護恢復。

　　加(jia)強長江(jiang)中上(shang)游、黃(huang)河沿線及貴州(zhou)草(cao)海(hai)等(deng)自然濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)護，對功能降低、生(sheng)物多樣性減少的濕地(di)進(jin)行綜合治(zhi)理，開展濕地(di)可(ke)持續利用示范。加(jia)強珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危水(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物、重(zhong)要(yao)水(shui)產種質資源以及產卵場、索餌場、越冬場、洄游通道等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)漁(yu)業水(shui)域(yu)保(bao)(bao)護。推(tui)進(jin)京(jing)津(jin)冀“六河五湖(hu)(hu)”、湖(hu)(hu)北“四湖(hu)(hu)”、錢塘(tang)江(jiang)上(shang)游、草(cao)海(hai)、梁子湖(hu)(hu)、汾(fen)河、滹沱(tuo)河、紅堿淖等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)河湖(hu)(hu)和(he)濕地(di)生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)護與修(xiu)復，推(tui)進(jin)城市河湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態化治(zhi)理。

　　（八）瀕危野生動植物搶救性保(bao)護(hu)。

　　保護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)改善大熊貓、朱鹮、虎、豹、亞洲(zhou)象、蘭科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)、蘇鐵類、野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)稻(dao)等珍稀瀕危(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)棲息地，建(jian)設原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)境保護(hu)(hu)區、救護(hu)(hu)繁(fan)育中(zhong)心和(he)(he)基因庫，開展(zhan)(zhan)拯救繁(fan)育和(he)(he)野(ye)(ye)化放歸。加強野(ye)(ye)外(wai)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)繁(fan)衍困難的(de)極(ji)小種群、野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)和(he)(he)極(ji)度瀕危(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)拯救。開展(zhan)(zhan)珍稀瀕危(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種質(zhi)資(zi)源調(diao)查、搶救性(xing)收集和(he)(he)保存(cun)，建(jian)設種質(zhi)資(zi)源庫（圃(pu)）。

　　（九）生物多(duo)樣性保護。

　　開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)優先區(qu)(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)調(diao)查(cha)和(he)評估，建(jian)設(she)50個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)綜合觀測(ce)站(zhan)和(he)800個觀測(ce)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)數據庫(ku)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)評估預警(jing)平臺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)物(wu)種查(cha)驗鑒定(ding)平臺，完成國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)勘界確權，60%以上國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)達到規范化建(jian)設(she)要(yao)求(qiu)，加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)廊(lang)道建(jian)設(she)，有步(bu)驟地實(shi)施自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)、緩沖區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)移民，完善遷地保護(hu)體(ti)系，建(jian)設(she)國(guo)(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)博物(wu)館。開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)、恢復與減貧示范。

　　（十(shi)）外來入侵物種防治行動。

　　選(xuan)擇50個國家級自然保護區開展典型外來(lai)(lai)入(ru)侵物種防(fang)治行(xing)動。選(xuan)擇云南、廣西和(he)東南沿海省份(fen)等(deng)外來(lai)(lai)入(ru)侵物種危害(hai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)區域，建立50個外來(lai)(lai)入(ru)侵物種防(fang)控和(he)資源化利用示(shi)范推廣區，建設100個天敵繁育(yu)基地(di)、1000公里隔離帶。建設300個口岸物種查(cha)驗(yan)點，提升50個重(zhong)(zhong)點進(jin)境口岸的(de)防(fang)范外來(lai)(lai)物種入(ru)侵能力。針對已入(ru)侵我國的(de)外來(lai)(lai)物種進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)查(cha)，建立外來(lai)(lai)入(ru)侵物種數據庫，構建衛星遙(yao)感與地(di)面監(jian)測相結合的(de)外來(lai)(lai)入(ru)侵物種監(jian)測預警體系。

　　（十一(yi)）森林質量精準提升。

　　加快(kuai)推(tui)進混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)培(pei)育(yu)、森林(lin)(lin)(lin)撫育(yu)、退化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復、公(gong)益林(lin)(lin)(lin)管護和林(lin)(lin)(lin)木良種培(pei)育(yu)。精準提升(sheng)大江(jiang)大河源頭、國有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)（場）和集體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)質量(liang)。森林(lin)(lin)(lin)撫育(yu)4000萬公(gong)頃，退化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復900萬公(gong)頃。

　　（十(shi)二(er)）古樹(shu)名木保護。

　　嚴格(ge)保(bao)護古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)名(ming)木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)(shu)冠覆蓋(gai)區域(yu)、根系分布區域(yu)，科學(xue)設置標牌(pai)和保(bao)護圍欄，對衰弱、瀕危古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)名(ming)木(mu)(mu)采取促進生(sheng)長、增(zeng)強樹(shu)(shu)勢措施，搶救古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)名(ming)木(mu)(mu)60萬(wan)株、復(fu)壯300萬(wan)株。

　　（十(shi)三(san)）城市生態修復(fu)和生態產(chan)品供(gong)給。

　　對城市(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)區范(fan)圍內(nei)自然資源和生態(tai)(tai)空(kong)間進行調(diao)查(cha)評估，綜(zong)合(he)識(shi)別已(yi)被破壞、自我恢復(fu)能力差(cha)、亟需實(shi)施修(xiu)復(fu)的區域，開展城市(shi)生態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)試點示范(fan)。推進綠(lv)道(dao)綠(lv)廊(lang)建(jian)設(she)，合(he)理規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)各類(lei)公園(yuan)綠(lv)地，加快(kuai)老舊公園(yuan)改(gai)造，增加生態(tai)(tai)產品供給。

　　（十(shi)四）生態環境技術創新。

　　建(jian)(jian)設一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新平(ping)臺(tai)，優(you)先(xian)推(tui)動建(jian)(jian)設一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)專(zhuan)業化環保高(gao)(gao)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術開發區。推(tui)進水、大氣、土壤、生(sheng)態、風險(xian)、智慧(hui)環保等(deng)重大研究專(zhuan)項，實施(shi)京津冀(ji)、長江(jiang)經濟(ji)帶、“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”、東北(bei)(bei)老工(gong)業基地、湘江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)等(deng)區域(yu)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量提升創(chuang)(chuang)新工(gong)程(cheng)，實施(shi)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原、黃土高(gao)(gao)原、北(bei)(bei)方風沙帶、西南(nan)巖溶區等(deng)生(sheng)態屏障區保護修復(fu)創(chuang)(chuang)新工(gong)程(cheng)，實施(shi)城市廢(fei)物安全(quan)處置與(yu)循環利用創(chuang)(chuang)新工(gong)程(cheng)、環境(jing)(jing)風險(xian)治(zhi)理與(yu)清潔替代創(chuang)(chuang)新工(gong)程(cheng)、智慧(hui)環境(jing)(jing)創(chuang)(chuang)新工(gong)程(cheng)。推(tui)進環境(jing)(jing)保護重點實驗室、工(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術中心、科學觀測站和決策支撐體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設。建(jian)(jian)設瀾滄(cang)江(jiang)—湄公河(he)水資源合作中心和環境(jing)(jing)合作中心、“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”信(xin)息共(gong)享(xiang)與(yu)決策平(ping)臺(tai)。

　　第十(shi)章　健全規劃實施保(bao)障措施

　　第一節(jie)　明確任(ren)務分(fen)工(gong)

　　明確(que)地(di)方目(mu)標(biao)責任。地(di)方各級人(ren)民政府是規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)實施(shi)的責任主(zhu)體，要把生(sheng)態環境(jing)保護(hu)目(mu)標(biao)、任務(wu)、措施(shi)和(he)(he)重點工程(cheng)納入本地(di)區國民經濟(ji)和(he)(he)社會發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，制定并公布生(sheng)態環境(jing)保護(hu)重點任務(wu)和(he)(he)年度目(mu)標(biao)。各地(di)區對規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)實施(shi)情況(kuang)進行信息公開，推動(dong)全(quan)社會參與和(he)(he)監(jian)督，確(que)保各項(xiang)任務(wu)全(quan)面完成。

　　部門(men)協同推進規劃(hua)任務。有關部門(men)要各負(fu)其責(ze)，密切配合，完善體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)大(da)(da)資金(jin)(jin)投入，加(jia)大(da)(da)規劃(hua)實施力度(du)。在(zai)大(da)(da)氣、水、土壤、重金(jin)(jin)屬、生物多樣性(xing)等領域(yu)建立協作機制(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)期(qi)研究解決重大(da)(da)問題。環境保護(hu)部每(mei)年向國務院報告環境保護(hu)重點工作進展情況。

　　第二節　加(jia)大(da)投入力度

　　加(jia)大(da)(da)財政(zheng)資金投(tou)入(ru)。按照中(zhong)央與地方(fang)事權和支(zhi)(zhi)出責任(ren)劃分(fen)的(de)要求，加(jia)快建立與環(huan)保支(zhi)(zhi)出責任(ren)相適應的(de)財政(zheng)管(guan)理(li)制度,各級財政(zheng)應保障(zhang)同級生態(tai)環(huan)保重點支(zhi)(zhi)出。優化創新環(huan)保專(zhuan)項資金使用方(fang)式，加(jia)大(da)(da)對環(huan)境污染第三方(fang)治理(li)、政(zheng)府和社會(hui)資本(ben)合(he)作模式的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持力度。按照山水林(lin)田(tian)湖(hu)系統治理(li)的(de)要求，整(zheng)合(he)生態(tai)保護(hu)修(xiu)復相關資金。

　　拓寬資(zi)金(jin)(jin)籌措渠道。完善使用者(zhe)付費制度，支(zhi)持(chi)經營(ying)類環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。積極(ji)推行政府(fu)和(he)(he)社(she)會資(zi)本合(he)作，探索以資(zi)源(yuan)開(kai)發項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、資(zi)源(yuan)綜合(he)利(li)用等收益彌(mi)補污染(ran)防治(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投入(ru)和(he)(he)社(she)會資(zi)本回(hui)報，吸引社(she)會資(zi)本參與準公益性和(he)(he)公益性環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。鼓(gu)勵社(she)會資(zi)本以市場化(hua)方式(shi)設立環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)基金(jin)(jin)。鼓(gu)勵創(chuang)業投資(zi)企業、股(gu)權投資(zi)企業和(he)(he)社(she)會捐贈資(zi)金(jin)(jin)增(zeng)加生態環(huan)保投入(ru)。

　　第三節　加強(qiang)國際合作

　　參與國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)環(huan)境(jing)治理(li)。積(ji)極(ji)參與全(quan)球環(huan)境(jing)治理(li)規(gui)則構建，深度(du)參與環(huan)境(jing)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)公約(yue)、核安(an)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)公約(yue)和(he)與環(huan)境(jing)相關(guan)的國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)貿易投資協定談判(pan)，承擔并履行好同(tong)發展(zhan)中大(da)國(guo)(guo)相適(shi)應(ying)的國(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)責任，并做好履約(yue)工作(zuo)。依(yi)法規(gui)范境(jing)外(wai)環(huan)保組織在華活(huo)動(dong)。加(jia)大(da)宣傳力度(du)，對(dui)(dui)外(wai)講好中國(guo)(guo)環(huan)保故事。根據對(dui)(dui)外(wai)援(yuan)(yuan)助統一部(bu)署，加(jia)大(da)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)援(yuan)(yuan)助力度(du)，創新(xin)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)援(yuan)(yuan)助方式。

　　提(ti)升國際(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)平(ping)。建立(li)完(wan)善(shan)與相關國家、國際(ji)(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)、研究機構、民(min)間(jian)團體的交(jiao)(jiao)流合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)機制，搭建對話交(jiao)(jiao)流平(ping)臺(tai)，促進(jin)生態環(huan)保(bao)理(li)念、管理(li)制度政(zheng)策(ce)、環(huan)保(bao)產(chan)業(ye)技術等(deng)方面的國際(ji)(ji)交(jiao)(jiao)流合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，全面提(ti)升國際(ji)(ji)化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)。組(zu)織(zhi)開展一批大氣、水(shui)、土壤(rang)、生物(wu)多樣性等(deng)領域(yu)的國際(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)項目。落實聯合(he)(he)國2030年可(ke)持續發展議程。加強與世界(jie)各國、區(qu)域(yu)和國際(ji)(ji)組(zu)織(zhi)在生態環(huan)保(bao)和核(he)安(an)全領域(yu)的對話交(jiao)(jiao)流與務(wu)實合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。加強南南合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，積(ji)極開展生態環(huan)保(bao)和核(he)安(an)全領域(yu)的對外合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。嚴厲打擊化(hua)學品非法貿易、固體廢物(wu)非法越境轉移。

　　第四(si)節(jie)　推進試(shi)點示范

　　推(tui)(tui)進(jin)國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)建設(she)(she)。以改(gai)善(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)質量、推(tui)(tui)動綠(lv)色(se)發展為目標，以體制(zhi)(zhi)創新(xin)、制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)供給、模式探(tan)索為重(zhong)點，設(she)(she)立統(tong)一規范的國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)。積極推(tui)(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)社區(qu)、綠(lv)色(se)學(xue)校、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)工業園(yuan)區(qu)等“綠(lv)色(se)細胞(bao)”工程。到(dao)2017年，試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)重(zhong)點改(gai)革(ge)任務取得(de)重(zhong)要進(jin)展，形(xing)成(cheng)若干可(ke)操作、有效(xiao)管用的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)成(cheng)果；到(dao)2020年，試(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)率先建成(cheng)較為完(wan)善(shan)(shan)的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)體系，形(xing)成(cheng)一批可(ke)在(zai)全國復(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)推(tui)(tui)廣的重(zhong)大制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)成(cheng)果。

　　強化(hua)示(shi)(shi)范引領。深入開展生態文明建(jian)(jian)設示(shi)(shi)范區創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)，提高創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)規(gui)范化(hua)和制度(du)化(hua)水平(ping)，注重(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)的(de)區域平(ping)衡性。加強創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)與環保重(zhong)點工作的(de)協(xie)調聯動，強化(hua)后續監督與管(guan)理，開展成效(xiao)評估(gu)和經驗(yan)總結，宣傳推(tui)廣現有的(de)可復制、可借(jie)鑒的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)模式。

　　深(shen)入推進重點政(zheng)策(ce)制(zhi)度試(shi)(shi)點示(shi)范。開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)農村環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)綜合改(gai)革與(yu)創新(xin)試(shi)(shi)點。試(shi)(shi)點劃分環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)達(da)標(biao)控制(zhi)區和(he)未(wei)達(da)標(biao)控制(zhi)區，分別按照排放(fang)標(biao)準和(he)質量(liang)約束實施污染源監管和(he)排污許可。推進環(huan)(huan)境審計、環(huan)(huan)境損害賠償、環(huan)(huan)境服務(wu)業和(he)政(zheng)府購(gou)買(mai)服務(wu)改(gai)革試(shi)(shi)點，強化政(zheng)策(ce)支撐和(he)監管，適(shi)時擴大環(huan)(huan)境污染第三方治理試(shi)(shi)點地區、行業范圍。開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)省級(ji)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)綜合改(gai)革試(shi)(shi)點。

　　第(di)五節　嚴(yan)格(ge)評估(gu)考(kao)核

　　環境(jing)保護部要會同有關部門定期對(dui)各省（區、市(shi)）環境(jing)質量改善(shan)、重點污(wu)染物排(pai)放(fang)、生態(tai)環境(jing)保護重大(da)工程進展情(qing)況進行調度(du)，結果向社會公開。整合各類(lei)生態(tai)環境(jing)評(ping)估考(kao)(kao)核(he)，在2018年、2020年底，分別對(dui)本規劃(hua)執(zhi)行情(qing)況進行中期評(ping)估和(he)(he)終(zhong)期考(kao)(kao)核(he)，評(ping)估考(kao)(kao)核(he)結果向國務院報(bao)告，向社會公布，并作為對(dui)領(ling)導班子和(he)(he)領(ling)導干部綜合考(kao)(kao)核(he)評(ping)價的重要依據。