國務院關于(yu)印發“十(shi)三五”生態環(huan)境保護規劃的通知

國發〔2016〕65號

　　各省(sheng)、自治區、直(zhi)轄市人民政府，國務(wu)院各部委(wei)、各直(zhi)屬(shu)機構：

　　現將《“十三(san)五”生態環境保(bao)護規(gui)劃》印發給你們(men)，請認真貫徹實施。

　　國務院

　　2016年(nian)11月24日

　　（此(ci)件公開發(fa)布(bu)）

“十三五”生態環(huan)境保護規劃

目(mu)　　錄(lu)

　　第一章　全國生態(tai)環(huan)境保護形勢(shi)

　　第一節(jie)　生態(tai)環境保護取(qu)得積極進展

　　第二(er)節(jie)　生態環境是全(quan)面(mian)建成小康社會的(de)突出短板(ban)

　　第(di)三節　生態環境保護面臨機遇與挑戰

　　第二章(zhang)　指導思想、基本原則與主要(yao)目標

　　第一節　指導思想

　　第二節　基本原則(ze)

　　第三節(jie)　主要目(mu)標

　　第三章　強化源頭防控(kong)，夯實綠(lv)色發展基礎

　　第一節　強(qiang)化(hua)生態空間管控

　　第二(er)節　推進供(gong)給(gei)側結構(gou)性(xing)改革(ge)

　　第三(san)節　強化綠色科技創(chuang)新引領

　　第四節　推(tui)動區域綠色協(xie)調發展

　　第四(si)章　深化(hua)質量管理，大力實施(shi)三大行動計劃

　　第一節　分區(qu)施策(ce)改善大氣(qi)環境質量

　　第二節　精(jing)準發力提升(sheng)水環境質量

　　第三節　分類防(fang)治土壤環境污染

　　第五章　實施專項(xiang)治(zhi)理，全(quan)面推(tui)進(jin)達標(biao)排放與污染(ran)減(jian)排

　　第(di)一節(jie)　實施工(gong)業污染源全(quan)面(mian)達標(biao)排放計(ji)劃

　　第二節(jie)　深入推(tui)進(jin)重(zhong)點污染物減排

　　第三(san)節(jie)　加強(qiang)基礎設施建(jian)設

　　第四節(jie)　加快農業農村環境綜合治理

　　第六章　實行全程(cheng)管控(kong)，有效(xiao)防范和降(jiang)低環境風險

　　第(di)一節　完善(shan)風險防控(kong)和應(ying)急響應(ying)體系

　　第二(er)節　加(jia)大(da)重金(jin)屬污(wu)染防治力度

　　第三節(jie)　提高危(wei)險廢物(wu)處(chu)置水平(ping)

　　第(di)四節　夯實化學品風險防(fang)控基礎

　　第五節　加強核(he)與(yu)輻射安(an)全(quan)管理(li)

　　第七(qi)章(zhang)　加大保護力度(du)，強化(hua)生態修(xiu)復

　　第一節　維護國家生態安全

　　第二節　管護重(zhong)點生態區域

　　第三節(jie)　保護重要(yao)生態系統

　　第四節(jie)　提升(sheng)生態(tai)系統功能

　　第五節　修復生(sheng)態退化地(di)區

　　第六(liu)節　擴(kuo)大(da)生態產品供(gong)給

　　第七節　保護生物多樣性

　　第八章　加快制度創新，積極推進治理體(ti)系和治理能力現代(dai)化(hua)

　　第一節(jie)　健全法治體系

　　第二(er)節(jie)　完善市(shi)場機制

　　第(di)三節　落實地方責任

　　第四節　加強企業監管

　　第五節　實施全民行(xing)動(dong)

　　第六節　提(ti)升(sheng)治(zhi)理能(neng)力(li)

　　第九章　實施一(yi)批國家生態環境保護重大工(gong)程(cheng)

　　第十章　健全(quan)規劃實施保障措施

　　第一節　明確(que)任務分(fen)工(gong)

　　第二節　加大投入(ru)力度

　　第三節　加(jia)強國(guo)際合(he)作

　　第四節　推進試點示范(fan)

　　第五節　嚴(yan)格評估考(kao)核

　　第一章　全(quan)國(guo)生態環(huan)境保護形勢

　　黨中央、國務(wu)院(yuan)高度重視生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護工作。“十(shi)二五(wu)”以來(lai)，堅決向污染宣戰，全(quan)力推進大氣、水、土壤污染防(fang)治，持續加(jia)大生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護力度，生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量有所改善，完(wan)成了“十(shi)二五(wu)”規劃確(que)定的(de)主要目標和(he)任(ren)務(wu)。“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)”期間，經(jing)濟社(she)會發展不(bu)平衡、不(bu)協調、不(bu)可持續的(de)問題仍然突出，多階段、多領域、多類型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題交織，生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)與人民群眾(zhong)需求和(he)期待(dai)差(cha)距較大，提高環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量，加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)綜合(he)治理，加(jia)快(kuai)補齊(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)短板，是當(dang)前(qian)核心(xin)任(ren)務(wu)。

　　第(di)一節(jie)　生態環境(jing)保護取得積極進展

　　生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設上升(sheng)為(wei)國家(jia)戰略。黨中央、國務院高(gao)度重視生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設。習近平總(zong)(zong)書記多次(ci)強調，“綠(lv)水青山(shan)(shan)就是金山(shan)(shan)銀山(shan)(shan)”，“要堅持(chi)節約資源和保護(hu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的基本國策(ce)”，“像(xiang)保護(hu)眼睛一(yi)樣(yang)保護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，像(xiang)對待生(sheng)命一(yi)樣(yang)對待生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)”。李(li)克(ke)強總(zong)(zong)理多次(ci)指出(chu)，要加大環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合治理力度，提高(gao)生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)水平，促進綠(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，下決心走出(chu)一(yi)條經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)改善雙贏之路(lu)。黨的十八大以來，黨中央、國務院把生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設擺在更加重要的戰略位置，納入(ru)“五位一(yi)體(ti)”總(zong)(zong)體(ti)布局，作出(chu)一(yi)系列重大決策(ce)部署，出(chu)臺《生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)體(ti)制改革總(zong)(zong)體(ti)方(fang)案(an)》，實施大氣、水、土壤污(wu)染防(fang)治行動計劃(hua)。把發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀、執(zhi)政觀、自然(ran)觀內在統一(yi)起來，融入(ru)到執(zhi)政理念、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念中，生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)設的認識高(gao)度、實踐深度、推(tui)進力度前(qian)所(suo)未(wei)有(you)。

　　生態環(huan)境質量有所改善(shan)。2015年(nian)，全國(guo)338個地級及以上城市(shi)細顆粒物（PM2.5）年(nian)均(jun)濃度(du)為50微克/立方(fang)(fang)米，首批(pi)開展監(jian)(jian)測(ce)的74個城市(shi)細顆粒物年(nian)均(jun)濃度(du)比(bi)2013年(nian)下降23.6%，京津冀、長三角(jiao)、珠三角(jiao)分別(bie)下降27.4%、20.9%、27.7%，酸(suan)雨區占國(guo)土(tu)面積比(bi)例(li)由歷史高峰值的30%左右降至(zhi)7.6%，大氣污染防治(zhi)初見成(cheng)效。全國(guo)1940個地表水國(guo)控斷面Ⅰ—Ⅲ類比(bi)例(li)提(ti)高至(zhi)66%，劣Ⅴ類比(bi)例(li)下降至(zhi)9.7%，大江(jiang)大河干流(liu)水質明(ming)顯改善(shan)。全國(guo)森林覆蓋率提(ti)高至(zhi)21.66%，森林蓄積量達到151.4億立方(fang)(fang)米，草原綜合植被蓋度(du)54%。建成(cheng)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區2740個，占陸(lu)地國(guo)土(tu)面積14.8%，超過90%的陸(lu)地自然(ran)(ran)(ran)生態系統(tong)類型、89%的國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)保護野(ye)生動植物種(zhong)類以及大多數重(zhong)要自然(ran)(ran)(ran)遺(yi)跡在(zai)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區內得到保護，大熊貓、東北虎、朱鹮、藏(zang)羚(ling)羊、揚子鱷(e)等部分珍稀(xi)瀕危物種(zhong)野(ye)外種(zhong)群(qun)數量穩中有升。荒漠(mo)化和沙化狀況連續三個監(jian)(jian)測(ce)周期實現面積“雙縮(suo)減”。

　　治污減(jian)排(pai)(pai)目標任務超額完(wan)成。到(dao)2015年，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)脫硫(liu)(liu)、脫硝機組容(rong)量(liang)占煤電總裝機容(rong)量(liang)比例(li)分(fen)別提(ti)(ti)高到(dao)99%、92%，完(wan)成煤電機組超低排(pai)(pai)放(fang)改(gai)造1.6億千瓦。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)城市(shi)污水(shui)處理(li)率提(ti)(ti)高到(dao)92%，城市(shi)建成區生活垃圾無害化(hua)處理(li)率達到(dao)94.1%。7.2萬個村莊實(shi)施環(huan)境綜合整治，1.2億多農(nong)村人口直接受益。6.1萬家規模化(hua)養(yang)殖場(chang)（小區）建成廢(fei)棄物(wu)處理(li)和(he)資源化(hua)利用(yong)設施。“十二五”期間，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)化(hua)學需(xu)氧量(liang)和(he)氨氮、二氧化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)、氮氧化(hua)物(wu)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)總量(liang)分(fen)別累計下降12.9%、13%、18%、18.6%。

　　生態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)取得成(cheng)效。天然林資源保(bao)護、退耕還(huan)林還(huan)草、退牧還(huan)草、防(fang)護林體系(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)、河湖與(yu)濕(shi)(shi)地保(bao)護修(xiu)復(fu)、防(fang)沙治(zhi)沙、水(shui)土保(bao)持、石漠化(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理、野生動植物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護及自然保(bao)護區(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)等一(yi)批重大生態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護與(yu)修(xiu)復(fu)工程穩步實施。重點國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)林區(qu)天然林全部停止(zhi)商業性(xing)采伐。全國(guo)(guo)(guo)受(shou)保(bao)護的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地面積增加525.94萬(wan)公(gong)頃，自然濕(shi)(shi)地保(bao)護率提高(gao)到(dao)46.8%。沙化(hua)(hua)土地治(zhi)理10萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里、水(shui)土流失治(zhi)理26.6萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里。完(wan)成(cheng)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)生態(tai)(tai)環境十年(nian)變化(hua)(hua)（2000—2010年(nian)）調查(cha)評估，發布《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)紅色名錄》。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立各級森林公(gong)園、濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園、沙漠公(gong)園4300多個(ge)。16個(ge)省(sheng)（區(qu)、市）開(kai)展生態(tai)(tai)省(sheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，1000多個(ge)市（縣(xian)、區(qu)）開(kai)展生態(tai)(tai)市（縣(xian)、區(qu)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，114個(ge)市（縣(xian)、區(qu)）獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家生態(tai)(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)示范區(qu)命名。國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)林場(chang)改(gai)革方(fang)案及國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)林區(qu)改(gai)革指導意(yi)見印發實施，6個(ge)省(sheng)完(wan)成(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)林場(chang)改(gai)革試(shi)點任務(wu)。

　　環境風險防控穩步推(tui)進。到2015年，50個危險廢物(wu)(wu)、273個醫療廢物(wu)(wu)集中處(chu)置設施基本建成，歷史(shi)遺(yi)留(liu)的(de)670萬(wan)噸鉻渣全部處(chu)置完畢，鉛(qian)、汞、鎘、鉻、砷五(wu)種重(zhong)金屬(shu)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)排放量比2007年下降27.7%，涉重(zhong)金屬(shu)突(tu)發環境事件(jian)數量大幅減少。科學應對天津港“8 12”特別(bie)重(zhong)大火災(zai)爆(bao)炸(zha)等事故環境影響。核(he)設施安全水平(ping)持(chi)續提高，核(he)技(ji)術利用(yong)管理(li)日趨規范(fan)，輻射環境質量保(bao)持(chi)良好(hao)。

　　生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)法治建設(she)不斷完(wan)善(shan)。環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)法、大氣(qi)污染防治法、放射性(xing)廢(fei)物安全(quan)管理條(tiao)例、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質量標準等完(wan)成制修訂，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)責任追(zhui)究辦法等文件陸續(xu)出臺，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)補償機制進(jin)一步健全(quan)。深入(ru)開展環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)法實施(shi)年活動和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)綜合督察。全(quan)社(she)會生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)法治觀(guan)念和意識不斷加(jia)強(qiang)。

　　第二節　生態環境是全面建(jian)成小康社會(hui)的突出(chu)短(duan)板

　　污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)面廣，環(huan)境污(wu)(wu)染重。我(wo)國化學需氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、二氧(yang)化硫等主要(yao)污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)仍然處于2000萬噸左(zuo)右的(de)高位，環(huan)境承(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)超過或接近上(shang)限。78.4%的(de)城市空氣質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)未(wei)達(da)標，公眾反映強烈的(de)重度及(ji)以上(shang)污(wu)(wu)染天數比(bi)例(li)占(zhan)3.2%，部(bu)分地區冬季空氣重污(wu)(wu)染頻發高發。飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)安全(quan)保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)平亟需提升(sheng)，排(pai)污(wu)(wu)布局與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境承(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)不匹配，城市建(jian)成區黑臭(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)存在，湖庫(ku)富營養化問(wen)題依(yi)然突出(chu)，部(bu)分流域水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)污(wu)(wu)染依(yi)然較(jiao)重。全(quan)國土壤(rang)點位超標率(lv)16.1%，耕地土壤(rang)點位超標率(lv)19.4%，工(gong)礦廢棄(qi)地土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染問(wen)題突出(chu)。城鄉環(huan)境公共服務差距大(da)，治理和(he)改善任(ren)務艱巨。

　　山水(shui)林(lin)(lin)田(tian)湖缺乏統籌保護(hu)，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)損害(hai)大。中度(du)(du)以上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)脆(cui)(cui)弱區域占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國陸地(di)國土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)55%，荒漠(mo)化和石(shi)漠(mo)化土(tu)(tu)地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)國土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)近20%。森(sen)林(lin)(lin)系統低質化、森(sen)林(lin)(lin)結(jie)構(gou)純(chun)林(lin)(lin)化、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能低效化、自(zi)然景觀(guan)人工化趨勢加劇(ju)，每年(nian)違法違規侵(qin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)林(lin)(lin)地(di)約200萬(wan)(wan)畝，全(quan)國森(sen)林(lin)(lin)單(dan)位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)蓄(xu)積(ji)(ji)量只有全(quan)球平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)78%。全(quan)國草原生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)總體惡化局面(mian)(mian)尚未根(gen)本扭轉，中度(du)(du)和重(zhong)度(du)(du)退(tui)化草原面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)仍占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1/3以上(shang)(shang)，已恢(hui)復(fu)的(de)草原生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統較為(wei)脆(cui)(cui)弱。全(quan)國濕地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)近年(nian)來每年(nian)減(jian)少約510萬(wan)(wan)畝，900多(duo)種脊椎動(dong)物(wu)、3700多(duo)種高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)存受(shou)到威(wei)脅(xie)。資源過度(du)(du)開(kai)發利用(yong)導致生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)破壞(huai)問題突(tu)出，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)空(kong)間不斷被蠶食侵(qin)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，一些地(di)區生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)資源破壞(huai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，系統保護(hu)難(nan)度(du)(du)加大。

　　產(chan)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構和(he)布局不合理，生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)高(gao)(gao)。我國(guo)是化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)消費(fei)大國(guo)，有(you)毒有(you)害污染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)種類(lei)不斷增(zeng)加，區域性(xing)、結(jie)構性(xing)、布局性(xing)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)日益凸顯。環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)數量龐(pang)大、近水靠城(cheng)，危險(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)安全事故導致的環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)事件(jian)頻發。突(tu)發環(huan)境(jing)(jing)事件(jian)呈(cheng)現原因(yin)復雜(za)、污染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)質多樣、影(ying)響(xiang)地域敏感、影(ying)響(xiang)范圍擴大的趨勢。過去十年年均發生(sheng)森林火災7600多起，森林病蟲害發生(sheng)面積1.75億畝以上(shang)。近年來，年均截(jie)獲(huo)有(you)害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)達100萬(wan)批次，動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)傳染(ran)(ran)(ran)及檢疫(yi)性(xing)有(you)害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)從國(guo)境(jing)(jing)口(kou)岸(an)傳入(ru)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)高(gao)(gao)。

　　第三節　生態(tai)環境保護面臨機遇與挑戰

　　“十三五(wu)”期間，生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)面臨重(zhong)要的戰(zhan)略(lve)機遇。全面深(shen)化改革與全面依(yi)法治(zhi)國深(shen)入推進，創新(xin)發展和綠色發展深(shen)入實施，生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設體制(zhi)機制(zhi)逐(zhu)步健全，為環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)釋放政策紅(hong)利(li)、法治(zhi)紅(hong)利(li)和技術紅(hong)利(li)。經濟轉型升級、供(gong)給側結構性改革加快化解(jie)重(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)過剩產(chan)能、增加生(sheng)(sheng)態產(chan)品供(gong)給，污(wu)染(ran)物新(xin)增排放壓力(li)趨緩(huan)。公眾生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)意識日益(yi)增強，全社會(hui)保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的合力(li)逐(zhu)步形成。

　　同時(shi)，我(wo)國工業化(hua)、城鎮化(hua)、農業現(xian)代化(hua)的任務(wu)尚未完成(cheng)，生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)仍面(mian)臨巨大(da)(da)壓力。伴隨著經(jing)濟下行(xing)壓力加(jia)大(da)(da)，發展與保(bao)護(hu)的矛(mao)盾更加(jia)突出，一些地(di)(di)方環(huan)保(bao)投入(ru)減弱，進一步(bu)推(tui)進環(huan)境(jing)治理(li)和質量改善任務(wu)艱巨。區(qu)域生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)分化(hua)趨勢顯現(xian)，污(wu)染點狀分布轉向面(mian)上擴張，部分地(di)(di)區(qu)生態(tai)系統穩定(ding)性和服務(wu)功能下降，統籌協(xie)調保(bao)護(hu)難度大(da)(da)。我(wo)國積極(ji)應對(dui)全球(qiu)氣候變(bian)化(hua)，推(tui)進“一帶一路(lu)”建(jian)設，國際社(she)會尤其是(shi)發達國家要求我(wo)國承擔更多環(huan)境(jing)責任，深度參與全球(qiu)環(huan)境(jing)治理(li)挑戰大(da)(da)。

　　“十三五”期(qi)間，生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)與挑戰并存，既是負(fu)重前行、大有作(zuo)為的關鍵期(qi)，也是實現質(zhi)量(liang)改善(shan)的攻堅(jian)期(qi)、窗口期(qi)。要充分(fen)利(li)用新機(ji)(ji)遇(yu)新條件，妥善(shan)應對(dui)各種風險和挑戰，堅(jian)定推進生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)，提(ti)高(gao)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)。

　　第二(er)章　指導思想、基本原則與主要目標(biao)

　　第(di)一節　指導思想

　　全面貫徹(che)黨的(de)十八(ba)大和十八(ba)屆三(san)中(zhong)(zhong)、四中(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)、六(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)全會精神，以(yi)鄧小平理(li)(li)論、“三(san)個(ge)(ge)代(dai)表”重要(yao)思(si)想、科(ke)(ke)學發展(zhan)觀(guan)為(wei)指(zhi)導，深入(ru)貫徹(che)習近平總書記(ji)系列重要(yao)講話精神和治(zhi)(zhi)國理(li)(li)政新理(li)(li)念(nian)新思(si)想新戰(zhan)略，統籌推進(jin)“五位(wei)一(yi)體(ti)”總體(ti)布局和協(xie)調推進(jin)“四個(ge)(ge)全面”戰(zhan)略布局，牢固樹立(li)和貫徹(che)落(luo)實創新、協(xie)調、綠(lv)色、開(kai)放、共享的(de)發展(zhan)理(li)(li)念(nian)，按照黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國務院決策部署，以(yi)提(ti)高環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量為(wei)核心，實施最嚴格的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護制度，打好大氣(qi)、水、土壤污(wu)染(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)三(san)大戰(zhan)役，加(jia)強生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)護與修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)，嚴密(mi)防(fang)控生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風險，加(jia)快推進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)領域國家治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)體(ti)系和治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)力現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，不(bu)斷提(ti)高生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)管理(li)(li)系統化(hua)、科(ke)(ke)學化(hua)、法治(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)、精細(xi)化(hua)、信息(xi)化(hua)水平，為(wei)人民(min)提(ti)供更多優(you)質生(sheng)態(tai)產品，為(wei)實現(xian)“兩個(ge)(ge)一(yi)百年(nian)”奮斗目標和中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族偉大復(fu)(fu)興的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國夢作出貢獻。

　　第(di)二節(jie)　基(ji)本(ben)原則

　　堅持(chi)綠色(se)(se)發展、標本兼治(zhi)。綠色(se)(se)富國、綠色(se)(se)惠民，處理(li)好(hao)發展和(he)保護(hu)的關系，協同(tong)推(tui)進新型工業化(hua)、城鎮化(hua)、信息(xi)化(hua)、農業現代(dai)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)綠色(se)(se)化(hua)。堅持(chi)立(li)足當前(qian)與(yu)(yu)著眼長(chang)遠(yuan)相(xiang)結合，加強(qiang)生(sheng)態環境保護(hu)與(yu)(yu)穩增長(chang)、調結構(gou)、惠民生(sheng)、防(fang)風(feng)險相(xiang)結合，強(qiang)化(hua)源(yuan)(yuan)頭防(fang)控，推(tui)進供(gong)給側結構(gou)性(xing)改革，優化(hua)空(kong)間(jian)布局，推(tui)動形成綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)產和(he)綠色(se)(se)生(sheng)活方式，從源(yuan)(yuan)頭預防(fang)生(sheng)態破壞和(he)環境污染，加大生(sheng)態環境治(zhi)理(li)力度，促進人與(yu)(yu)自然和(he)諧(xie)發展。

　　堅持質量核心、系統施治(zhi)。以解(jie)決生態(tai)(tai)環境突出問題(ti)為導向，分區域、分流域、分階段明確生態(tai)(tai)環境質量改(gai)善目標(biao)任務(wu)。統籌運用結(jie)構優(you)化、污(wu)染治(zhi)理、污(wu)染減排、達標(biao)排放、生態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)等多種手段，實施一批重(zhong)大工程(cheng)，開(kai)展(zhan)多污(wu)染物協同防治(zhi)，系統推進生態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復與環境治(zhi)理，確保生態(tai)(tai)環境質量穩步(bu)提(ti)升，提(ti)高優(you)質生態(tai)(tai)產品(pin)供給能力。

　　堅持空間(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控、分類防治(zhi)。生(sheng)(sheng)態優(you)先，統籌生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)態空間(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，劃定并嚴守(shou)生(sheng)(sheng)態保護(hu)紅線，維護(hu)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)全。建立(li)系統完(wan)整、責權清晰、監管(guan)(guan)(guan)有效的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)格局，實施(shi)差異化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，分區分類管(guan)(guan)(guan)控，分級分項施(shi)策，提(ti)升精細化管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平。

　　堅持改革創(chuang)新、強化(hua)法治(zhi)。以改革創(chuang)新推進(jin)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護，轉變環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)理(li)念和方(fang)式，改革生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)基礎制度，建立(li)覆蓋所(suo)有固(gu)定污染源的企業排放許可(ke)制，實行(xing)省以下環(huan)保機構(gou)監測監察執法垂直管理(li)制度，加快形成系統完整的生(sheng)態文(wen)明制度體系。加強環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)立(li)法、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)司法、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)執法，從硬(ying)從嚴(yan)，重拳出擊(ji)，促進(jin)全社會遵紀守法。依靠(kao)法律和制度加強生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護，實現源頭(tou)嚴(yan)防、過程嚴(yan)管、后(hou)果嚴(yan)懲。

　　堅持履職盡責(ze)(ze)(ze)、社會共治(zhi)(zhi)。建立嚴格的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)度，合理劃分中央和(he)地方(fang)環(huan)境保護(hu)事權(quan)和(he)支出責(ze)(ze)(ze)任，落實(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)“黨政同責(ze)(ze)(ze)”、“一崗雙責(ze)(ze)(ze)”。落實(shi)企業環(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任，動員全(quan)社會積(ji)極參(can)與生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護(hu)，激勵(li)與約束并舉，政府(fu)與市場“兩手發(fa)力”，形(xing)成政府(fu)、企業、公眾共治(zhi)(zhi)的環(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi)。

　　第三節　主要(yao)目標(biao)

　　到(dao)(dao)2020年，生(sheng)態(tai)環境質量總(zong)(zong)體改善。生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活(huo)方式(shi)綠(lv)色、低碳水(shui)平(ping)上升，主要(yao)污染(ran)物排放總(zong)(zong)量大(da)幅減(jian)少(shao)，環境風(feng)險(xian)得到(dao)(dao)有效控(kong)制，生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)下降勢頭得到(dao)(dao)基本(ben)控(kong)制，生(sheng)態(tai)系統穩定性(xing)明顯(xian)增強，生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障基本(ben)形成，生(sheng)態(tai)環境領(ling)域(yu)國家治理(li)體系和治理(li)能(neng)力現代化取(qu)得重大(da)進展(zhan)，生(sheng)態(tai)文明建設(she)水(shui)平(ping)與全(quan)面建成小康社會目標(biao)相適應。

　　第(di)三章　強化源頭防(fang)控，夯實綠色發展(zhan)基礎

　　綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是從(cong)源(yuan)頭破解(jie)我國資源(yuan)環境(jing)約束瓶頸、提高發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)質(zhi)量的關鍵(jian)。要創新(xin)調控方(fang)式，強化源(yuan)頭管理，以生(sheng)態空間管控引導構(gou)建綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)格局，以生(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)推進供(gong)給側結構(gou)性(xing)改革，以綠(lv)色(se)(se)科技創新(xin)引領(ling)生(sheng)態環境(jing)治(zhi)理，促(cu)進重(zhong)點區域綠(lv)色(se)(se)、協調發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，加快形成節約資源(yuan)和保(bao)護(hu)環境(jing)的空間布局、產(chan)業結構(gou)和生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式，從(cong)源(yuan)頭保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)態環境(jing)。

　　第(di)一節　強化生態(tai)空間管控

　　全(quan)面落(luo)實(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)規(gui)劃。強化(hua)(hua)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)國土空間(jian)開發(fa)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)(de)基礎作用(yong)，推動形成(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)布局。依據不(bu)同(tong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位，制(zhi)定(ding)差(cha)異化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)目標、治(zhi)理保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)措施和(he)考核評價(jia)要求。禁止開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)實(shi)施強制(zhi)性生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，嚴格控制(zhi)人為因(yin)素(su)對(dui)(dui)自然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)和(he)自然(ran)(ran)文化(hua)(hua)遺產原真(zhen)性、完(wan)整性的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾，嚴禁不(bu)符合主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)定(ding)位的(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)開發(fa)活動，引導人口逐步(bu)有(you)序轉移。限制(zhi)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)重點生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)開發(fa)強度得到有(you)效控制(zhi)，形成(cheng)環境(jing)(jing)友好型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)結(jie)構，保(bao)持并(bing)提(ti)高生(sheng)態(tai)產品(pin)供給能(neng)力(li)，增(zeng)強生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)服務功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。限制(zhi)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)農產品(pin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)著力(li)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)耕地土壤環境(jing)(jing)，確保(bao)農產品(pin)供給和(he)質量(liang)安全(quan)。重點開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)加(jia)強環境(jing)(jing)管理與治(zhi)理，大幅降低(di)污染物排放強度，減(jian)少工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)、城(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)影響，改善人居(ju)環境(jing)(jing)，努力(li)提(ti)高環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)。優(you)化(hua)(hua)開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)引導城(cheng)市集約緊湊、綠色低(di)碳發(fa)展，擴大綠色生(sheng)態(tai)空間(jian)，優(you)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)格局。實(shi)施海洋主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)規(gui)劃，優(you)化(hua)(hua)海洋資源開發(fa)格局。

　　劃(hua)(hua)定并嚴(yan)守(shou)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)。2017年(nian)(nian)底(di)前，京津冀(ji)區域、長江(jiang)經濟(ji)帶沿線(xian)各(ge)省（市）劃(hua)(hua)定生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)；2018年(nian)(nian)底(di)前，其他(ta)省（區、市）劃(hua)(hua)定生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)；2020年(nian)(nian)底(di)前，全(quan)面完成全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)劃(hua)(hua)定、勘界定標(biao)，基本建立(li)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)制度(du)。制定生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)管(guan)控措施，建立(li)健全(quan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)補(bu)償機制，定期發(fa)布生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀況信息(xi)。建立(li)監控體系(xi)與評價考核制度(du)，對各(ge)省（區、市）生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)成效進(jin)行(xing)評價考核。全(quan)面保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障國(guo)家生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)和提升森林、草原(yuan)、河流、湖泊、濕地、海(hai)洋(yang)等(deng)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統功能，提高優質(zhi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)產品(pin)供(gong)給能力。

　　推(tui)動(dong)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)(he)一”。以(yi)(yi)主體功(gong)能區規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)完(wan)善生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)管控(kong)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)承載力(li)調控(kong)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量底線控(kong)制、戰略環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評與(yu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評剛性(xing)約束等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)引導(dao)和管控(kong)要求，制定(ding)落實生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護紅線、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量底線、資源(yuan)利用(yong)上線和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)準入負面(mian)清單(dan)的技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)，強(qiang)化“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)(he)一”的生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)支持(chi)。以(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)縣級行(xing)政區為(wei)單(dan)元，建立由空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、用(yong)途管制、差異(yi)化績效考(kao)核等(deng)(deng)構(gou)成的空(kong)間(jian)(jian)治理體系。積極推(tui)動(dong)建立國家空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)體系，統(tong)籌各類(lei)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，推(tui)進(jin)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)(he)一”。研究制定(ding)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護促進(jin)“多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)(he)一”的指(zhi)導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)。自2018年起，啟動(dong)省域(yu)、區域(yu)、城市(shi)(shi)群生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護空(kong)間(jian)(jian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)研究。

　　第二(er)節　推(tui)進供給側結構性改革

　　強化(hua)(hua)環境(jing)硬(ying)約束推(tui)動淘(tao)汰落(luo)(luo)后(hou)和(he)過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)。建(jian)立重(zhong)污染(ran)產(chan)能(neng)退出(chu)和(he)過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)解機(ji)制，對(dui)(dui)長期超(chao)標(biao)(biao)排放(fang)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)、無治理能(neng)力且無治理意愿的(de)企業(ye)(ye)、達(da)標(biao)(biao)無望的(de)企業(ye)(ye)，依(yi)法予以關閉淘(tao)汰。修(xiu)訂完(wan)善環境(jing)保護(hu)綜合名錄，推(tui)動淘(tao)汰高(gao)污染(ran)、高(gao)環境(jing)風險的(de)工藝(yi)、設(she)備與產(chan)品。鼓勵(li)各(ge)地制定范圍更寬、標(biao)(biao)準更高(gao)的(de)落(luo)(luo)后(hou)產(chan)能(neng)淘(tao)汰政策，京(jing)津冀地區要加大(da)對(dui)(dui)不能(neng)實現達(da)標(biao)(biao)排放(fang)的(de)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)等(deng)過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)淘(tao)汰力度。依(yi)據(ju)區域(yu)資源環境(jing)承載能(neng)力，確定各(ge)地區造紙、制革、印染(ran)、焦化(hua)(hua)、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)硫(liu)、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)砷(shen)、煉(lian)(lian)(lian)油、電鍍、農(nong)藥等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)規模限值。實行(xing)新（改、擴）建(jian)項目重(zhong)點污染(ran)物排放(fang)等(deng)量或減量置(zhi)換。調整優化(hua)(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構，煤炭、鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、水泥、平板玻璃等(deng)產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)(guo)剩(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)實行(xing)產(chan)能(neng)等(deng)量或減量置(zhi)換。

　　嚴格環保(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗要(yao)求促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)業加(jia)(jia)快升(sheng)級改造(zao)(zao)。實施(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗總量(liang)和(he)(he)強(qiang)度“雙控”行(xing)動(dong)，全(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業、建筑、交通(tong)運輸(shu)、公共機構等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點領(ling)域節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。嚴格新建項目節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)評估審(shen)查，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監察(cha)，強(qiang)化(hua)全(quan)過程節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監管。鋼鐵、有色金(jin)屬、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、建材、輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)、紡織(zhi)等(deng)(deng)傳統(tong)制造(zao)(zao)業全(quan)面(mian)實施(shi)電機、變壓(ya)器(qi)等(deng)(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)、清潔(jie)生產、節水(shui)治污、循環利用(yong)等(deng)(deng)專項技術改造(zao)(zao)，實施(shi)系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)、燃煤鍋爐節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環保(bao)綜合提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)、綠色照明、余熱暖(nuan)民等(deng)(deng)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。支持(chi)企(qi)業增強(qiang)綠色精益制造(zao)(zao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，推動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業園區和(he)(he)企(qi)業應用(yong)分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源。

　　促(cu)進(jin)(jin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)制造和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供(gong)給(gei)。從(cong)設(she)(she)計、原料、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、采(cai)購、物流、回(hui)收等(deng)(deng)全(quan)流程強化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)全(quan)生(sheng)命周期(qi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)管(guan)理。支持企(qi)業(ye)推行綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)設(she)(she)計，開發綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，完善綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)包裝標準(zhun)體系(xi)，推動包裝減量化(hua)、無害化(hua)和材料回(hui)收利用(yong)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)工(gong)廠(chang)，發展(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)工(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)區，打造綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)供(gong)應鏈，開展(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)評價和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)制造工(gong)藝(yi)推廣行動，全(quan)面推進(jin)(jin)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)制造體系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。增強綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)供(gong)給(gei)能力(li)，整(zheng)合(he)環保、節(jie)能、節(jie)水、循環、低碳(tan)、再生(sheng)、有(you)機(ji)等(deng)(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證，建(jian)(jian)立(li)統(tong)一(yi)的綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)標準(zhun)、認證、標識體系(xi)。發展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)態農業(ye)和有(you)機(ji)農業(ye)，加(jia)快有(you)機(ji)食品(pin)(pin)基(ji)地建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)，增加(jia)有(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)供(gong)給(gei)。到2020年，創建(jian)(jian)百家綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)設(she)(she)計示(shi)范(fan)企(qi)業(ye)、百家綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)示(shi)范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)區、千(qian)家綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)示(shi)范(fan)工(gong)廠(chang)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)制造體系(xi)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)(jian)立(li)。

　　推(tui)(tui)動(dong)循環發展。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)循環發展引(yin)領計(ji)劃，推(tui)(tui)進城市低值廢棄(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)集中處置，開展資(zi)(zi)源循環利(li)用示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)生態工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)一(yi)批(pi)循環經(jing)濟領域國家新型工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)循環經(jing)濟示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)市縣(xian)(xian)。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)高端再(zai)(zai)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)、智能(neng)(neng)再(zai)(zai)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)在役再(zai)(zai)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)。深化工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用基(ji)(ji)地(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)試(shi)點，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)源再(zai)(zai)生利(li)用示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)。依托國家“城市礦產(chan)”示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)，培育(yu)一(yi)批(pi)回收(shou)和(he)(he)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用骨(gu)干企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、再(zai)(zai)生資(zi)(zi)源利(li)用產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)園區(qu)。健全(quan)再(zai)(zai)生資(zi)(zi)源回收(shou)利(li)用網(wang)絡，規范(fan)(fan)(fan)完善廢鋼(gang)鐵(tie)、廢舊(jiu)輪胎、廢舊(jiu)紡織(zhi)品與服裝、廢塑料、廢舊(jiu)動(dong)力電池(chi)等綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管理。嘗試(shi)建(jian)(jian)立逆向回收(shou)渠道，推(tui)(tui)廣“互聯網(wang)+回收(shou)”、智能(neng)(neng)回收(shou)等新型回收(shou)方(fang)式，實(shi)行生產(chan)者(zhe)責任延伸制(zhi)度(du)。到(dao)2020年，全(quan)國工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用率(lv)(lv)提高到(dao)73%。實(shi)現化肥農藥零增長，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)循環農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)，推(tui)(tui)進秸(jie)稈高值化和(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化利(li)用。到(dao)2020年，秸(jie)稈綜(zong)合(he)利(li)用率(lv)(lv)達到(dao)85%，國家現代農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)區(qu)和(he)(he)糧食(shi)主產(chan)縣(xian)(xian)基(ji)(ji)本實(shi)現農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)源循環利(li)用。

　　推進節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展。推動(dong)低碳循環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、治(zhi)污減排、監測(ce)(ce)監控等(deng)核心環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)技(ji)術工(gong)藝、成套產(chan)(chan)品、裝(zhuang)備設備、材料藥劑研發與(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化，盡快(kuai)形成一批具有(you)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的主導技(ji)術和(he)產(chan)(chan)品。鼓(gu)勵發展節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)技(ji)術咨詢、系統設計(ji)(ji)、設備制造、工(gong)程施工(gong)、運(yun)營(ying)管理等(deng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。大力(li)發展環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，推進形成合同(tong)能(neng)源(yuan)管理、合同(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水管理、第(di)三方監測(ce)(ce)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)污染第(di)三方治(zhi)理及環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護政府(fu)和(he)社會(hui)資(zi)本(ben)合作等(deng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)市場，開展小城鎮、園區環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)綜合治(zhi)理托管服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)試點(dian)。規(gui)范環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)績效合同(tong)管理，逐(zhu)步建(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)績效評價考(kao)核機制。發布政府(fu)采購環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)清單。鼓(gu)勵社會(hui)資(zi)本(ben)投資(zi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，培育一批具有(you)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的大型節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)品牌。鼓(gu)勵生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)領(ling)域大眾(zhong)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、萬(wan)眾(zhong)創新(xin)。充分發揮環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)組(zu)織、科(ke)技(ji)社團在環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)、成果轉化和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化過程中的作用。完善行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)監管制度，開展環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)常規(gui)調查統計(ji)(ji)工(gong)作，建(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)誠信檔案(an)，發布環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展報(bao)告。

　　第(di)三節　強(qiang)化綠色科技創新引(yin)領

　　推進綠(lv)色化(hua)與(yu)創(chuang)新驅動(dong)(dong)深(shen)度融(rong)合。把(ba)綠(lv)色化(hua)作為(wei)國家實施創(chuang)新驅動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)戰略、經濟(ji)轉型發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基點(dian)，推進綠(lv)色化(hua)與(yu)各(ge)領(ling)域新興技(ji)術(shu)深(shen)度融(rong)合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)智能(neng)(neng)綠(lv)色制造技(ji)術(shu)，推動(dong)(dong)制造業(ye)(ye)向價值鏈高(gao)端攀升。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)生態綠(lv)色、高(gao)效(xiao)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術(shu)，深(shen)入開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)節水農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、循環農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、有機農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、現代林業(ye)(ye)和生物肥(fei)料等技(ji)術(shu)研發(fa)(fa)，促進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)提質增效(xiao)和可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)安(an)全(quan)、清潔、高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)現代能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)，推動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產和消費革命。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)資源(yuan)(yuan)節約循環利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵技(ji)術(shu)，建立城鎮生活(huo)垃(la)圾資源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用(yong)、再生資源(yuan)(yuan)回收利用(yong)、工業(ye)(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢物綜合利用(yong)等技(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系。重(zhong)點(dian)針對(dui)大氣(qi)、水、土壤等問(wen)題，形成源(yuan)(yuan)頭預防、末(mo)端治理(li)和生態環境修復的(de)(de)(de)成套技(ji)術(shu)。

　　加強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設。瞄準(zhun)世界生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)發展前沿，立足我(wo)國生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)護的戰略(lve)要求，突出(chu)自主創(chuang)新、綜合集成創(chuang)新，加快構建(jian)層次清(qing)晰、分工(gong)明(ming)確、運行高效、支撐(cheng)有力的國家生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。重點(dian)建(jian)立以科(ke)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究為(wei)先(xian)導(dao)的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新理(li)論體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以應(ying)用示范為(wei)支撐(cheng)的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)(yan)(yan)發體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以人(ren)體(ti)(ti)健(jian)康為(wei)目標的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)基(ji)準(zhun)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)標準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以提升競爭力為(wei)核心(xin)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)產業培(pei)育體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，以服務保(bao)(bao)障為(wei)基(ji)礎的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。實施環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)領軍人(ren)才(cai)工(gong)程，加強環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)專業技(ji)(ji)術領軍人(ren)才(cai)和(he)青年拔(ba)尖人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養，重點(dian)建(jian)設一批(pi)創(chuang)新人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養基(ji)地，打造一批(pi)高水(shui)平(ping)創(chuang)新團隊。支持相關(guan)院校開(kai)展環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)基(ji)礎科(ke)學(xue)(xue)和(he)應(ying)用科(ke)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究。建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)職業榮譽(yu)制(zhi)度。

　　建(jian)設生態環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺(tai)。統籌科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)資(zi)源，深化生態環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)制改革。加強(qiang)重點實驗(yan)室、工程技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中心、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學觀測(ce)研(yan)究站、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)智庫等科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設，加強(qiang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)發推(tui)(tui)廣，提高(gao)(gao)管理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學化水(shui)平(ping)。積極引導企業與科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構加強(qiang)合作(zuo)(zuo)，強(qiang)化企業創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)主(zhu)體(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)用，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)發、科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)成果轉移轉化和推(tui)(tui)廣應用。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)立(li)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)裝備與服務需(xu)求(qiu)信息(xi)平(ping)臺(tai)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)轉化交易平(ping)臺(tai)。依托(tuo)有條(tiao)件(jian)的科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業園區(qu)，集中打(da)造環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)試驗(yan)區(qu)、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業區(qu)、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)綜合治理(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)服務區(qu)、國際環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)合作(zuo)(zuo)區(qu)、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)高(gao)(gao)水(shui)平(ping)人(ren)才(cai)培養教(jiao)育區(qu)，建(jian)立(li)一批國家級環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)高(gao)(gao)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業開(kai)發區(qu)。

　　實(shi)施(shi)(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)專(zhuan)項(xiang)。繼續實(shi)施(shi)(shi)水體污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)控(kong)制與(yu)治理國(guo)家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)重(zhong)大(da)專(zhuan)項(xiang)，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)成因與(yu)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、典型(xing)脆弱(ruo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)與(yu)保護(hu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、煤炭清潔高(gao)效(xiao)利用(yong)和(he)(he)新型(xing)節(jie)能技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)面(mian)源和(he)(he)重(zhong)金屬污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)農(nong)田綜(zong)合(he)防治與(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、海洋環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)安全保障等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)計劃(hua)專(zhuan)項(xiang)。在京津(jin)冀(ji)地區(qu)(qu)、長江經濟帶(dai)、“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路”沿線(xian)省(sheng)（區(qu)(qu)、市(shi)）等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)開展環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應用(yong)試點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范(fan)，提(ti)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)治理系(xi)統(tong)性技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。打造京津(jin)冀(ji)等(deng)(deng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量提(ti)升協(xie)同(tong)創(chuang)新共同(tong)體，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量提(ti)升創(chuang)新科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工程(cheng)。創(chuang)新青藏高(gao)原等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)屏障帶(dai)保護(hu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)法與(yu)治理模式，研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測預警、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性保護(hu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)紅線(xian)評估(gu)管理、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道構建(jian)等(deng)(deng)關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，建(jian)立一(yi)批生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)與(yu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)。支(zhi)持生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、土壤、大(da)氣(qi)(qi)、溫室氣(qi)(qi)體等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測預警網絡系(xi)統(tong)及關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，支(zhi)持生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)突發(fa)(fa)(fa)事故監測預警及應急(ji)處置技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、遙感監測技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、數據分析與(yu)服務(wu)產(chan)品、高(gao)端環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測儀器(qi)等(deng)(deng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)。開展重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行業(ye)(ye)危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)特性與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)效(xiao)應、危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)溯(su)源及快速識別、全過程(cheng)風險(xian)(xian)防控(kong)、信息化管理技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)領域(yu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，加(jia)快建(jian)立危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)體系(xi)。建(jian)立化學品環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)健(jian)康風險(xian)(xian)評估(gu)方(fang)法、程(cheng)序和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)體系(xi)。加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)管理決(jue)策支(zhi)撐科(ke)(ke)學研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，開展多污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)協(xie)同(tong)控(kong)制、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)系(xi)統(tong)模擬、污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源解(jie)析、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)規(gui)劃(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)損害評估(gu)、網格化管理、綠色國(guo)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)總值核算等(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)法研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)應用(yong)。

　　完(wan)善(shan)環(huan)境標(biao)(biao)準和(he)技術(shu)政(zheng)策體系。研究制(zhi)定(ding)環(huan)境基準，修(xiu)訂土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準，完(wan)善(shan)揮發(fa)性有(you)機(ji)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準體系，嚴(yan)格執行污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。加(jia)快機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)和(he)非道(dao)(dao)路移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準、燃油產(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準的制(zhi)修(xiu)訂和(he)實(shi)(shi)施。發(fa)布實(shi)(shi)施船舶發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)排氣污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)及測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法（中(zhong)國(guo)第一、二階段(duan)）、輕(qing)型汽車(che)和(he)重型汽車(che)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)及測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法（中(zhong)國(guo)第六階段(duan)）、摩(mo)托車(che)和(he)輕(qing)便摩(mo)托車(che)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)及測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法（中(zhong)國(guo)第四階段(duan)）、畜禽養殖污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。修(xiu)訂在用(yong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準，力爭實(shi)(shi)施非道(dao)(dao)路移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)械國(guo)Ⅳ排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準。完(wan)善(shan)環(huan)境保(bao)護技術(shu)政(zheng)策，建立生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護紅線監管技術(shu)規范。健(jian)全鋼鐵、水(shui)泥、化(hua)工等(deng)重點(dian)行業(ye)清潔生(sheng)產(chan)評價指標(biao)(biao)體系。加(jia)快制(zhi)定(ding)完(wan)善(shan)電力、冶金、有(you)色(se)金屬(shu)等(deng)重點(dian)行業(ye)以(yi)及城鄉垃圾處理、機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)船和(he)非道(dao)(dao)路移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)械污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防治、農業(ye)面源污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防治等(deng)重點(dian)領域技術(shu)政(zheng)策。建立危險廢物(wu)利用(yong)處置無(wu)害化(hua)管理標(biao)(biao)準和(he)技術(shu)體系。

　　第四節　推動區域綠色協調發展(zhan)

　　促進四大區(qu)域綠色(se)協調發展(zhan)。西部地(di)(di)區(qu)要(yao)堅持生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)優先(xian)，強化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)，提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全屏障功能(neng)，建(jian)設生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)產品(pin)供給區(qu)，合理(li)開發石油、煤炭、天然氣(qi)等戰略(lve)性(xing)資源(yuan)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游、農畜產品(pin)等特色(se)資源(yuan)。東(dong)北地(di)(di)區(qu)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)強大小興安嶺、長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)等森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統保護(hu)和(he)北方(fang)防沙帶建(jian)設，強化(hua)東(dong)北平原濕地(di)(di)和(he)農用地(di)(di)土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)老工業基(ji)地(di)(di)振興。中部地(di)(di)區(qu)要(yao)以(yi)資源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，有序承接產業轉移，推(tui)(tui)進鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)、洞庭湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)濟區(qu)和(he)漢江、淮河生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經(jing)濟帶建(jian)設，研究(jiu)建(jian)設一批流(liu)域沿岸及交通(tong)通(tong)道(dao)沿線的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)走廊，加(jia)(jia)強水環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)和(he)治理(li)。東(dong)部地(di)(di)區(qu)要(yao)擴大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)空間，提(ti)高環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)資源(yuan)利(li)用效率，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)產業升(sheng)級，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量改善等方(fang)面走在(zai)前列(lie)。

　　推(tui)進“一帶(dai)一路”綠(lv)色化建設。加(jia)強(qiang)中(zhong)俄、中(zhong)哈以及(ji)中(zhong)國(guo)—東盟(meng)、上海合作(zuo)組織等現有多雙邊合作(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，積極開(kai)展(zhan)瀾滄江(jiang)—湄公河環(huan)境(jing)合作(zuo)，開(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)方位、多渠(qu)道(dao)的對(dui)話交流活(huo)動(dong)，加(jia)強(qiang)與(yu)沿(yan)線(xian)國(guo)家環(huan)境(jing)官員、學者、青年的交流和合作(zuo)，開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)保(bao)公益活(huo)動(dong)，實(shi)施(shi)綠(lv)色絲路使者計劃(hua)，分享(xiang)中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)、綠(lv)色發展(zhan)理念與(yu)實(shi)踐經驗。建立健全(quan)綠(lv)色投(tou)資與(yu)綠(lv)色貿易管理制(zhi)(zhi)度體系(xi)，落實(shi)對(dui)外投(tou)資合作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護指(zhi)南。開(kai)展(zhan)環(huan)保(bao)產業技術合作(zuo)園(yuan)區(qu)及(ji)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基地建設，推(tui)動(dong)環(huan)保(bao)產業走(zou)出去。樹立中(zhong)國(guo)鐵路、電力、汽車、通信、新能源、鋼鐵等優質(zhi)產能綠(lv)色品牌。推(tui)進“一帶(dai)一路”沿(yan)線(xian)省（區(qu)、市）產業結(jie)構升級(ji)與(yu)創新升級(ji)，推(tui)動(dong)綠(lv)色產業鏈延伸；開(kai)展(zhan)重(zhong)點戰略和關鍵項目環(huan)境(jing)評估，提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)風險防(fang)范(fan)(fan)與(yu)應對(dui)能力。編制(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)內“一帶(dai)一路”沿(yan)線(xian)區(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)保(bao)規(gui)劃(hua)。

　　推動京(jing)(jing)津(jin)冀地區(qu)協(xie)同(tong)保護(hu)。以(yi)資(zi)源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能力為基(ji)礎，優化經濟發展和生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)功能布局(ju)，擴大(da)環境(jing)(jing)容量與生態(tai)空間。加(jia)快推動天(tian)津(jin)傳統制(zhi)(zhi)造業綠色化改造。促進河北有序承接北京(jing)(jing)非首都功能轉移和京(jing)(jing)津(jin)科技(ji)成果轉化。強化區(qu)域環保協(xie)作，聯(lian)合開展大(da)氣、河流、湖泊等(deng)污(wu)染治理(li)，加(jia)強區(qu)域生態(tai)屏障建(jian)(jian)設，共(gong)建(jian)(jian)壩上高原生態(tai)防護(hu)區(qu)、燕(yan)山—太行山生態(tai)涵養(yang)區(qu)，推動光伏等(deng)新能源(yuan)廣泛(fan)應用。創新生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)聯(lian)動管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，構建(jian)(jian)區(qu)域一體化的生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)測網(wang)絡、生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)信(xin)息網(wang)絡和生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)應急預警(jing)體系(xi)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)區(qu)域生態(tai)環保協(xie)調(diao)機制(zhi)(zhi)、水資(zi)源(yuan)統一調(diao)配制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、跨區(qu)域聯(lian)合監(jian)(jian)察執(zhi)法機制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全區(qu)域生態(tai)保護(hu)補償機制(zhi)(zhi)和跨區(qu)域排污(wu)權(quan)交易市場。到2020年，京(jing)(jing)津(jin)冀地區(qu)生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)協(xie)作機制(zhi)(zhi)有效運(yun)行，生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)質量明顯改善。

　　推(tui)進長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)共(gong)抓大保(bao)護(hu)。把保(bao)護(hu)和修復(fu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境擺在首要(yao)位(wei)置，推(tui)進長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明建設(she)，建設(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清地(di)綠(lv)天藍(lan)的綠(lv)色生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道。統籌(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，推(tui)動(dong)上(shang)中(zhong)下(xia)游(you)(you)協(xie)同發(fa)展、東中(zhong)西部互動(dong)合(he)作，加強(qiang)(qiang)跨部門、跨區(qu)(qu)域監管與(yu)應急(ji)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)聯動(dong)，把實(shi)(shi)施重(zhong)大生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修復(fu)工程作為(wei)(wei)推(tui)動(dong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)發(fa)展項(xiang)目的優(you)先選項(xiang)，共(gong)抓大保(bao)護(hu)，不搞大開(kai)發(fa)。統籌(chou)(chou)江(jiang)河(he)(he)湖(hu)泊豐(feng)富多樣的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)要(yao)素，構建以長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)干支流為(wei)(wei)經絡，以山水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)林田(tian)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)有機整體，江(jiang)湖(hu)關系和諧(xie)、流域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優(you)良、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)流量充足、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持有效、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類多樣的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全格(ge)局。上(shang)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)點(dian)加強(qiang)(qiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源涵(han)養、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持功能和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)，合(he)理(li)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源，嚴控水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電開(kai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)影響；中(zhong)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)點(dian)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)江(jiang)湖(hu)關系，確保(bao)丹(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質安(an)全；下(xia)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)加快(kuai)產業轉型(xing)升級，重(zhong)點(dian)加強(qiang)(qiang)退化(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)系統恢復(fu)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源保(bao)護(hu)，嚴格(ge)控制城鎮(zhen)周邊生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)空間占用，開(kai)展河(he)(he)網地(di)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染治理(li)。妥善(shan)處理(li)江(jiang)河(he)(he)湖(hu)泊關系，實(shi)(shi)施長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)干流及洞庭(ting)湖(hu)上(shang)游(you)(you)“四水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”、鄱陽湖(hu)上(shang)游(you)(you)“五河(he)(he)”的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)群聯合(he)調(diao)(diao)度，保(bao)障長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)干支流生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)流量與(yu)兩(liang)湖(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)。統籌(chou)(chou)規劃、集約利(li)用長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)岸線(xian)資(zi)源，控制岸線(xian)開(kai)發(fa)強(qiang)(qiang)度。強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)跨界水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質斷面考核，推(tui)動(dong)協(xie)同治理(li)。

　　第四章　深化質量管理，大力實施(shi)三大行動(dong)計劃(hua)

　　以提高(gao)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量為核(he)心，推進聯(lian)防聯(lian)控(kong)和(he)流域共治(zhi)，制(zhi)(zhi)定大氣(qi)、水、土壤三大污染防治(zhi)行動(dong)計劃的(de)(de)施(shi)工圖。根(gen)據區(qu)域、流域和(he)類(lei)型差異分區(qu)施(shi)策，實施(shi)多污染物協同控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，提高(gao)治(zhi)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)針對性和(he)有(you)效(xiao)性。實行環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量底(di)線管(guan)理(li)，努(nu)力實現分階段達到環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量標準(zhun)、治(zhi)理(li)責任清單式落地，解決群眾身邊的(de)(de)突出環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題。

　　第一節　分區施策改善大氣環境(jing)質量

　　實施(shi)大(da)(da)氣環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量目(mu)標管理和限期(qi)達(da)(da)標規(gui)(gui)劃。各省（區、市(shi)）要對照國家大(da)(da)氣環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量標準，開展形勢分析(xi)，定期(qi)考核并公布大(da)(da)氣環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量信息。強(qiang)化(hua)目(mu)標和任務的過(guo)程管理，深(shen)入推進(jin)(jin)鋼鐵、水泥等(deng)重污染(ran)行業過(guo)剩產能退(tui)出，大(da)(da)力(li)(li)推進(jin)(jin)清潔能源使用(yong)，推進(jin)(jin)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)車(che)和油品標準升級，加強(qiang)油品等(deng)能源產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量監管，加強(qiang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)源污染(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)理，加大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)揚塵和小(xiao)微企業分散源、生活源污染(ran)整治(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li)度(du)。深(shen)入實施(shi)《大(da)(da)氣污染(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)行動(dong)(dong)計(ji)劃》，大(da)(da)幅削減二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)、氮氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物和顆粒(li)(li)物的排放量，全(quan)面啟動(dong)(dong)揮發性(xing)有機(ji)物污染(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)，開展大(da)(da)氣氨排放控制(zhi)試點，實現(xian)全(quan)國地級及以上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)、一(yi)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳濃度(du)全(quan)部達(da)(da)標，細顆粒(li)(li)物、可吸入顆粒(li)(li)物濃度(du)明顯下降(jiang)，二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)氮濃度(du)繼續(xu)下降(jiang)，臭(chou)氧(yang)(yang)濃度(du)保(bao)持穩定、力(li)(li)爭改善。實施(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)大(da)(da)氣環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量目(mu)標管理，已經達(da)(da)標的城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)，應當加強(qiang)保(bao)護(hu)并持續(xu)改善；未達(da)(da)標的城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)，應確定達(da)(da)標期(qi)限，向社會公布，并制(zhi)定實施(shi)限期(qi)達(da)(da)標規(gui)(gui)劃，明確達(da)(da)標時間表、路線圖和重點任務。

　　加(jia)強(qiang)重污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)。強(qiang)化各(ge)級空(kong)氣(qi)質量預(yu)(yu)報中(zhong)心(xin)運(yun)行管(guan)理，提高(gao)預(yu)(yu)報準確性(xing)，及(ji)時發布空(kong)氣(qi)質量預(yu)(yu)報信息(xi)，實現預(yu)(yu)報信息(xi)全(quan)國共享、聯(lian)(lian)網發布。完(wan)善重度(du)及(ji)以上污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)的(de)區(qu)域聯(lian)(lian)合(he)預(yu)(yu)警機制(zhi)，加(jia)強(qiang)東北、西北、成渝和華中(zhong)區(qu)域大氣(qi)環境質量預(yu)(yu)測預(yu)(yu)報能力。健全(quan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)案體系，制(zhi)定重污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)案實施(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)技(ji)術規程，加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)(dui)預(yu)(yu)案實施(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)的(de)檢查和評(ping)(ping)估(gu)。各(ge)省（區(qu)、市）和地(di)級及(ji)以上城市及(ji)時修編(bian)重污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)案，開展重污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)成因分析和污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)來源解析，科(ke)學制(zhi)定針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)性(xing)減排措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，每年更新應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急減排措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)項目清單。及(ji)時啟動應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，提高(gao)重污(wu)染(ran)(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)的(de)有效性(xing)。強(qiang)化監管(guan)和督(du)察，對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)不及(ji)時、措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)不力的(de)地(di)方政府，視(shi)情況(kuang)予以約談、通報、掛牌督(du)辦。

　　深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)大氣污(wu)(wu)染聯(lian)防(fang)(fang)聯(lian)控。全面深(shen)(shen)化(hua)(hua)京(jing)(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀及(ji)周(zhou)邊地區(qu)(qu)(qu)、長三(san)(san)角、珠(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)角等(deng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)大氣污(wu)(wu)染聯(lian)防(fang)(fang)聯(lian)控，建(jian)(jian)立常(chang)態化(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)協作(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)，區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)統(tong)(tong)一規劃、統(tong)(tong)一標(biao)準(zhun)、統(tong)(tong)一監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)、統(tong)(tong)一防(fang)(fang)治。對重點行業、領域(yu)制(zhi)定實(shi)施(shi)統(tong)(tong)一的(de)環保(bao)(bao)標(biao)準(zhun)、排污(wu)(wu)收費政策、能源消費政策，統(tong)(tong)一老舊車(che)輛(liang)淘(tao)汰(tai)和在用車(che)輛(liang)管理(li)標(biao)準(zhun)。重點區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)煤(mei)炭消費總量(liang)，京(jing)(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀及(ji)山東、長三(san)(san)角、珠(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)角等(deng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，以(yi)及(ji)空(kong)氣質量(liang)排名(ming)較差(cha)的(de)前10位城(cheng)市(shi)中(zhong)受燃煤(mei)影響較大的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)要實(shi)現煤(mei)炭消費負增長。通過市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)方式促進老舊車(che)輛(liang)、船(chuan)舶(bo)加速淘(tao)汰(tai)以(yi)及(ji)防(fang)(fang)污(wu)(wu)設施(shi)設備改(gai)造，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)新(xin)生產機(ji)動車(che)、非道路(lu)移動機(ji)械環保(bao)(bao)達(da)標(biao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管。開展清(qing)潔柴油(you)(you)機(ji)行動，加強(qiang)高(gao)排放(fang)工程機(ji)械、重型柴油(you)(you)車(che)、農業機(ji)械等(deng)管理(li)，重點區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)開展柴油(you)(you)車(che)注冊登記環保(bao)(bao)查(cha)驗，對貨運車(che)、客運車(che)、公(gong)交(jiao)車(che)等(deng)開展入(ru)戶(hu)環保(bao)(bao)檢查(cha)。提高(gao)公(gong)共車(che)輛(liang)中(zhong)新(xin)能源汽車(che)占比，具備條件的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)在2017年(nian)底前基本實(shi)現公(gong)交(jiao)新(xin)能源化(hua)(hua)。落實(shi)珠(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)角、長三(san)(san)角、環渤海京(jing)(jing)津(jin)(jin)冀水域(yu)船(chuan)舶(bo)排放(fang)控制(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管理(li)政策，靠港船(chuan)舶(bo)優(you)先使用岸電，建(jian)(jian)設船(chuan)舶(bo)大氣污(wu)(wu)染物排放(fang)遙感監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)和油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)網點，開展船(chuan)舶(bo)排放(fang)控制(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)船(chuan)舶(bo)排放(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)和聯(lian)合監(jian)(jian)(jian)管，構建(jian)(jian)機(ji)動車(che)船(chuan)和油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)環保(bao)(bao)達(da)標(biao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管體系。加快(kuai)非道路(lu)移動源油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)升(sheng)級。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)道路(lu)、施(shi)工等(deng)揚塵監(jian)(jian)(jian)管和城(cheng)市(shi)綜(zong)合管理(li)。

　　顯(xian)著削減(jian)京(jing)津冀及周(zhou)邊地區顆(ke)粒物(wu)濃度。以北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)、保定市(shi)、廊坊市(shi)為重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，突出抓好(hao)冬季(ji)散煤(mei)治理(li)(li)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行業綜合治理(li)(li)、機(ji)動(dong)車監(jian)管、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)染天氣(qi)應對，強化高(gao)架(jia)源的治理(li)(li)和監(jian)管，改善區域(yu)(yu)空氣(qi)質量。提高(gao)接受外輸(shu)電(dian)比例，增加非化石能源供應，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)實施天然氣(qi)替(ti)代(dai)煤(mei)炭工程(cheng)，推進電(dian)力替(ti)代(dai)煤(mei)炭，大幅減(jian)少冬季(ji)散煤(mei)使用量，“十三(san)五(wu)(wu)”期間，北(bei)(bei)京(jing)、天津、河(he)北(bei)(bei)、山東、河(he)南五(wu)(wu)省（市(shi)）煤(mei)炭消費總量下降10%左右。加快區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)機(ji)動(dong)車排污(wu)監(jian)控(kong)平臺建設(she)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)治理(li)(li)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型柴油車和高(gao)排放車輛。到(dao)2020年，區域(yu)(yu)細顆(ke)粒物(wu)污(wu)染形(xing)勢顯(xian)著好(hao)轉(zhuan)，臭(chou)氧濃度基本(ben)穩定。

　　明顯(xian)降(jiang)低長三(san)角(jiao)區(qu)域細(xi)顆粒物濃度。加(jia)快產業(ye)(ye)結構調整(zheng)，依法(fa)淘汰能耗、環保等不達標的產能。“十三(san)五”期間，上海(hai)、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、安徽四(si)省（市）煤炭消費總量下降(jiang)5%左(zuo)右，地級(ji)及以上城市建成區(qu)基本(ben)淘汰35蒸噸(dun)以下燃(ran)煤鍋爐。全面推進煉(lian)油(you)、石化(hua)、工業(ye)(ye)涂裝、印刷等行業(ye)(ye)揮發(fa)性(xing)有機(ji)物綜合整(zheng)治。到2020年，長三(san)角(jiao)區(qu)域細(xi)顆粒物濃度顯(xian)著下降(jiang)，臭氧濃度基本(ben)穩定。

　　大(da)(da)力推動珠(zhu)(zhu)三角區(qu)域率先實現(xian)大(da)(da)氣環境質(zhi)量(liang)基(ji)本達(da)標。統籌做好(hao)細顆粒物和臭(chou)氧(yang)(yang)污染(ran)防控，重點(dian)抓好(hao)揮(hui)發性有(you)機(ji)物和氮氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)物協同控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。加快區(qu)域內產(chan)業(ye)轉型升級，調(diao)整(zheng)和優化(hua)能源結(jie)構，工業(ye)園區(qu)與產(chan)業(ye)聚集區(qu)實施(shi)集中供(gong)熱(re)，有(you)條(tiao)件的發展(zhan)大(da)(da)型燃(ran)氣供(gong)熱(re)鍋爐，“十三五”期間，珠(zhu)(zhu)三角區(qu)域煤炭消(xiao)費(fei)總量(liang)下降(jiang)10%左右。重點(dian)推進石化(hua)、化(hua)工、油(you)品儲運(yun)銷、汽(qi)車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、船舶(bo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)（維修）、集裝箱制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、印(yin)刷(shua)、家具制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞋等行(xing)業(ye)開展(zhan)揮(hui)發性有(you)機(ji)物綜合(he)整(zheng)治。到2020年，實現(xian)珠(zhu)(zhu)三角區(qu)域大(da)(da)氣環境質(zhi)量(liang)基(ji)本達(da)標，基(ji)本消(xiao)除重度(du)及以上污染(ran)天氣。

　　第(di)二節(jie)　精準發(fa)力提升水環境質量

　　實(shi)施以(yi)(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)標(biao)管理(li)(li)(li)。依據主(zhu)體功(gong)能區規劃和行政(zheng)區劃，劃定(ding)(ding)陸域(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，建立(li)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)、水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區、水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三級分(fen)(fen)區體系。實(shi)施以(yi)(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)間基礎、以(yi)(yi)斷(duan)面(mian)水(shui)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)管理(li)(li)(li)目(mu)標(biao)、以(yi)(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)許可(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心的(de)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)標(biao)管理(li)(li)(li)。優化控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)斷(duan)面(mian)監測網絡，建立(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)與斷(duan)面(mian)水(shui)質(zhi)響應反(fan)饋機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)(que)劃分(fen)(fen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)責任(ren)(ren)，從(cong)嚴(yan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)量(liang)。全面(mian)推行“河長制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。在黃河、淮河等流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)進行試點(dian)，分(fen)(fen)期(qi)分(fen)(fen)批科學確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)流(liu)量(liang)（水(shui)位），作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)量(liang)調度的(de)重(zhong)要參考(kao)。深入實(shi)施《水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染防治行動(dong)計劃》，落(luo)實(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治污(wu)(wu)(wu)責任(ren)(ren)，完成目(mu)標(biao)任(ren)(ren)務。固定(ding)(ding)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染源(yuan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，要確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)區域(yu)(yu)(yu)、流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)點(dian)水(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)和主(zhu)要超標(biao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)標(biao)，實(shi)施基于改善(shan)(shan)水(shui)質(zhi)要求的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)許可(ke)，將治污(wu)(wu)(wu)任(ren)(ren)務逐一落(luo)實(shi)到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)各排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)單位（含污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)(li)(li)廠、設有排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)口的(de)規模(mo)化畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖單位）。面(mian)源(yuan)（分(fen)(fen)散源(yuan)）污(wu)(wu)(wu)染為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)或(huo)嚴(yan)重(zhong)缺(que)水(shui)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，要采用政(zheng)策激勵、加強監管以(yi)(yi)及確(que)(que)保生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)基流(liu)等措施改善(shan)(shan)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。自2017年起，各省份(fen)要定(ding)(ding)期(qi)向社會(hui)公開(kai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)目(mu)標(biao)管理(li)(li)(li)情況。

專欄2　各流域需要改善的控(kong)制單元(yuan)

　　（一(yi)）長(chang)江(jiang)流域（108個）。

　　雙橋河合(he)肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)40個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；烏(wu)江重慶(qing)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)7個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；來(lai)河滁州市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)9個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；京山河荊門(men)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；沱江內江市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；十五里河合(he)肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)24個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；滇池外(wai)海(hai)昆明市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化學需(xu)氧量濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；南淝河合(he)肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)3個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨(an)氮濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；竹皮河荊門(men)市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨(an)氮、總磷濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；岷江宜賓市(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)14個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總磷濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。

　　（二）海河(he)流域（75個）。

　　洋河張家口市(shi)八號橋控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)9個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅳ類升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類；媯水河下(xia)(xia)(xia)段北(bei)京市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)Ⅴ類升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)Ⅳ類；潮(chao)白河通州區控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)26個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)劣Ⅴ類升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)Ⅴ類；宣惠河滄州市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)化學(xue)需氧(yang)量濃(nong)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；通惠河下(xia)(xia)(xia)段北(bei)京市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)26個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)氨(an)氮(dan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；共(gong)產主(zhu)義渠新鄉市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)氨(an)氮(dan)、總磷濃(nong)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；海河天津市(shi)海河大閘(zha)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)化學(xue)需氧(yang)量、氨(an)氮(dan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；潮(chao)白新河天津市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)總磷濃(nong)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。

　　（三）淮河流域（49個）。

　　谷河(he)(he)(he)阜陽市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)17個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)由Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；東魚河(he)(he)(he)菏澤(ze)市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)由Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；新濉河(he)(he)(he)宿遷市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)9個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)由Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；洙趙新河(he)(he)(he)菏澤(ze)市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)由劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；運料(liao)河(he)(he)(he)徐州市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)由劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；渦河(he)(he)(he)亳州市(shi)岳坊大橋控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)16個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)由劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)(lei)；包河(he)(he)(he)商(shang)丘市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元(yuan)等(deng)4個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)氨(an)氮濃度(du)下降。

　　（四）黃河流域(yu)（35個(ge)）。

　　伊洛河(he)洛陽市控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)14個單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)；葫蘆河(he)固原市控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；嵐(lan)河(he)呂梁市控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)；大黑河(he)烏蘭察布市控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)8個單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升為(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)；昆都侖河(he)包頭市控制(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)8個單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨(an)氮濃度下降。

　　（五）松花江流域（12個）。

　　小興凱湖雞西市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元等9個單(dan)元由Ⅳ類升(sheng)為Ⅲ類；阿(a)什河哈爾(er)濱(bin)市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元由劣Ⅴ類升(sheng)為Ⅴ類；呼(hu)倫湖呼(hu)倫貝(bei)爾(er)市(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元化學需氧量(liang)濃度(du)下(xia)降；飲馬河長(chang)春市(shi)靠山(shan)南樓控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)元氨氮濃度(du)下(xia)降。

　　（六）遼河流域（13個）。

　　寇河鐵嶺市(shi)控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)6個(ge)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅲ類(lei)；遼河沈陽市(shi)巨流河大橋控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅳ類(lei)；亮子(zi)河鐵嶺市(shi)控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個(ge)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣Ⅴ類(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅴ類(lei)；渾河撫順(shun)市(shi)控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總磷(lin)濃度下降；條子(zi)河四平市(shi)控制單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氨氮濃度下降。

　　（七）珠江流域（17個）。

　　九洲江(jiang)湛(zhan)江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)排里(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)；潭江(jiang)江(jiang)門(men)市(shi)(shi)(shi)牛(niu)灣控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)；鑒江(jiang)茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)口門(men)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)4個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)；東(dong)莞運河東(dong)莞市(shi)(shi)(shi)樟村控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)2個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)；小東(dong)江(jiang)茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)石碧控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)；深圳河深圳市(shi)(shi)(shi)河口控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)5個(ge)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)；杞麓湖玉(yu)溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化學需(xu)氧量濃度(du)下降；星云(yun)湖玉(yu)溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總磷濃度(du)下降。

　　（八）浙閩片河(he)流（25個(ge)）。

　　浦陽江杭(hang)州市控制單元(yuan)等(deng)13個(ge)單元(yuan)由Ⅳ類升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類；汀溪(xi)廈門(men)市控制單元(yuan)等(deng)3個(ge)單元(yuan)由Ⅴ類升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅲ類；南溪(xi)漳(zhang)州市控制單元(yuan)等(deng)5個(ge)單元(yuan)由Ⅴ類升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅳ類；金清港臺州市控制單元(yuan)等(deng)4個(ge)單元(yuan)由劣Ⅴ類升(sheng)為(wei)Ⅴ類。

　　（九(jiu)）西(xi)北諸河（3個）。

　　博斯騰湖巴音郭楞(leng)蒙古自治(zhi)州控制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)由(you)Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)；北大(da)河(he)酒泉市控制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)由(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)；克孜河(he)喀(ka)什地區控制(zhi)(zhi)單元(yuan)由(you)劣(lie)Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)升(sheng)為Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)。

　　（十）西南諸(zhu)河（6個）。

　　黑惠江大(da)理白族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治州(zhou)控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)等4個(ge)單元(yuan)由Ⅳ類(lei)升為Ⅲ類(lei)；異龍湖紅河哈尼族(zu)彝族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治州(zhou)控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)化學需(xu)氧量濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；西(xi)洱河大(da)理白族(zu)自(zi)(zi)治州(zhou)控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)氨氮(dan)濃度(du)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。

　　實(shi)施流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)。實(shi)施重點流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防治規劃。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)上下游各級政府、各部門之間(jian)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)協調配(pei)合(he)、定期會商(shang)，實(shi)施聯(lian)(lian)合(he)監測、聯(lian)(lian)合(he)執法、應急(ji)聯(lian)(lian)動、信息共享。長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)保(bao)護，加大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保(bao)護力度，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上交通(tong)、船舶港口污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)防治。實(shi)施岷江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、沱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、烏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宜昌段(duan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)，有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貴州、四川、湖(hu)北、云(yun)南等總(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)。太湖(hu)堅持(chi)(chi)綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)，增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)功能(neng)，防范藍藻暴發，確保(bao)飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)(quan)；巢湖(hu)加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)氮(dan)、磷(lin)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)入(ru)湖(hu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，修(xiu)復(fu)湖(hu)濱(bin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能(neng)；滇池加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)氮(dan)、磷(lin)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，重點防控(kong)城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)農業面源污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)入(ru)湖(hu)，分區分步開展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)，逐(zhu)步恢復(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。海河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)突出節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利用(yong)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)跨界水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體治理(li)，重點整治城(cheng)鄉黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體，保(bao)障白洋淀、衡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)、永定河(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)需水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)大幅降(jiang)低(di)造(zao)紙、化(hua)(hua)肥、釀(niang)造(zao)等行(xing)(xing)業污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度，有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氨氮(dan)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)，持(chi)(chi)續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)洪河(he)(he)(he)(he)、渦(wo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、潁河(he)(he)(he)(he)、惠濟河(he)(he)(he)(he)、包河(he)(he)(he)(he)等支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，切實(shi)防控(kong)突發污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)事件。黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)重點控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煤化(hua)(hua)工(gong)、石(shi)化(hua)(hua)企業排(pai)放，持(chi)(chi)續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)汾河(he)(he)(he)(he)、涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、總(zong)(zong)(zong)排(pai)干(gan)、大黑河(he)(he)(he)(he)、烏梁素(su)海、湟水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)等支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，降(jiang)低(di)中上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境風險。松花(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)持(chi)(chi)續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)阿什河(he)(he)(he)(he)、伊通(tong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)等支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，重點解決石(shi)化(hua)(hua)、釀(niang)造(zao)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥、造(zao)紙等行(xing)(xing)業污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)問題，加大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護力度，進(jin)一步增(zeng)加野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)魚類種(zhong)群數量(liang)(liang)，加快恢復(fu)濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。遼(liao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)大幅降(jiang)低(di)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)、造(zao)紙、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)、農副食品(pin)加工(gong)等行(xing)(xing)業污(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度，持(chi)(chi)續改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)渾河(he)(he)(he)(he)、太子(zi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、條子(zi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、招蘇臺河(he)(he)(he)(he)等支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)，顯(xian)著(zhu)恢復(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，全(quan)(quan)面恢復(fu)濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)廣(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)西、云(yun)南等聯(lian)(lian)合(he)治污(wu)防控(kong)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，重點保(bao)障東(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、西江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲地(di)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境。

　　優(you)先保(bao)護(hu)良好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體。實(shi)施(shi)從水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)到(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭(tou)全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管，持續提(ti)升飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平。地(di)方各級(ji)人民政府及供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位應定(ding)期監(jian)測(ce)、檢測(ce)和(he)(he)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)本(ben)行政區(qu)(qu)域(yu)內飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)、供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)用(yong)戶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍頭(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質等(deng)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況(kuang)。地(di)級(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市每(mei)(mei)季度(du)向(xiang)社會公開飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)狀況(kuang)信(xin)息，縣級(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市自2018年(nian)起(qi)每(mei)(mei)季度(du)向(xiang)社會公開。開展(zhan)飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)范化建設(she)，依(yi)法清理飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內違法建筑和(he)(he)排污口(kou)。加強(qiang)農(nong)村(cun)飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)，實(shi)施(shi)農(nong)村(cun)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鞏(gong)固提(ti)升工(gong)程(cheng)。各省（區(qu)(qu)、市）應于(yu)2017年(nian)底前，基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)成(cheng)鄉鎮及以(yi)上(shang)集中式飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)劃定(ding)，開展(zhan)定(ding)期監(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)調(diao)查評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)。到(dao)2020年(nian)，地(di)級(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市集中式飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達到(dao)或優(you)于(yu)Ⅲ類比例高(gao)于(yu)93%。對江河源(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)及現狀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達到(dao)或優(you)于(yu)Ⅲ類的江河湖庫開展(zhan)生態環境(jing)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)，制定(ding)實(shi)施(shi)生態環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)方案，東江、灤河、千(qian)島湖、南四湖等(deng)流域(yu)于(yu)2017年(nian)底前完(wan)成(cheng)。七大重(zhong)點流域(yu)制定(ding)實(shi)施(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生生物多(duo)樣性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)方案。

　　推進地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染綜合防(fang)治。定期調查評估集(ji)中式地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)型飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)補(bu)給區(qu)和污染源(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)邊區(qu)域環(huan)境狀況。加強(qiang)重(zhong)點工業行業地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境監管(guan)，采取防(fang)控措施有效降低地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染風險。公布地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染地(di)(di)塊清單，管(guan)控風險，開展(zhan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染修復試點。到(dao)2020年，全(quan)國地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染加劇趨勢得到(dao)初步遏制，質量(liang)極差的地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)比例控制在15%左右。

　　大(da)力(li)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)市黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)。建立地級(ji)及(ji)以上城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區(qu)黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)等污染嚴(yan)重水體(ti)(ti)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)，制(zhi)定整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)方案，細化分階段目標和(he)任務(wu)安(an)排，向社會公(gong)布年度(du)治(zhi)理(li)進展和(he)水質改善情況。建立全國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)監(jian)管(guan)平臺(tai)，公(gong)布全國(guo)黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)，接受(shou)公(gong)眾評議。各城(cheng)(cheng)市在(zai)當地主流(liu)媒體(ti)(ti)公(gong)布黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)清單(dan)(dan)(dan)、整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)達標期限、責任人、整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)進展及(ji)效果；建立長(chang)效機(ji)制(zhi)，開展水體(ti)(ti)日(ri)常(chang)維護與(yu)監(jian)管(guan)工作。2017年底前，直轄市、省會城(cheng)(cheng)市、計劃單(dan)(dan)(dan)列市建成區(qu)基本消除黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)，其他(ta)地級(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)市實現河面無(wu)大(da)面積(ji)漂(piao)浮物、河岸無(wu)垃圾、無(wu)違法排污口；到2020年，地級(ji)及(ji)以上城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區(qu)黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)比例均控制(zhi)在(zai)10%以內，其他(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)市力(li)爭大(da)幅度(du)消除重度(du)黑(hei)(hei)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)水體(ti)(ti)。

　　改善河(he)口(kou)(kou)和(he)近岸(an)(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境質(zhi)量(liang)。實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)近岸(an)(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)(yu)污(wu)染防治方案，加(jia)大(da)渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、東海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)等(deng)(deng)近岸(an)(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)(yu)污(wu)染治理力度。強(qiang)(qiang)化直排(pai)(pai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)污(wu)染源和(he)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)工業園區(qu)監管，防控沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地區(qu)陸(lu)源溢油污(wu)染海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)。開展國(guo)際航行船舶(bo)壓載水(shui)(shui)及污(wu)染物治理。規范入(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)排(pai)(pai)污(wu)口(kou)(kou)設置(zhi)，2017年底(di)前，全(quan)面清理非法或設置(zhi)不(bu)合理的入(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)排(pai)(pai)污(wu)口(kou)(kou)。到(dao)2020年，沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省（區(qu)、市）入(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)河(he)流基本消除(chu)劣(lie)V類的水(shui)(shui)體(ti)。實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)藍色海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)綜合治理，重點整治黃河(he)口(kou)(kou)、長江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)、閩江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)、珠江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)、遼東灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、膠州灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、杭州灣(wan)(wan)(wan)、北(bei)部灣(wan)(wan)(wan)等(deng)(deng)河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)污(wu)染。嚴(yan)格禁漁休漁措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。控制近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)養殖密度，推進生(sheng)態(tai)健康養殖，大(da)力開展水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物增殖放流，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)人工魚(yu)礁和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)牧場建(jian)設。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)帶生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)與修(xiu)復(fu)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)“南紅(hong)北(bei)柳(liu)”濕地修(xiu)復(fu)工程，嚴(yan)格控制生(sheng)態(tai)敏感地區(qu)圍填海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)活動(dong)。到(dao)2020年，全(quan)國(guo)自然(ran)岸(an)(an)線(xian)(xian)（不(bu)包括海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)岸(an)(an)線(xian)(xian)）保(bao)(bao)(bao)有率不(bu)低(di)于35%，整治修(xiu)復(fu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線(xian)(xian)1000公里。建(jian)設一批海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)特別保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)產種質(zhi)資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)島(dao)礁工程，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)珍稀物種保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

　　第三節　分類防(fang)治土壤(rang)環(huan)境污染(ran)

　　推進(jin)基礎(chu)調查和(he)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡建設。全面實施《土(tu)壤污(wu)(wu)染防治行動計劃(hua)》，以農用(yong)(yong)地(di)和(he)重點行業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)地(di)為重點，開展(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)壤污(wu)(wu)染狀況詳查，2018年底前查明(ming)農用(yong)(yong)地(di)土(tu)壤污(wu)(wu)染的面積、分布及其對(dui)農產(chan)品質量的影響，2020年底前掌握重點行業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)地(di)中的污(wu)(wu)染地(di)塊分布及其環(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險情況。開展(zhan)(zhan)電子廢(fei)物拆解(jie)、廢(fei)舊塑料回收、非(fei)正規垃(la)圾填埋場、歷史遺留尾礦庫等土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)問題集中區域風(feng)險排查，建立(li)風(feng)險管(guan)控(kong)名錄。統一規劃(hua)、整(zheng)合優(you)化土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位(wei)(wei)。充(chong)分發揮行業(ye)(ye)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)作用(yong)(yong)，支(zhi)持各地(di)因地(di)制宜補充(chong)增加設置監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位(wei)(wei)，增加特(te)征污(wu)(wu)染物監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)項目，提高(gao)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)頻次。2017年底前，完成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量國(guo)控(kong)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位(wei)(wei)設置，建成(cheng)(cheng)國(guo)家土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡，基本(ben)形成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)能力；到2020年，實現(xian)土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點位(wei)(wei)所有縣（市、區）全覆蓋。

　　實(shi)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)管理(li)(li)(li)。按(an)污(wu)(wu)染程度(du)(du)將農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)劃(hua)為(wei)三個類(lei)(lei)(lei)別，未污(wu)(wu)染和輕微污(wu)(wu)染的(de)劃(hua)為(wei)優先保護(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，輕度(du)(du)和中度(du)(du)污(wu)(wu)染的(de)劃(hua)為(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)(du)污(wu)(wu)染的(de)劃(hua)為(wei)嚴格管控類(lei)(lei)(lei)，分(fen)別采(cai)(cai)取(qu)相應(ying)管理(li)(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。各省級人民政府要(yao)對(dui)本(ben)行政區(qu)域內優先保護(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積減(jian)少(shao)或(huo)(huo)土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量下降的(de)縣（市(shi)(shi)、區(qu)）進行預警提醒并依法(fa)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)環(huan)評(ping)限(xian)批等(deng)限(xian)制性措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。將符合(he)條(tiao)件的(de)優先保護(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)劃(hua)為(wei)永(yong)久基本(ben)農(nong)田，實(shi)行嚴格保護(hu)(hu)，確保其面(mian)(mian)積不(bu)減(jian)少(shao)、土壤(rang)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量不(bu)下降。根據土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染狀況(kuang)和農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)超標情況(kuang)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)集中的(de)縣（市(shi)(shi)、區(qu)）要(yao)結(jie)(jie)合(he)當地(di)(di)(di)主要(yao)作物品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)習慣，制定實(shi)施(shi)(shi)受(shou)污(wu)(wu)染耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)安(an)全(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)方案(an)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)農(nong)藝調控、替代種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，降低農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)超標風險。加(jia)強對(dui)嚴格管控類(lei)(lei)(lei)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)用(yong)(yong)途管理(li)(li)(li)，依法(fa)劃(hua)定特定農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)禁止生產區(qu)域，嚴禁種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)，繼(ji)續在湖南長株潭地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)開展(zhan)重(zhong)(zhong)金屬污(wu)(wu)染耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)修(xiu)復(fu)及(ji)農(nong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構調整試(shi)點。到(dao)2020年(nian)，重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)(du)污(wu)(wu)染耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構調整或(huo)(huo)退耕(geng)還林(lin)還草面(mian)(mian)積力(li)爭達(da)到(dao)2000萬(wan)畝。

　　加強建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)控。建(jian)立(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量強制(zhi)(zhi)調(diao)查(cha)評(ping)估制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。構建(jian)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)、污染地(di)(di)塊修(xiu)復與土(tu)地(di)(di)再開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)協(xie)同一(yi)體的(de)管(guan)(guan)理與政(zheng)策(ce)體系。自2017年起，對(dui)擬收(shou)回土(tu)地(di)(di)使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)有色金屬冶煉、石油(you)加工(gong)、化工(gong)、焦(jiao)化、電鍍、制(zhi)(zhi)革等行業(ye)企業(ye)用(yong)地(di)(di)，以及用(yong)途擬變更(geng)為居(ju)住(zhu)和(he)商業(ye)、學校、醫療、養老機構等公(gong)(gong)共設(she)施的(de)上述企業(ye)用(yong)地(di)(di)，由(you)土(tu)地(di)(di)使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)人負(fu)責開(kai)展土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)調(diao)查(cha)評(ping)估；已經收(shou)回的(de)，由(you)所(suo)在地(di)(di)市、縣(xian)級人民(min)政(zheng)府負(fu)責開(kai)展調(diao)查(cha)評(ping)估。將建(jian)設(she)用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)管(guan)(guan)理要(yao)求納(na)入城市規劃和(he)供地(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)理，土(tu)地(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)必(bi)須符合土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)求。暫不開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)或現階段不具備治理修(xiu)復條(tiao)件的(de)污染地(di)(di)塊，由(you)所(suo)在地(di)(di)縣(xian)級人民(min)政(zheng)府組織劃定管(guan)(guan)控區域，設(she)立(li)(li)標志，發(fa)布(bu)公(gong)(gong)告，開(kai)展土(tu)壤(rang)、地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)、地(di)(di)下水(shui)、空(kong)氣環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監測(ce)。

　　開(kai)(kai)展土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)。針對典型受(shou)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)農用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)、污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)，分批實(shi)施(shi)200個土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)技術(shu)應用(yong)試點項(xiang)目，加(jia)快建(jian)立健全技術(shu)體系。自2017年起，各地(di)(di)(di)要逐步建(jian)立污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)名錄及其開(kai)(kai)發利用(yong)的負面清(qing)單，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)確定土地(di)(di)(di)用(yong)途。京津冀、長(chang)三角(jiao)、珠三角(jiao)、東北(bei)老工(gong)業基地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)城(cheng)市(shi)和(he)礦產(chan)資源枯竭(jie)型城(cheng)市(shi)等(deng)(deng)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)集中分布(bu)的城(cheng)市(shi)，要規范、有(you)序開(kai)(kai)展再開(kai)(kai)發利用(yong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)。長(chang)江(jiang)中下游、成都平原、珠江(jiang)流域等(deng)(deng)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)集中分布(bu)的省（區(qu)、市(shi)），應于2018年底前(qian)編制(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)方(fang)(fang)案。2017年底前(qian)，發布(bu)土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)責任(ren)方(fang)(fang)終身(shen)責任(ren)追究(jiu)辦法。建(jian)立土壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)(yu)修復(fu)全過程監(jian)(jian)管制(zhi)度，嚴(yan)格修復(fu)方(fang)(fang)案審(shen)查(cha)，加(jia)強修復(fu)過程監(jian)(jian)督和(he)檢查(cha)，開(kai)(kai)展修復(fu)成效第三方(fang)(fang)評(ping)估。

　　強(qiang)化重(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)(fang)治。京(jing)津(jin)冀(ji)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)以(yi)城市“退二進(jin)三”遺(yi)留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點，嚴格(ge)管控(kong)建設(she)用地(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發利用土壤環(huan)境風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，加(jia)大污(wu)(wu)灌區(qu)(qu)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業集中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)土壤環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)和監(jian)(jian)管。東北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)加(jia)大黑(hei)土地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)力度，采取秸稈還田、增施(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)、輪作休(xiu)耕等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)實施(shi)(shi)綜合(he)治理。珠江三角洲地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)化工、電鍍、印染(ran)(ran)等(deng)(deng)(deng)重(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)行(xing)業企業遺(yi)留污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點，強(qiang)化污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發利用環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)管。湘(xiang)江流域(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)鎘、砷等(deng)(deng)(deng)重(zhong)金屬污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點，對污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕地(di)(di)采取農(nong)藝(yi)調控(kong)、種(zhong)植結構調整、退耕還林(lin)還草(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)超標風(feng)(feng)險(xian)。西南(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)有(you)色金屬、磷礦等(deng)(deng)(deng)礦產(chan)資(zi)源開(kai)(kai)(kai)發過程導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)環(huan)境污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點，強(qiang)化磷、汞、鉛等(deng)(deng)(deng)歷史遺(yi)留土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治理。在浙江臺州、湖(hu)北黃石、湖(hu)南(nan)常德、廣東韶關(guan)、廣西河(he)池(chi)、貴州銅(tong)仁等(deng)(deng)(deng)6個地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)啟動土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治先行(xing)區(qu)(qu)建設(she)。

　　第五章　實施專項治理，全面推(tui)進達標排放與污染(ran)減(jian)排

　　以污染(ran)源達標排放為底線，以骨干(gan)性工程推(tui)進為抓手，改革完善總(zong)量(liang)控制制度(du)，推(tui)動行業(ye)多污染(ran)物協(xie)同治污減(jian)排，加強城鄉統籌(chou)治理，嚴格控制增量(liang)，大幅度(du)削減(jian)污染(ran)物存量(liang)，降低生態環境壓力。

　　第一節　實施工業(ye)污(wu)染源全面達(da)標排放計劃(hua)

　　工(gong)業污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源全面(mian)(mian)開(kai)(kai)展自行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和信息(xi)(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)。工(gong)業企(qi)業要建(jian)立環境管理臺(tai)賬制度(du)，開(kai)(kai)展自行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)，如實申(shen)報(bao)，屬于重點排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單位(wei)的還要依法履行(xing)信息(xi)(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)義務。實施(shi)排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)規(gui)范化整治，2018年底前，工(gong)業企(qi)業要進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)規(gui)范排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)口(kou)(kou)設(she)置，編制年度(du)排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)狀況(kuang)報(bao)告。排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)企(qi)業全面(mian)(mian)實行(xing)在線監(jian)測(ce)，地方各級人民政府要完善重點排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單位(wei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)物超標排(pai)(pai)放(fang)和異常報(bao)警(jing)機制，逐步(bu)(bu)實現工(gong)業污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源排(pai)(pai)放(fang)監(jian)測(ce)數據統一采(cai)集、公(gong)開(kai)(kai)發布，不斷加強社會監(jian)督，對(dui)企(qi)業守(shou)法承諾履行(xing)情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督檢查。2019年底前，建(jian)立全國工(gong)業企(qi)業環境監(jian)管信息(xi)(xi)平臺(tai)。

　　排(pai)(pai)查(cha)并公布未達(da)(da)標(biao)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)名(ming)單。各(ge)地要(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)對工業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)的(de)監督檢查(cha)，全(quan)(quan)面推進“雙隨機”抽(chou)查(cha)制度(du)，實施環境信用顏色評價，鼓勵(li)探(tan)索實施企業(ye)(ye)(ye)超標(biao)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)計分量化管理。對污(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)(pai)放(fang)超標(biao)或(huo)者重(zhong)點(dian)污(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)(pai)放(fang)超總量的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)予以(yi)“黃(huang)牌(pai)(pai)”警示，限(xian)制生產或(huo)停產整(zheng)治(zhi)；對整(zheng)治(zhi)后(hou)仍不能(neng)達(da)(da)到要(yao)(yao)求且情節嚴重(zhong)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)予以(yi)“紅牌(pai)(pai)”處罰，限(xian)期停業(ye)(ye)(ye)、關閉。自(zi)2017年(nian)起，地方各(ge)級(ji)人(ren)民政(zheng)府要(yao)(yao)制定本行政(zheng)區域工業(ye)(ye)(ye)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)全(quan)(quan)面達(da)(da)標(biao)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)計劃，確(que)定年(nian)度(du)工作(zuo)目(mu)標(biao)，每季度(du)向社會(hui)公布“黃(huang)牌(pai)(pai)”、“紅牌(pai)(pai)”企業(ye)(ye)(ye)名(ming)單。環境保護部將(jiang)加大抽(chou)查(cha)核查(cha)力度(du)，對企業(ye)(ye)(ye)超標(biao)現象(xiang)普遍、超標(biao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)集中(zhong)地區的(de)地方政(zheng)府進行通報、掛牌(pai)(pai)督辦。

　　實施重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)達標排(pai)放(fang)限期(qi)改(gai)造(zao)。建(jian)立分(fen)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)污染(ran)治理實用技術公開遴選(xuan)與推廣應用機制(zhi)，發布重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)污染(ran)治理技術。分(fen)流域(yu)分(fen)區域(yu)制(zhi)定實施重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)限期(qi)整治方案，升級改(gai)造(zao)環保(bao)設施，加大檢查(cha)核查(cha)力度(du)，確保(bao)穩定達標。以鋼鐵、水泥、石(shi)化(hua)、有(you)色金(jin)屬、玻璃、燃煤鍋爐、造(zao)紙、印染(ran)、化(hua)工(gong)、焦化(hua)、氮肥、農(nong)副(fu)食品加工(gong)、原料藥制(zhi)造(zao)、制(zhi)革、農(nong)藥、電鍍等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)為重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，推進行(xing)業(ye)(ye)達標排(pai)放(fang)改(gai)造(zao)。

　　完善(shan)工(gong)業園區污(wu)水(shui)(shui)集(ji)中處(chu)理(li)(li)設施。實行“清污(wu)分流、雨污(wu)分流”，實現廢水(shui)(shui)分類收集(ji)、分質處(chu)理(li)(li)，入(ru)園企業應在達到國(guo)家或地方(fang)規定的排放標準(zhun)后接入(ru)集(ji)中式(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設施處(chu)理(li)(li)，園區集(ji)中式(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設施總排口應安(an)裝自動監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)、視頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)，并與環境(jing)保護主管部門聯網。開展工(gong)業園區污(wu)水(shui)(shui)集(ji)中處(chu)理(li)(li)規范(fan)化改(gai)造示范(fan)。

　　第二節　深入推進重點污染物減排(pai)

　　改革(ge)完善(shan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)。以(yi)提高環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為核(he)心，以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)減排(pai)(pai)工(gong)程為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)抓手，上下(xia)結合，科學確定總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)要(yao)求，實施(shi)差(cha)別(bie)化管(guan)(guan)理。優化總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減排(pai)(pai)核(he)算(suan)體(ti)系，以(yi)省級(ji)為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)實施(shi)核(he)查(cha)核(he)算(suan)，推(tui)動自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)減排(pai)(pai)管(guan)(guan)理，鼓勵將持(chi)續有(you)效改善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)措施(shi)納入(ru)減排(pai)(pai)核(he)算(suan)。加強對生態環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工(gong)程的(de)調(diao)度(du)，對進度(du)滯后地(di)區及(ji)早預警通(tong)報，各(ge)(ge)地(di)減排(pai)(pai)工(gong)程、指標情況(kuang)要(yao)主(zhu)(zhu)動向社(she)會公開。總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減排(pai)(pai)考核(he)服從于環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)考核(he)，重(zhong)(zhong)點審查(cha)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)未達到標準、減排(pai)(pai)數據(ju)與環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變化趨勢明顯不協調(diao)的(de)地(di)區，并(bing)(bing)根據(ju)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護督查(cha)、日常監督檢查(cha)和排(pai)(pai)污(wu)許可執行(xing)情況(kuang)，對各(ge)(ge)省（區、市）自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)減排(pai)(pai)管(guan)(guan)理情況(kuang)實施(shi)“雙隨(sui)機”抽(chou)查(cha)。大(da)力推(tui)行(xing)區域性、行(xing)業性總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)，鼓勵各(ge)(ge)地(di)實施(shi)特征性污(wu)染物總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)，并(bing)(bing)納入(ru)各(ge)(ge)地(di)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)和社(she)會發展規劃。

　　推動治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)減排工(gong)程(cheng)建設。各省(sheng)（區、市(shi)）要制(zhi)定實(shi)施造紙、印染等(deng)(deng)十大(da)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)涉水行業專項(xiang)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)方案(an)，大(da)幅(fu)降低污(wu)染物(wu)排放強度。電力、鋼鐵(tie)、紡織、造紙、石油石化、化工(gong)、食品發酵等(deng)(deng)高耗水行業達到先進定額標準。以燃煤電廠超(chao)低排放改(gai)造為重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)，對電力、鋼鐵(tie)、建材、石化、有(you)色金(jin)(jin)屬等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行業，實(shi)施綜合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，對二氧化硫(liu)、氮氧化物(wu)、煙粉塵(chen)以及重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬等(deng)(deng)多污(wu)染物(wu)實(shi)施協同控制(zhi)。各省(sheng)（區、市(shi)）應(ying)于2017年底前制(zhi)定專項(xiang)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)方案(an)并(bing)向社會(hui)公開，對治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)不到位的工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目要公開曝(pu)光(guang)。制(zhi)定分行業治(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)技術政策，培育(yu)示范企業和(he)示范工(gong)程(cheng)。

專欄3　推動(dong)重點行(xing)業治污減排

　　（一）造紙行業。

　　力爭(zheng)完(wan)成紙(zhi)漿無元素氯漂白(bai)改造或采取其他低污(wu)染(ran)制漿技(ji)術，完(wan)善中(zhong)段水生(sheng)化處理工(gong)藝，增加深度治理工(gong)藝，進一步完(wan)善中(zhong)控系(xi)統。

　　（二(er)）印染行業(ye)。

　　實施(shi)低(di)排水染(ran)整工藝改造及(ji)廢水綜(zong)合利用，強(qiang)(qiang)化清(qing)污分(fen)流、分(fen)質處(chu)理(li)、分(fen)質回(hui)用，完(wan)善(shan)中段水生化處(chu)理(li)，增加強(qiang)(qiang)氧(yang)化、膜處(chu)理(li)等深度治理(li)工藝。

　　（三）味精行業。

　　提高生產廢水(shui)循環利用水(shui)平，分離尾液和離交尾液采(cai)用絮(xu)凝氣浮和蒸發濃縮等措施，外排(pai)水(shui)采(cai)取(qu)厭氧—好氧二級(ji)生化處(chu)理(li)工藝；敏(min)感區域應深(shen)度處(chu)理(li)。

　　（四(si)）檸檬酸行業(ye)。

　　采(cai)用低濃度廢(fei)水循環再利用技(ji)術，高濃度廢(fei)水采(cai)用噴漿(jiang)造(zao)粒等措施。

　　（五）氮肥(fei)行業。

　　開展工藝冷凝液水解解析技術改(gai)造，實(shi)施(shi)含氰、含氨廢(fei)水綜合(he)治理(li)。

　　（六）酒(jiu)精與啤酒(jiu)行業。

　　低濃度廢水采用(yong)物化(hua)(hua)—生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝，預處理后由園區集中處理。啤酒行業(ye)采用(yong)就地清洗(xi)技(ji)術。

　　（七）制糖行業。

　　采用(yong)無(wu)濾布真空(kong)吸(xi)濾機、高壓水清洗、甜菜(cai)干法輸(shu)送及壓粕水回(hui)收，推(tui)進廢(fei)糖蜜、酒精(jing)廢(fei)醪液發酵還田綜(zong)合利用(yong)，鼓勵廢(fei)水生化處理后回(hui)用(yong)，敏感(gan)區域(yu)執行特(te)別排放限值。

　　（八）淀粉行業。

　　采用(yong)厭(yan)氧+好(hao)氧生化處(chu)理技術，建設污水處(chu)理設施在線(xian)監測和中(zhong)控系(xi)統。

　　（九(jiu)）屠宰行業。

　　強化外排(pai)污(wu)水(shui)預處(chu)理(li)，敏感區域(yu)執行(xing)特別排(pai)放限值，有(you)條件的采用膜生物(wu)反應器(qi)工藝進行(xing)深度(du)處(chu)理(li)。

　　（十）磷化(hua)工行業。

　　實施濕法磷(lin)(lin)酸凈化(hua)改造，嚴禁過磷(lin)(lin)酸鈣、鈣鎂磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)新增產能。發展磷(lin)(lin)爐尾氣凈化(hua)合成(cheng)有機化(hua)工(gong)產品，鼓勵各種建材(cai)或建材(cai)添加(jia)劑綜(zong)合利用(yong)磷(lin)(lin)渣、磷(lin)(lin)石膏(gao)。

　　（十一）煤(mei)電行業。

　　加快推進燃(ran)煤(mei)電廠超低排放和節能改造。強化露天煤(mei)場抑(yi)塵措施，有條件的實施封(feng)閉(bi)改造。

　　（十二）鋼鐵行業。

　　完(wan)成干熄焦技術改(gai)造，不同類型的(de)廢水應分別進行(xing)預處理。未納入淘汰計劃的(de)燒結(jie)機和球團生產設備全部實(shi)(shi)施(shi)全煙氣(qi)脫(tuo)(tuo)硫，禁止設置脫(tuo)(tuo)硫設施(shi)煙氣(qi)旁路；燒結(jie)機頭、機尾(wei)、焦爐(lu)、高爐(lu)出(chu)鐵(tie)場、轉爐(lu)煙氣(qi)除塵等設施(shi)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)升級改(gai)造，露天原料(liao)場實(shi)(shi)施(shi)封(feng)閉改(gai)造，原料(liao)轉運設施(shi)建(jian)設封(feng)閉皮帶通廊，轉運站和落料(liao)點配套抽風收塵裝置。

　　（十三）建材(cai)行業。

　　原料(liao)破碎、生(sheng)產、運輸(shu)(shu)、裝(zhuang)卸等(deng)各環節實施堆場及輸(shu)(shu)送(song)設(she)備全封閉、道路清掃等(deng)措(cuo)施，有效(xiao)控制無組織排(pai)放(fang)(fang)。水泥窯(yao)(yao)全部實施煙(yan)氣脫(tuo)硝，水泥窯(yao)(yao)及窯(yao)(yao)磨一體(ti)機進行高(gao)效(xiao)除塵改造；平板(ban)玻璃(li)行業(ye)推(tui)進“煤改氣”、“煤改電”，禁止摻燒高(gao)硫(liu)石油焦等(deng)劣(lie)質(zhi)原料(liao)，未使(shi)用(yong)清潔能(neng)源的浮法玻璃(li)生(sheng)產線全部實施煙(yan)氣脫(tuo)硫(liu)，浮法玻璃(li)生(sheng)產線全部實施煙(yan)氣高(gao)效(xiao)除塵、脫(tuo)硝；建筑衛生(sheng)陶(tao)瓷(ci)行業(ye)使(shi)用(yong)清潔燃料(liao)，噴(pen)霧(wu)干燥(zao)塔、陶(tao)瓷(ci)窯(yao)(yao)爐安裝(zhuang)脫(tuo)硫(liu)除塵設(she)施，氮氧化物(wu)不能(neng)穩定達標(biao)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)的噴(pen)霧(wu)干燥(zao)塔采取脫(tuo)硝措(cuo)施。

　　（十四）石化行業。

　　催化裂化裝置實施(shi)催化再生煙氣(qi)治理，對(dui)不能穩定達標排放的硫(liu)磺(huang)回(hui)收(shou)尾氣(qi)，提(ti)高硫(liu)磺(huang)回(hui)收(shou)率或加裝脫硫(liu)設施(shi)。

　　（十五）有(you)色金屬(shu)行業。

　　加強富(fu)余煙氣收集，對二氧(yang)化硫含量大于3.5%的煙氣，采取(qu)兩(liang)轉兩(liang)吸制酸等(deng)方式回收。低濃度煙氣和制酸尾氣排放超標(biao)的必(bi)須進(jin)行脫硫。規范冶煉企業廢氣排放口設置，取(qu)消脫硫設施(shi)旁路。

　　控(kong)制(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)地(di)區重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行業揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放。全(quan)面(mian)加強石化(hua)、有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、表面(mian)涂裝(zhuang)、包裝(zhuang)印刷等重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行業揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)控(kong)制(zhi)。細顆粒物(wu)(wu)和(he)臭氧污染嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)省份實(shi)施(shi)(shi)行業揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)污染物(wu)(wu)總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，制(zhi)定揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)污染物(wu)(wu)總量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)目標和(he)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)方案。強化(hua)揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)與氮氧化(hua)物(wu)(wu)的協同減排(pai)，建(jian)立固定源、移動(dong)源、面(mian)源排(pai)放清單，對芳(fang)香(xiang)烴、烯烴、炔烴、醛類(lei)、酮類(lei)等揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)減排(pai)。開(kai)展石化(hua)行業“泄漏檢測與修復”專項行動(dong)，對無組織(zhi)排(pai)放開(kai)展治理(li)。各地(di)要明確時限，完成加油(you)站、儲油(you)庫、油(you)罐車油(you)氣回收治理(li)，油(you)氣回收率提(ti)高到90%以上，并加快推進原油(you)成品(pin)油(you)碼(ma)頭(tou)油(you)氣回收治理(li)。涂裝(zhuang)行業實(shi)施(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)含量(liang)涂料替(ti)(ti)代、涂裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)藝與設備改進，建(jian)設揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)收集(ji)與治理(li)設施(shi)(shi)。印刷行業全(quan)面(mian)開(kai)展低(di)(di)揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)含量(liang)原輔(fu)料替(ti)(ti)代，改進生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)藝。京津(jin)冀及周邊地(di)區、長三角地(di)區、珠三角地(di)區，以及成渝、武(wu)漢(han)及其周邊、遼寧中(zhong)部、陜西關(guan)中(zhong)、長株潭(tan)等城市(shi)群全(quan)面(mian)加強揮(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)排(pai)放控(kong)制(zhi)。

　　總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)、總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)超標(biao)(biao)水域(yu)實(shi)施(shi)流域(yu)、區(qu)域(yu)性(xing)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)超標(biao)(biao)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元以(yi)及上游相關地(di)區(qu)要實(shi)施(shi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，明確(que)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)并(bing)作為約束性(xing)指標(biao)(biao)，制(zhi)(zhi)定水質(zhi)達標(biao)(biao)改善方案。重點開展100家(jia)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)礦(kuang)采選和(he)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)化(hua)工企業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝(yi)(yi)及污水處理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)建設(she)改造(zao)。大力推(tui)廣(guang)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)銨生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)廢水回(hui)用(yong)，促進磷(lin)(lin)(lin)石(shi)膏(gao)的(de)綜合加工利用(yong)，確(que)保磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)回(hui)收(shou)率達到96%以(yi)上。沿海(hai)地(di)級及以(yi)上城市和(he)匯入富營養(yang)化(hua)湖庫的(de)河流，實(shi)施(shi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，開展總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)污染來(lai)源(yuan)解(jie)析(xi)，明確(que)重點控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)、領域(yu)和(he)行(xing)業(ye)，制(zhi)(zhi)定總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方案，并(bing)將總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)納入區(qu)域(yu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)。氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)、味精等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)提高輔(fu)料利用(yong)效率，加大資源(yuan)回(hui)收(shou)力度。印染等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)降低尿素(su)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)或使(shi)用(yong)尿素(su)替代助(zhu)劑。造(zao)紙(zhi)等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)加快廢水處理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)精細化(hua)管理(li)(li)，嚴格控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)營養(yang)鹽投(tou)加量(liang)。強化(hua)城鎮污水處理(li)(li)廠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物除磷(lin)(lin)(lin)、脫氮(dan)(dan)工藝(yi)(yi)，實(shi)施(shi)畜禽養(yang)殖業(ye)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)、總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)氮(dan)(dan)與化(hua)學(xue)需氧量(liang)、氨氮(dan)(dan)協同控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。

專欄4　區域性、流(liu)域性總(zong)量控(kong)制地區

　　（一）揮發性有機物(wu)總(zong)量控制(zhi)。

　　在細(xi)顆(ke)粒物(wu)和臭氧污(wu)染較嚴重的(de)16個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)份實(shi)施行業(ye)揮發性有機物(wu)總量控制，包括：北(bei)京(jing)市(shi)、天(tian)津市(shi)、河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、上海市(shi)、江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、重慶市(shi)、四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、陜西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等。

　　（二）總磷總量控(kong)制(zhi)。

　　總(zong)磷超標的(de)控(kong)制單元以及上(shang)游相(xiang)關地區實(shi)施總(zong)磷總(zong)量(liang)控(kong)制，包括：天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寶坻區，黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雞(ji)西市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，貴州省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黔南布依(yi)族苗(miao)(miao)族自治州、黔東(dong)南苗(miao)(miao)族侗族自治州，河(he)南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)漯河(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鶴壁市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、新鄉市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宜昌(chang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、十堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)常(chang)德(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、益陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、岳(yue)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，江西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南昌(chang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、九江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，遼寧(ning)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)撫(fu)順市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宜賓(bin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘(lu)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、眉山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，云南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)玉溪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。

　　（三）總氮總量控(kong)制。

　　在56個沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)級及以(yi)上城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或區(qu)域實施(shi)總氮總量控制，包(bao)括(kuo)：丹東市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大連市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、錦(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、營口(kou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、盤錦(jin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、葫蘆島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、秦皇島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、唐山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、滄州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、天(tian)津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、濱(bin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、東營市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、濰坊(fang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、煙臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、威海(hai)(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、青島(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、日照市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、連云港市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鹽城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南通市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、上海(hai)(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寧波(bo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、嘉興(xing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紹興(xing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臺州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、福州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平(ping)潭綜合實驗(yan)區(qu)、廈門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、莆田(tian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寧德市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、深圳市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、珠海(hai)(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、汕頭市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、江門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、湛(zhan)江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、茂名市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、惠州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、汕尾(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、陽(yang)江市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、東莞市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、中山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潮州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、揭陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北海(hai)(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、防城港市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、欽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)口(kou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、三(san)亞市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、三(san)沙市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)南省直轄縣級行政區(qu)等。

　　在29個富營養化湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)庫(ku)(ku)匯水范圍內(nei)實施總(zong)氮總(zong)量控制，包括(kuo)：安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)巢(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、龍感湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，安徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)漪(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，北京市懷柔水庫(ku)(ku)，天津(jin)市于(yu)橋(qiao)水庫(ku)(ku)，河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白(bai)洋淀(dian)，吉林(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)松花(hua)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，內(nei)蒙古自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)(qu)呼倫湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、烏梁(liang)素海，山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)四湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白(bai)馬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、高(gao)郵湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、陽(yang)澄湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，上(shang)海市、江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)淀(dian)山(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)洞庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)州水庫(ku)(ku)、鶴地水庫(ku)(ku)，四川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)魯(lu)班水庫(ku)(ku)、邛海，云南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)滇池、杞(qi)麓湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、星云湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、異龍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，寧夏自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)(qu)沙湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、香山(shan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，新(xin)疆自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)(qu)艾比湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)。

　　第三(san)節(jie)　加強(qiang)基礎設(she)施建設(she)

　　加(jia)快完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)系(xi)統。全面(mian)加(jia)強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)及配(pei)套管(guan)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，加(jia)大(da)(da)雨污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分流、清污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)混流污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)改造，優先推進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)村(cun)、老舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉結合(he)部污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)截(jie)流、收集(ji)、納(na)管(guan)，消除(chu)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)倒灌、地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滲入(ru)等現象。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，全國所有(you)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)重(zhong)點鎮(zhen)具備(bei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)能力(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)和(he)(he)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)率(lv)分別達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)95%和(he)(he)85%左右，地(di)(di)(di)級及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)基本實(shi)現污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)全收集(ji)、全處(chu)理(li)(li)。提(ti)升(sheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再(zai)生(sheng)利用和(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥處(chu)置水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平，大(da)(da)力(li)推進(jin)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥穩定化(hua)、無害化(hua)和(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置，地(di)(di)(di)級及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥無害化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)處(chu)置率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)90%，京(jing)(jing)津(jin)冀區(qu)域(yu)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)95%。控(kong)制初期雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染，排(pai)入(ru)自然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體的(de)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)須(xu)經過(guo)岸線凈化(hua)，加(jia)快建(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)改造沿岸截(jie)流干管(guan)，控(kong)制滲漏(lou)和(he)(he)合(he)流制污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溢流污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染。因地(di)(di)(di)制宜、一河(he)一策，控(kong)源(yuan)截(jie)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、內(nei)源(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)多管(guan)齊(qi)下，科(ke)學整治(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體；因地(di)(di)(di)制宜實(shi)施(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)廠升(sheng)級改造，有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)應配(pei)套建(jian)(jian)設(she)濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)處(chu)理(li)(li)系(xi)統，加(jia)強廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)、能源(yuan)化(hua)利用。敏(min)感區(qu)域(yu)（重(zhong)點湖(hu)泊、重(zhong)點水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、近岸海域(yu)匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)域(yu)）城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)應于2017年(nian)(nian)底(di)前全面(mian)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一級A排(pai)放標(biao)準。建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達(da)(da)不到(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)Ⅳ類標(biao)準的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)，新建(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)要執行一級A排(pai)放標(biao)準。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，實(shi)現缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利用率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)20%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，京(jing)(jing)津(jin)冀區(qu)域(yu)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)30%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。將港口、船(chuan)舶(bo)修造廠環(huan)衛設(she)施(shi)、污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)納(na)入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)規劃，提(ti)升(sheng)含油污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、化(hua)學品洗(xi)艙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等的(de)處(chu)置能力(li)。實(shi)施(shi)船(chuan)舶(bo)壓載水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)。

　　實(shi)現城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)和處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)設(she)施(shi)穩定達標運行。加快縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，實(shi)現城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)。提高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)減量(liang)化(hua)(hua)、資源化(hua)(hua)和無害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)水平，全(quan)國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)無害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)率達到95%以(yi)上(shang)，90%以(yi)上(shang)村莊的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)得到有效治理(li)(li)(li)。大(da)中型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)重點發(fa)展生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)焚(fen)燒發(fa)電技(ji)術，鼓勵區域共建(jian)(jian)共享焚(fen)燒處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)，積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展生(sheng)物處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)統(tong)籌(chou)填埋處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術，到2020年，垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)焚(fen)燒處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)率達到40%。完善收(shou)集儲(chu)運系統(tong)，設(she)市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)全(quan)面推廣密(mi)閉化(hua)(hua)收(shou)運，實(shi)現干、濕(shi)分類(lei)收(shou)集轉運。加強垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)滲濾液(ye)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)、焚(fen)燒飛灰處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)、填埋場甲烷利(li)用和惡(e)臭處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，向社會(hui)公開垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)設(she)施(shi)污染(ran)物排(pai)放情況。加快建(jian)(jian)設(she)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)餐廚(chu)廢(fei)棄物、建(jian)(jian)筑垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)和廢(fei)舊紡織品(pin)等資源化(hua)(hua)利(li)用和無害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)。以(yi)大(da)中型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)為重點，建(jian)(jian)設(she)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)分類(lei)示范(fan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)（區）、生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)存量(liang)治理(li)(li)(li)示范(fan)項(xiang)目，大(da)中型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)餐廚(chu)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)。支持水泥窯協同處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)(ji)。

　　推進(jin)(jin)海(hai)綿(mian)(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)。轉變城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)理(li)(li)念(nian)，保護(hu)和恢復城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)。老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)以(yi)(yi)問(wen)題為(wei)導向，以(yi)(yi)解決城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)內澇(lao)、雨水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集利用(yong)、黑臭水(shui)(shui)體治(zhi)理(li)(li)為(wei)突(tu)破口，推進(jin)(jin)區(qu)域(yu)整體治(zhi)理(li)(li)，避免大拆大建(jian)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)新區(qu)以(yi)(yi)目標為(wei)導向，優先保護(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境，合理(li)(li)控制開(kai)發(fa)強(qiang)度。綜合采(cai)取“滲、滯、蓄、凈、用(yong)、排(pai)(pai)”等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)，加強(qiang)海(hai)綿(mian)(mian)型(xing)建(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)小區(qu)、海(hai)綿(mian)(mian)型(xing)道(dao)路與(yu)廣場、海(hai)綿(mian)(mian)型(xing)公園和綠地(di)、雨水(shui)(shui)調蓄與(yu)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)防澇(lao)設(she)施(shi)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)設(she)。大力推進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)防澇(lao)設(she)施(shi)的達標建(jian)設(she)，加快改造和消除城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)易澇(lao)點。到(dao)2020年(nian)，能夠(gou)將70%的降雨就地(di)消納和利用(yong)的土(tu)地(di)面積(ji)達到(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)面積(ji)的20%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。加強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)，公共建(jian)筑(zhu)必(bi)須采(cai)用(yong)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)器具，鼓勵居民家(jia)庭選用(yong)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)器具。到(dao)2020年(nian)，地(di)級及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)全(quan)部達到(dao)國家(jia)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)標準要求，京津冀、長三(san)角、珠三(san)角等(deng)(deng)區(qu)域(yu)提前一(yi)年(nian)完成。

　　增加(jia)清(qing)潔能(neng)源供(gong)給和使(shi)用。優先保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水電(dian)和國家“十(shi)三(san)五”能(neng)源發展相(xiang)關規(gui)劃內的(de)(de)風能(neng)、太陽(yang)能(neng)、生物質能(neng)等(deng)清(qing)潔能(neng)源項目發電(dian)上網，落實可再(zai)生能(neng)源全(quan)額(e)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)性收購(gou)政策，到2020年，非化石能(neng)源裝機(ji)比重達(da)到39%。煤炭占能(neng)源消費總量的(de)(de)比重降(jiang)至58%以下。擴(kuo)大城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)高污染(ran)燃料(liao)禁(jin)燃區(qu)(qu)范(fan)圍，提高城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)燃氣化率，地(di)(di)級(ji)及以上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)供(gong)熱供(gong)氣管網覆蓋(gai)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用散煤，京(jing)津冀、長(chang)三(san)角(jiao)、珠三(san)角(jiao)等(deng)重點(dian)區(qu)(qu)域、重點(dian)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)實施(shi)“煤改氣”工(gong)程，推進(jin)北方地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)農村散煤替代。加(jia)快城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)新能(neng)源汽(qi)車充電(dian)設施(shi)建(jian)設，政府機(ji)關、大中(zhong)型(xing)企事業單(dan)位帶頭配套建(jian)設，繼續實施(shi)新能(neng)源汽(qi)車推廣。

　　大力(li)推進煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)清(qing)潔化利用。加(jia)強商品煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質量管理，限制開發和(he)銷售高硫(liu)、高灰等煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)資源，發展煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)洗選加(jia)工，到(dao)2020年(nian)，煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)入洗率(lv)提高到(dao)75%以(yi)上。大力(li)推進以(yi)電(dian)代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、以(yi)氣代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)和(he)以(yi)其他(ta)清(qing)潔能源代(dai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)，對暫不(bu)具備煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭(tan)改清(qing)潔燃(ran)料條(tiao)件的地區，積(ji)極(ji)推進潔凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)替代(dai)。建設潔凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)配送(song)中(zhong)心，建立以(yi)縣（區）為單位的全密閉配煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)中(zhong)心以(yi)及覆(fu)蓋所有(you)鄉(xiang)鎮、村的潔凈(jing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)供(gong)(gong)應網絡(luo)。加(jia)快(kuai)純凝（只發電(dian)不(bu)供(gong)(gong)熱）發電(dian)機組供(gong)(gong)熱改造(zao)，鼓勵(li)熱電(dian)聯產機組替代(dai)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)小鍋(guo)爐，推進城市集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)熱。到(dao)2017年(nian)，除確有(you)必(bi)要(yao)保(bao)留的外，全國地級及以(yi)上城市建成區基本淘汰10蒸(zheng)噸以(yi)下燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋(guo)爐。

　　第四節(jie)　加快農(nong)業農(nong)村環境綜合治理

　　繼續推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)境綜(zong)合整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)。繼續深入開(kai)展(zhan)愛國衛生(sheng)運(yun)動(dong)，持續推進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)環(huan)境衛生(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)行動(dong)，建(jian)設(she)(she)健康、宜(yi)居、美麗家園。深化(hua)“以獎促治(zhi)”政策，以南水北(bei)調沿線、三(san)峽庫區、長(chang)江(jiang)沿線等重要水源(yuan)地周(zhou)邊為(wei)重點，推進(jin)(jin)新(xin)一輪農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)境連片整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)，有條(tiao)件的省份(fen)開(kai)展(zhan)全覆蓋拉網式整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)。因(yin)地制宜(yi)開(kai)展(zhan)治(zhi)理，完善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)活垃(la)(la)圾“村(cun)(cun)(cun)收集、鎮(zhen)轉運(yun)、縣(xian)處(chu)(chu)理”模式，鼓(gu)勵就地資源(yuan)化(hua)，加快整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)“垃(la)(la)圾圍村(cun)(cun)(cun)”、“垃(la)(la)圾圍壩”等問題，切實防(fang)止城(cheng)鎮(zhen)垃(la)(la)圾向農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)轉移(yi)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)理統(tong)一規劃、建(jian)設(she)(she)、管理。積極推進(jin)(jin)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)污(wu)水、垃(la)(la)圾處(chu)(chu)理設(she)(she)施和服(fu)務向農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)延伸，開(kai)展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)廁所無害(hai)化(hua)改造。繼續實施農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)清(qing)潔(jie)工程(cheng)，開(kai)展(zhan)河(he)道清(qing)淤疏浚。到2020年，新(xin)增完成環(huan)境綜(zong)合整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)建(jian)制村(cun)(cun)(cun)13萬(wan)個。

　　大(da)力推進畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)污染(ran)防治(zhi)。劃(hua)定禁止建設畜(chu)禽(qin)規模養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場（小區）區域，加強分區分類管理(li)，以廢棄(qi)物資源化(hua)利用(yong)為(wei)途徑，整縣推進畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)污染(ran)防治(zhi)。養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)密集區推行糞污集中處理(li)和資源化(hua)綜合(he)利用(yong)。2017年(nian)底前，各地區依法關閉或搬遷禁養(yang)(yang)(yang)區內的畜(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場（小區）和養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業戶(hu)。大(da)力支持畜(chu)禽(qin)規模養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場（小區）標(biao)準化(hua)改造和建設。

　　打好農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面源(yuan)(yuan)污染治理(li)攻堅戰。優化(hua)調整農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構和布局(ju)，推廣資源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)清(qing)潔生產技術，推動(dong)(dong)資源(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約型、環(huan)境(jing)友好型、生態保育型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展。建設生態溝渠、污水凈化(hua)塘、地表(biao)徑流集蓄池等設施，凈化(hua)農(nong)(nong)田排水及地表(biao)徑流。實施環(huan)水有(you)機農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)。推進健(jian)康生態養(yang)殖。實行測(ce)土配(pei)方施肥。推進種(zhong)植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)清(qing)潔生產，開展農(nong)(nong)膜(mo)(mo)回收利(li)用，率先實現(xian)東北黑土地大田生產地膜(mo)(mo)零(ling)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。在環(huan)渤海京津冀(ji)、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角、珠三(san)角等重點(dian)區域，開展種(zhong)植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和養(yang)殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)重點(dian)排放源(yuan)(yuan)氨防(fang)控(kong)研(yan)究與(yu)示(shi)范。研(yan)究建立(li)農(nong)(nong)藥使用環(huan)境(jing)影響后評價制度，制定(ding)農(nong)(nong)藥包裝廢棄物回收處理(li)辦法(fa)。到(dao)2020年，實現(xian)化(hua)肥農(nong)(nong)藥使用量零(ling)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，化(hua)肥利(li)用率提高到(dao)40％以上，農(nong)(nong)膜(mo)(mo)回收率達(da)到(dao)80%以上；京津冀(ji)、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角、珠三(san)角等區域提前一年完成。

　　強化秸(jie)(jie)稈綜合(he)(he)利用(yong)與(yu)禁燒(shao)。建立逐級(ji)監督(du)落實機制，疏堵結合(he)(he)、以疏為主，完(wan)善秸(jie)(jie)稈收儲體(ti)系，支持秸(jie)(jie)稈代木、纖維原料(liao)、清潔制漿(jiang)、生物質能、商品(pin)有機肥等新(xin)技術產業化發展，加快推進(jin)秸(jie)(jie)稈綜合(he)(he)利用(yong)；強化重點區域和重點時(shi)段秸(jie)(jie)稈禁燒(shao)措施，不斷提高禁燒(shao)監管水(shui)平(ping)。

　　第六章　實(shi)行全程(cheng)管控，有(you)效防(fang)范和降(jiang)低環(huan)境風(feng)險

　　提升風險(xian)(xian)(xian)防(fang)控基礎能(neng)力，將風險(xian)(xian)(xian)納入常態化管理，系(xi)統構建事前嚴防(fang)、事中(zhong)嚴管、事后處(chu)置的全(quan)過程、多層(ceng)級風險(xian)(xian)(xian)防(fang)范(fan)體(ti)系(xi)，嚴密防(fang)控重(zhong)金屬、危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢物、有(you)毒(du)有(you)害(hai)化學品(pin)、核(he)與輻射等重(zhong)點領域環境風險(xian)(xian)(xian)，強化核(he)與輻射安全(quan)監管體(ti)系(xi)和能(neng)力建設，有(you)效控制影(ying)響健康的生(sheng)態和社會(hui)環境危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)因素，守牢(lao)安全(quan)底線。

　　第一節　完善風險防控和(he)應(ying)急響應(ying)體(ti)系

　　加強(qiang)風(feng)險評估(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)源頭(tou)防控。完善企業突(tu)發(fa)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件(jian)風(feng)險評估(gu)(gu)(gu)制度(du)，推進突(tu)發(fa)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件(jian)風(feng)險分(fen)類分(fen)級(ji)管(guan)理，嚴格重大突(tu)發(fa)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件(jian)風(feng)險企業監(jian)管(guan)。改(gai)進危險廢物鑒別體(ti)系。選擇典(dian)型區域(yu)(yu)、工業園區、流域(yu)(yu)開展試點，進行(xing)(xing)廢水綜合毒(du)性評估(gu)(gu)(gu)、區域(yu)(yu)突(tu)發(fa)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)事件(jian)風(feng)險評估(gu)(gu)(gu)，以(yi)此作為行(xing)(xing)業準入、產業布局與(yu)結構調整(zheng)的基本(ben)依(yi)據，發(fa)布典(dian)型區域(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險評估(gu)(gu)(gu)報告范例(li)。

　　開(kai)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)調(diao)查、監測和風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)(gu)。制(zhi)定環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)工作辦法，建(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)調(diao)查、監測和風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)(gu)制(zhi)度，形成配套(tao)政策、標準(zhun)(zhun)和技術體系。開(kai)展(zhan)重點(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)區、流(liu)域(yu)(yu)、行(xing)業環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)調(diao)查，初步建(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)風(feng)險(xian)哨(shao)點(dian)(dian)監測工作網(wang)絡，識別和評估(gu)(gu)重點(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)區、流(liu)域(yu)(yu)、行(xing)業的環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)風(feng)險(xian)，對造成環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)風(feng)險(xian)的企業和污染物實施清單管(guan)理，研究(jiu)發布一批利于人體健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)基準(zhun)(zhun)。

　　嚴格(ge)環境風險預(yu)警(jing)管理。強化(hua)重污(wu)染天氣(qi)、飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地、有(you)毒有(you)害氣(qi)體、核安全等(deng)預(yu)警(jing)工作，開展飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地水(shui)(shui)(shui)質生物毒性、化(hua)工園區有(you)毒有(you)害氣(qi)體等(deng)監測(ce)預(yu)警(jing)試點。

　　強(qiang)化突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)應(ying)急處置管理。健全國家、省、市、縣(xian)四級(ji)聯動的突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)應(ying)急管理體(ti)系(xi)，深入推進(jin)跨區域、跨部門的突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)應(ying)急協(xie)(xie)調機制，健全綜合應(ying)急救援(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)，建立(li)社會化應(ying)急救援(yuan)(yuan)機制。完善(shan)突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)現場指揮(hui)與(yu)協(xie)(xie)調制度(du)，以(yi)及信息報告和公開機制。加(jia)強(qiang)突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)調查、突(tu)(tu)(tu)發(fa)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)(jian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)影響和損失評估(gu)制度(du)建設。

　　加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)風險(xian)防控基礎(chu)能(neng)力。構(gou)建(jian)(jian)生產(chan)、運輸、貯(zhu)存、處置環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風險(xian)監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警網絡，建(jian)(jian)設“能(neng)定位、能(neng)查詢、能(neng)跟蹤、能(neng)預(yu)警、能(neng)考核”的危險(xian)廢物全(quan)(quan)過程信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)監(jian)管體系(xi)。建(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)突(tu)發環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)指揮決策支(zhi)持系(xi)統，完善環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風險(xian)源、敏感(gan)目標、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)力及環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)案等數(shu)據(ju)庫。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)石化(hua)(hua)等重點(dian)行業(ye)以及政府(fu)和(he)部門突(tu)發環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)預(yu)案管理(li)。建(jian)(jian)設國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)救(jiu)援實(shi)訓基地，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管理(li)隊伍(wu)、專家(jia)隊伍(wu)建(jian)(jian)設，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物資儲備(bei)(bei)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設，增強(qiang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)監(jian)測(ce)能(neng)力。推動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝備(bei)(bei)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)、社會化(hua)(hua)，推進環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)力標準化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設。

　　第二節(jie)　加(jia)大重(zhong)金屬污染防治(zhi)力(li)度(du)

　　加強(qiang)重(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境管理。嚴格(ge)控制(zhi)涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)新增產能(neng)(neng)快速(su)擴張(zhang)，優化產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布(bu)局，繼續(xu)淘汰涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)重(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)落后產能(neng)(neng)。涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分布(bu)集中(zhong)、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規模(mo)大、發展速(su)度快、環(huan)(huan)境問題突(tu)出的(de)地區，制(zhi)定(ding)實施更嚴格(ge)的(de)地方污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)境準入標(biao)(biao)準，依(yi)法關停達標(biao)(biao)無望、治(zhi)理整頓后仍不能(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)達標(biao)(biao)的(de)涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。制(zhi)定(ding)電(dian)鍍、制(zhi)革、鉛蓄電(dian)池等行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區綜合整治(zhi)方案(an)，推動園(yuan)區清潔、規范(fan)發展。強(qiang)化涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區和(he)(he)重(zhong)點(dian)工礦(kuang)(kuang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)及周邊環(huan)(huan)境中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)監測，加強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境風險隱患排查，向社會公開涉(she)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產排放(fang)(fang)、環(huan)(huan)境管理和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量等信息(xi)。組織開展金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)采(cai)選冶煉、鋼(gang)鐵(tie)等典型行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)貴(gui)州黔(qian)西南(nan)布(bu)依(yi)族(zu)苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州等典型地區鉈污(wu)染(ran)(ran)排放(fang)(fang)調查，制(zhi)定(ding)鉈污(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)方案(an)。加強(qiang)進口(kou)礦(kuang)(kuang)產品中(zhong)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)等環(huan)(huan)保項目(mu)質(zhi)量監管。

　　深(shen)化重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分類防控(kong)。重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)防控(kong)重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制定實(shi)施(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)綜(zong)合防治(zhi)規劃，有效防控(kong)環(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)和改善區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)，分區(qu)指導、一(yi)區(qu)一(yi)策，實(shi)施(shi)差別化防控(kong)管(guan)理，加快湘(xiang)江(jiang)等流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)突出問題綜(zong)合整(zheng)治(zhi)，“十三(san)五”期間，爭取20個左右地區(qu)退(tui)出重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。在江(jiang)蘇靖(jing)江(jiang)市(shi)、浙江(jiang)平(ping)陽縣(xian)等16個重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和江(jiang)西大余縣(xian)浮江(jiang)河流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等8個流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)開展(zhan)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)綜(zong)合整(zheng)治(zhi)示范，探索建(jian)(jian)立(li)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理與風險(xian)防控(kong)的(de)技術和管(guan)理體系。建(jian)(jian)立(li)“錳三(san)角”（錳礦開采和生產過程中存在嚴重(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)問題的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)慶市(shi)秀山縣(xian)、湖南省花垣縣(xian)、貴州省松(song)桃縣(xian)三(san)個縣(xian)）綜(zong)合防控(kong)協(xie)調機制，統一(yi)制定綜(zong)合整(zheng)治(zhi)規劃。優化調整(zheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)測點位，2018年底前建(jian)(jian)成全國重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測體系。

專(zhuan)欄5　重(zhong)金屬(shu)綜合整治示范

　　（一）區域綜合防控（16個(ge)）。

　　泰州(zhou)(zhou)靖江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)（電(dian)(dian)鍍行(xing)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、溫州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)陽(yang)縣(xian)（產(chan)業(ye)(ye)入園升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、湖州(zhou)(zhou)長興(xing)縣(xian)（鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)池行(xing)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、濟源市(shi)(shi)（重金(jin)屬綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)(yu)環境監測）、黃石大(da)冶市(shi)(shi)及周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（銅冶煉(lian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)遺留(liu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、湘潭(tan)竹埠港(gang)及周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)遺留(liu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、衡陽(yang)水(shui)口山及周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（行(xing)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提升(sheng)）、郴州(zhou)(zhou)三十六(liu)灣及周(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)遺留(liu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和環境風(feng)險預(yu)警(jing)監控(kong)）、常德石門縣(xian)雄黃礦地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（歷史(shi)遺留(liu)砷污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理與(yu)(yu)(yu)風(feng)險防控(kong)）、河池金(jin)城江(jiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（結構(gou)調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)遺留(liu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、重慶秀山縣(xian)（電(dian)(dian)解錳行(xing)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、涼山西昌市(shi)(shi)（有色行(xing)業(ye)(ye)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及污(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)塊(kuai)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理）、銅仁萬(wan)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)（汞污(wu)染(ran)(ran)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、紅河個(ge)舊市(shi)(shi)（產(chan)業(ye)(ye)調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)遺留(liu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、渭南潼關縣(xian)（有色行(xing)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）、金(jin)昌市(shi)(shi)金(jin)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（產(chan)業(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)遺留(liu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。

　　（二(er)）流域綜合整治(zhi)（8個）。

　　贛州大余縣(xian)(xian)浮(fu)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流域(yu)（砷(shen)(shen)）、三門峽靈寶市宏農澗(jian)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流域(yu)（鎘(ge)、汞）、荊門鐘祥市利河(he)(he)(he)(he)—南(nan)(nan)(nan)泉河(he)(he)(he)(he)流域(yu)（砷(shen)(shen)）、韶關大寶山(shan)礦(kuang)區(qu)橫石水流域(yu)（鎘(ge)）、河(he)(he)(he)(he)池市南(nan)(nan)(nan)丹縣(xian)(xian)刁江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)（砷(shen)(shen)、鎘(ge)）、黔南(nan)(nan)(nan)獨山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)都(dou)柳江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)（銻）、怒江(jiang)(jiang)蘭(lan)坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)沘江(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)（鉛、鎘(ge)）、隴南(nan)(nan)(nan)徽縣(xian)(xian)永寧河(he)(he)(he)(he)流域(yu)（鉛、砷(shen)(shen)）。

　　加強汞(gong)污(wu)染(ran)控制(zhi)。禁(jin)止新建(jian)(jian)采用(yong)含汞(gong)工藝的電石法聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)生產(chan)項(xiang)目，到(dao)2020年聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)行業每單位產(chan)品(pin)用(yong)汞(gong)量(liang)在2010年的基礎(chu)上減(jian)少50%。加強燃煤電廠(chang)等重點行業汞(gong)污(wu)染(ran)排(pai)放控制(zhi)。禁(jin)止新建(jian)(jian)原(yuan)生汞(gong)礦，逐步(bu)停止原(yuan)生汞(gong)開采。淘汰含汞(gong)體溫計(ji)、血壓計(ji)等添汞(gong)產(chan)品(pin)。

　　第三(san)節　提高(gao)危險廢物處置(zhi)水平

　　合(he)理(li)配置(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物安全處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)能力。各省（區、市）應(ying)組織開展危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物產(chan)生(sheng)、利(li)用處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)能力和(he)設(she)(she)施(shi)運行情況評估，科學規劃并實(shi)施(shi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物集中處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規劃，將危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物集中處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)納入當(dang)地(di)公共基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)統籌建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。鼓勵大(da)型石(shi)油(you)化工(gong)等(deng)產(chan)業(ye)基地(di)配套建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物利(li)用處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)。鼓勵產(chan)生(sheng)量大(da)、種類單一(yi)(yi)的企業(ye)和(he)園區配套建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物收集貯存、預處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)和(he)處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)，引導和(he)規范水泥窯協同處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物。開展典(dian)型危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物集中處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施(shi)累積性環境風(feng)險(xian)評價與防控，淘汰(tai)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)工(gong)藝落后(hou)、不(bu)符合(he)標(biao)準規范的設(she)(she)施(shi)，提標(biao)改造一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)設(she)(she)施(shi)，規范管理(li)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)設(she)(she)施(shi)。

　　防控危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)環(huan)境風險(xian)(xian)(xian)。動態修訂國(guo)家(jia)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)名錄，開展全國(guo)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)普(pu)查，2020年底(di)前，力(li)爭基本(ben)摸清全國(guo)重(zhong)點行業(ye)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生、貯(zhu)存、利(li)用(yong)(yong)和處(chu)置(zhi)狀況。以石(shi)化(hua)(hua)和化(hua)(hua)工行業(ye)為重(zhong)點，打擊危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)非法(fa)轉移和利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)置(zhi)違法(fa)犯(fan)罪活(huo)動。加強進(jin)口石(shi)化(hua)(hua)和化(hua)(hua)工產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全監管，打擊以原(yuan)油(you)(you)、燃料(liao)油(you)(you)、潤(run)滑油(you)(you)等(deng)產品名義(yi)進(jin)口廢(fei)(fei)(fei)油(you)(you)等(deng)固體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)。繼續(xu)開展危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)規范化(hua)(hua)管理督查考核，以含(han)鉻、鉛、汞(gong)、鎘、砷(shen)等(deng)重(zhong)金(jin)屬廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)和生活(huo)垃圾焚燒(shao)飛灰(hui)、抗生素(su)菌渣、高毒持(chi)久性廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)為重(zhong)點開展專(zhuan)項整治。制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)鉛蓄電池回收管理辦法(fa)。明確危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)置(zhi)二次污染控制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)及綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)過程環(huan)境保(bao)護要求(qiu)(qiu)，制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)產品中有毒有害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)限值，促進(jin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)安全利(li)用(yong)(yong)。

　　推進(jin)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)處(chu)置(zhi)。擴(kuo)大(da)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)集中處(chu)置(zhi)設(she)施服務范(fan)圍，建(jian)立(li)區域醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)協同與應急處(chu)置(zhi)機(ji)制，因地制宜推進(jin)農村、鄉鎮和偏遠地區醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)處(chu)置(zhi)。實施醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)焚燒設(she)施提(ti)標改造工程。提(ti)高規范(fan)化(hua)管理水平，嚴厲打擊醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)非法買賣等行(xing)為，建(jian)立(li)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)特許(xu)經營(ying)退(tui)出(chu)機(ji)制，嚴格(ge)落實醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置(zhi)收費政(zheng)策。

　　第四節(jie)　夯實化學品風險防控基(ji)礎

　　評估現有(you)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)環境(jing)和(he)健康風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。開展一批現有(you)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)危害初步篩查和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估，評估化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)在(zai)環境(jing)中(zhong)的積累和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)情況。2017年底前，公布優先控制(zhi)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)名(ming)錄，嚴(yan)格限制(zhi)高風(feng)險(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)生產、使用、進口，并逐步淘汰替代(dai)。加(jia)強有(you)毒有(you)害化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)品(pin)環境(jing)與健康風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估能力建設。

　　削(xue)減淘汰(tai)公約管制化學品(pin)(pin)。到(dao)2020年，基(ji)本淘汰(tai)林丹、全氟辛基(ji)磺(huang)酸及其(qi)鹽類和(he)全氟辛基(ji)磺(huang)酰氟、硫(liu)丹等一批《關于持久(jiu)性(xing)有(you)機污染(ran)物的(de)斯(si)德哥(ge)爾摩公約》管制的(de)化學品(pin)(pin)。強化對擬(ni)限制或禁止的(de)持久(jiu)性(xing)有(you)機污染(ran)物替代品(pin)(pin)、最佳可行技術(shu)以(yi)及相關監測(ce)檢測(ce)設備的(de)研(yan)發。

　　嚴格(ge)控(kong)制環境激素類(lei)(lei)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)(pin)污(wu)染。2017年底前，完(wan)成環境激素類(lei)(lei)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)(pin)生產使用情況(kuang)調查，監控(kong)、評估水(shui)源地、農產品(pin)(pin)種植區及水(shui)產品(pin)(pin)集中(zhong)養殖區風險，實行環境激素類(lei)(lei)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)(pin)淘汰(tai)、限制、替代等措施。

　　第五(wu)節　加強核與(yu)輻射安全管理

　　我(wo)國(guo)是核(he)(he)能核(he)(he)技術利用大國(guo)。“十三五”期(qi)間，要(yao)強化核(he)(he)安全(quan)監(jian)管體系(xi)和(he)監(jian)管能力建設，加快(kuai)推進核(he)(he)安全(quan)法治進程(cheng)，落實核(he)(he)安全(quan)規(gui)劃，依(yi)法從嚴(yan)監(jian)管，嚴(yan)防發生放射性(xing)污染環境的核(he)(he)事故。

　　提(ti)高(gao)(gao)核(he)設(she)施、放射源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)水平。持(chi)續提(ti)高(gao)(gao)核(he)電(dian)廠安(an)全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)水平，加(jia)強在建核(he)電(dian)機組質(zhi)量監督，確保新(xin)建核(he)電(dian)廠滿足(zu)國際最新(xin)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)標準。加(jia)快(kuai)研究堆、核(he)燃(ran)料循(xun)環設(she)施安(an)全(quan)(quan)改進。優化核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)備(bei)許可(ke)(ke)管理，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)設(she)備(bei)質(zhi)量和可(ke)(ke)靠性。實施加(jia)強放射源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)行(xing)動計(ji)劃(hua)。

　　推進(jin)放射(she)(she)性污染(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)。加快老舊核(he)設施退(tui)役和放射(she)(she)性廢物處(chu)理(li)處(chu)置，進(jin)一(yi)步提升放射(she)(she)性廢物處(chu)理(li)處(chu)置能力，落實廢物最小化政策。推進(jin)鈾(you)礦(kuang)冶(ye)設施退(tui)役治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)和環(huan)境恢復，加強鈾(you)礦(kuang)冶(ye)和伴生放射(she)(she)性礦(kuang)監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)。

　　強(qiang)化(hua)核(he)(he)(he)(he)與輻(fu)射安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管體系和(he)(he)能力建(jian)設。加強(qiang)核(he)(he)(he)(he)與輻(fu)射安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管體制機(ji)制建(jian)設，將核(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)關鍵技術納入國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點研發(fa)計(ji)劃(hua)。強(qiang)化(hua)國(guo)(guo)家、區域、省(sheng)級核(he)(he)(he)(he)事(shi)故應(ying)急物(wu)資儲(chu)備和(he)(he)能力建(jian)設。建(jian)成國(guo)(guo)家核(he)(he)(he)(he)與輻(fu)射安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管技術研發(fa)基地。建(jian)立國(guo)(guo)家核(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)控預警和(he)(he)應(ying)急響應(ying)平臺，完(wan)善全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)輻(fu)射環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測網(wang)絡，加強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)家、省(sheng)、地市級核(he)(he)(he)(he)與輻(fu)射安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管能力。

　　第七章　加大(da)保護力度，強化生態修復

　　貫徹“山水林田湖是一個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命共同體”理(li)念，堅持保護優(you)先、自(zi)然(ran)恢復為主，推進重(zhong)點區域和重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)保護與(yu)修復，構建(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)廊(lang)道和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)保護網絡，全(quan)面(mian)提升各類(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)穩定性(xing)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)服務(wu)功能，筑牢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)屏障。

　　第一節　維(wei)護國家(jia)生態安全

　　系統(tong)維護國家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)。識別事關國家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)的(de)重要區域，以生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)屏(ping)障以及大江(jiang)大河(he)重要水系為骨架(jia)，以國家(jia)重點生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區為支撐，以國家(jia)禁止(zhi)開發區域為節點，以生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道(dao)和生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保護網絡(luo)為脈絡(luo)，優(you)先加強生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護，維護國家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全(quan)。

　　建(jian)設(she)“兩屏三帶(dai)(dai)”國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)。建(jian)設(she)青藏高原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)，推進(jin)青藏高原區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)建(jian)設(she)與環境保護，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護好多(duo)樣、獨特(te)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統(tong)。推進(jin)黃(huang)土(tu)高原—川滇(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)建(jian)設(she)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)強水土(tu)流(liu)失防(fang)治(zhi)和天然(ran)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)保護，保障(zhang)長江、黃(huang)河中下游地(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)。建(jian)設(she)東北(bei)(bei)森林(lin)帶(dai)(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護好森林(lin)資源和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)，維護東北(bei)(bei)平原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)。建(jian)設(she)北(bei)(bei)方防(fang)沙(sha)帶(dai)(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)強防(fang)護林(lin)建(jian)設(she)、草原保護和防(fang)風固(gu)沙(sha)，對暫不具備治(zhi)理條(tiao)件的沙(sha)化土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)實行封禁保護，保障(zhang)“三北(bei)(bei)”地(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)。建(jian)設(she)南(nan)方丘陵山地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)強植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)修復和水土(tu)流(liu)失防(fang)治(zhi)，保障(zhang)華南(nan)和西南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)全(quan)。

　　構建(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網絡(luo)。深入實施(shi)(shi)中國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)戰略與行(xing)動計劃，繼續開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)聯合國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)十年中國行(xing)動，編制實施(shi)(shi)地方(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)行(xing)動計劃。加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)優先區域(yu)管(guan)理，構建(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網絡(luo)，完善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)遷地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)設施(shi)(shi)，實現對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)的系(xi)統保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統服務(wu)價值評估與示范。

　　第二節　管護重點(dian)生態區(qu)域

　　深化(hua)國家重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)保護和管理。制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)國家重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)產業(ye)準(zhun)入(ru)負面清(qing)單(dan)，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)區(qu)域限制(zhi)和禁止發(fa)展的產業(ye)目(mu)錄(lu)。優化(hua)轉移(yi)支付政(zheng)策(ce)，強(qiang)化(hua)對(dui)區(qu)域生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)穩定(ding)(ding)性和提供生(sheng)態(tai)產品(pin)能(neng)力的評價和考核。支持(chi)甘肅(su)生(sheng)態(tai)安全屏(ping)障綜合示范區(qu)建(jian)設(she)，推進沿黃生(sheng)態(tai)經濟(ji)帶建(jian)設(she)。加快重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)保護與建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)實施，加強(qiang)對(dui)開發(fa)建(jian)設(she)活動(dong)的生(sheng)態(tai)監管，保護區(qu)域內(nei)重(zhong)點(dian)野生(sheng)動(dong)植物資源(yuan)，明顯提升重(zhong)點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)系統服(fu)務功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

　　優(you)先(xian)加強(qiang)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)建設與管(guan)(guan)理。優(you)化(hua)(hua)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)布局，將(jiang)重(zhong)要河湖、海洋(yang)、草原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統及水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)、自(zi)然(ran)遺跡(ji)、極(ji)小(xiao)種群(qun)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)和(he)(he)極(ji)度瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)空缺作(zuo)為(wei)新建自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)重(zhong)點，建設自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)群(qun)和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)小(xiao)區(qu)，全面提(ti)高自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統化(hua)(hua)、精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)、信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)水平。建立(li)全國(guo)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)“天地一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)”動(dong)(dong)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)測體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，利用(yong)遙(yao)感等(deng)手段開展(zhan)監(jian)(jian)測，國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)每年(nian)監(jian)(jian)測兩次(ci)，省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)每年(nian)監(jian)(jian)測一次(ci)。定期組織自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)專項執法(fa)檢(jian)查(cha)，嚴肅查(cha)處違法(fa)違規(gui)活動(dong)(dong)，加強(qiang)問責(ze)監(jian)(jian)督(du)。加強(qiang)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)綜合科學考(kao)察、基礎調查(cha)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理評估。積極(ji)推進全國(guo)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)范圍界限核(he)準和(he)(he)勘界立(li)標工作(zuo)，開展(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)土地確權和(he)(he)用(yong)途管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)，有步驟地對居(ju)住(zhu)在自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)核(he)心區(qu)和(he)(he)緩(huan)沖區(qu)的居(ju)民實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)移民。到(dao)2020年(nian)，全國(guo)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)陸地面積占我國(guo)陸地國(guo)土面積的比例穩定在15%左右，國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)種類和(he)(he)典型生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統類型得(de)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的占90%以上。

　　整合設立一批國(guo)家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園。加強對(dui)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園試點(dian)的指導，在試點(dian)基礎上研究(jiu)制定(ding)建立國(guo)家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園體制總體方案。合理(li)界定(ding)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園范圍，整合完善(shan)分類科學、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)有力的自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地體系，更好地保(bao)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)然(ran)生態和自(zi)然(ran)文化遺產原(yuan)真性(xing)、完整性(xing)。加強風景名勝區(qu)、自(zi)然(ran)文化遺產、森林公(gong)(gong)(gong)園、沙漠公(gong)(gong)(gong)園、地質公(gong)(gong)(gong)園等各類保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地規(gui)劃、建設和管理(li)的統籌協調，提高保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管理(li)效能。

　　第(di)三節(jie)　保護重要(yao)生態(tai)系統

　　保護(hu)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態系統。完(wan)善(shan)天(tian)然(ran)林(lin)(lin)保護(hu)制(zhi)度(du)，強化天(tian)然(ran)林(lin)(lin)保護(hu)和(he)撫育，健全和(he)落(luo)實(shi)天(tian)然(ran)林(lin)(lin)管護(hu)體系，加強管護(hu)基礎設施建設，實(shi)現管護(hu)區域全覆蓋(gai)，全面停止天(tian)然(ran)林(lin)(lin)商(shang)業(ye)性(xing)采伐(fa)。繼續(xu)實(shi)施森(sen)林(lin)(lin)管護(hu)和(he)培育、公益林(lin)(lin)建設補助政策(ce)。嚴格保護(hu)林(lin)(lin)地資源，分級分類進行林(lin)(lin)地用途管制(zhi)。到2020年，林(lin)(lin)地保有(you)量達到31230萬公頃(qing)。

　　推(tui)進森林(lin)(lin)質量精準提(ti)升。堅持(chi)保(bao)護優先、自然(ran)恢(hui)復(fu)為(wei)主，堅持(chi)數量和質量并重、質量優先，堅持(chi)封(feng)山育林(lin)(lin)、人工(gong)造(zao)(zao)林(lin)(lin)并舉，宜封(feng)則(ze)封(feng)、宜造(zao)(zao)則(ze)造(zao)(zao)，宜林(lin)(lin)則(ze)林(lin)(lin)、宜灌則(ze)灌、宜草則(ze)草，強化森林(lin)(lin)經營(ying)，大(da)力培育混交林(lin)(lin)，推(tui)進退化林(lin)(lin)修復(fu)，優化森林(lin)(lin)組成(cheng)、結構和功能。到2020年，混交林(lin)(lin)占比達(da)(da)(da)到45%，單位面積(ji)森林(lin)(lin)蓄積(ji)量達(da)(da)(da)到95立方米/公頃(qing)，森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被碳儲量達(da)(da)(da)到95億噸。

　　保(bao)護(hu)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態系(xi)統。穩定和完善草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)承包經營制度(du)，實行基本(ben)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)制度(du)，落實草(cao)畜(chu)平衡(heng)、禁牧(mu)休(xiu)牧(mu)和劃區輪牧(mu)等制度(du)。嚴格草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)途管制，加強草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管護(hu)員隊伍建設，嚴厲打擊非法(fa)(fa)征占用(yong)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、開墾草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、亂(luan)采濫(lan)挖草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野生(sheng)植物等破壞草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)違法(fa)(fa)犯罪(zui)行為。開展草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源調查和統計，建立草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)態監測預警系(xi)統。加強“三化”草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)理，防治(zhi)鼠蟲草(cao)害(hai)。到2020年，治(zhi)理“三化”草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)3000萬公頃。

　　保(bao)護濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統。開(kai)展(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態效益補償試點、退耕還(huan)濕(shi)(shi)試點。在國(guo)(guo)際和國(guo)(guo)家重要濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)自然保(bao)護區、國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園，實施濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護與修復工程，逐步恢(hui)復濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態功能(neng)(neng)，擴(kuo)大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積(ji)。提升濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護與管(guan)理能(neng)(neng)力。

　　第(di)四節　提升生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)功能(neng)

　　大(da)規模綠(lv)(lv)化國土(tu)。開(kai)展大(da)規模國土(tu)綠(lv)(lv)化行動(dong)，加強農田林(lin)網建(jian)設(she)，建(jian)設(she)配置(zhi)合理、結構(gou)穩(wen)定(ding)、功(gong)能完善的城鄉(xiang)(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)地，形(xing)成沿(yan)(yan)海、沿(yan)(yan)江(jiang)、沿(yan)(yan)線、沿(yan)(yan)邊(bian)、沿(yan)(yan)湖（庫(ku)）、沿(yan)(yan)島的國土(tu)綠(lv)(lv)化網格(ge)，促進山脈、平原、河(he)湖、城市(shi)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村綠(lv)(lv)化協(xie)同。

　　繼續實(shi)施(shi)新一輪退耕(geng)還(huan)林(lin)還(huan)草和(he)退牧還(huan)草。擴(kuo)大(da)新一輪退耕(geng)還(huan)林(lin)還(huan)草范圍和(he)規(gui)模，在(zai)具(ju)備條件的25度(du)以(yi)上坡耕(geng)地、嚴重沙化(hua)耕(geng)地和(he)重要水源地15—25度(du)坡耕(geng)地實(shi)施(shi)退耕(geng)還(huan)林(lin)還(huan)草。實(shi)施(shi)全國退牧還(huan)草工(gong)程建設(she)規(gui)劃，穩定擴(kuo)大(da)退牧還(huan)草范圍，轉(zhuan)變草原畜牧業生產方式，建設(she)草原保(bao)護基礎設(she)施(shi)，保(bao)護和(he)改(gai)善天然草原生態。

　　建(jian)設(she)防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)體系(xi)。加(jia)強(qiang)“三(san)北(bei)”、長(chang)江(jiang)、珠江(jiang)、太(tai)行山、沿海等防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)體系(xi)建(jian)設(she)。“三(san)北(bei)”地(di)區喬灌草相結合，突出重(zhong)點、規(gui)模治(zhi)理(li)、整體推(tui)進。長(chang)江(jiang)流域推(tui)進退(tui)(tui)化林(lin)(lin)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)，提高(gao)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)質量，構建(jian)“兩湖一庫(ku)”防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)體系(xi)。珠江(jiang)流域推(tui)進退(tui)(tui)化林(lin)(lin)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)。太(tai)行山脈優化林(lin)(lin)分結構。沿海地(di)區推(tui)進海岸基干(gan)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)和(he)消浪(lang)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)設(she)，修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)退(tui)(tui)化林(lin)(lin)，完善沿海防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)體系(xi)和(he)防(fang)災減災體系(xi)。在(zai)糧(liang)食主產區營(ying)造農田(tian)林(lin)(lin)網，加(jia)強(qiang)村鎮綠化，提高(gao)平(ping)原(yuan)農區防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)體系(xi)綜合功能。

　　建設(she)儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。在水土光(guang)熱條件較好的南方(fang)省區(qu)和其(qi)他適(shi)宜地(di)區(qu)，吸(xi)引社會資本參與儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)投資、運營和管理(li)，加(jia)快推進儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)建設(she)。在東北、內蒙(meng)古等重點國有林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)，采(cai)取人工(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)集(ji)約栽培(pei)、現有林(lin)(lin)(lin)改培(pei)、撫(fu)育及(ji)補植補造(zao)等措施，建設(she)以用材(cai)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和珍貴樹種培(pei)育為主體的儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)基地(di)。到2020年，建設(she)儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)1400萬(wan)(wan)公頃，每年新(xin)增木材(cai)供應能力9500萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米以上(shang)。

　　培育國(guo)(guo)土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)新機制。繼續堅(jian)持(chi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)動員、全(quan)(quan)民動手、全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)搞(gao)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)的指導方(fang)針(zhen)，鼓(gu)勵家庭林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合作組(zu)織、企業(ye)(ye)、社(she)會(hui)組(zu)織、個(ge)人開展專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)規模化(hua)(hua)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)。發(fa)揮(hui)國(guo)(guo)有林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區和林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)在綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)國(guo)(guo)土中(zhong)的帶動作用，開展多種形式(shi)的場(chang)(chang)外合作造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)和森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保育經營，鼓(gu)勵國(guo)(guo)有林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)擔負區域(yu)國(guo)(guo)土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)和生(sheng)態修復主(zhu)體(ti)任務。創新產權模式(shi)，鼓(gu)勵地方(fang)探(tan)索在重要生(sheng)態區域(yu)通過贖買、置換等方(fang)式(shi)調整(zheng)商品(pin)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)為公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的政策。

　　第五節　修復生態(tai)退化地區

　　綜(zong)合(he)治理水(shui)土流(liu)失。加強長(chang)江中上游(you)(you)、黃河中上游(you)(you)、西南巖(yan)溶區、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)黑(hei)土區等重點區域(yu)水(shui)土保持工程建(jian)(jian)設，加強黃土高(gao)原地區溝(gou)壑區固溝(gou)保塬工作，推進東(dong)(dong)北(bei)黑(hei)土區侵蝕溝(gou)治理，加快南方丘陵地帶崩崗治理，積極開展生態清潔小流(liu)域(yu)建(jian)(jian)設。

　　推(tui)(tui)進荒漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)石漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)治(zhi)理(li)。加(jia)快(kuai)實施(shi)全國防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)規劃，開展(zhan)固(gu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)，加(jia)大對主要風沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源區(qu)(qu)(qu)、風沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)口、沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)塵(chen)路徑區(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)化(hua)(hua)擴展(zhan)活躍區(qu)(qu)(qu)等治(zhi)理(li)力度(du)，加(jia)強“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”沿線防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)，推(tui)(tui)進沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)化(hua)(hua)土地封禁保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)綜合示范區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)設。繼續實施(shi)京津風沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源治(zhi)理(li)二期工程，進一(yi)步遏制沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)塵(chen)危害。以“一(yi)片兩江”（滇桂黔石漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)長江、珠江）巖(yan)溶地區(qu)(qu)(qu)為重點，開展(zhan)石漠(mo)化(hua)(hua)綜合治(zhi)理(li)。到2020年，努力建(jian)成(cheng)10個(ge)百萬(wan)畝(mu)、100個(ge)十萬(wan)畝(mu)、1000個(ge)萬(wan)畝(mu)防(fang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)基地。

　　加強礦(kuang)(kuang)山地質環(huan)境保(bao)護與(yu)生態恢(hui)復(fu)。嚴(yan)格實施礦(kuang)(kuang)產資(zi)源開(kai)(kai)發環(huan)境影響(xiang)評價，建設綠色礦(kuang)(kuang)山。加大(da)礦(kuang)(kuang)山植被恢(hui)復(fu)和地質環(huan)境綜合(he)治理(li)(li)，開(kai)(kai)展病危險尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)和“頭(tou)頂庫(ku)”（1公里(li)內(nei)有(you)居民或重要(yao)設施的尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)）專項整治，強化(hua)歷史遺留(liu)礦(kuang)(kuang)山地質環(huan)境恢(hui)復(fu)和綜合(he)治理(li)(li)。推(tui)廣實施尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)庫(ku)充(chong)填開(kai)(kai)采等技術，建設一批“無尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)山”（通過(guo)有(you)效手段實現無尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)或僅有(you)少量尾(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)占(zhan)地堆存的礦(kuang)(kuang)山），推(tui)進工礦(kuang)(kuang)廢(fei)棄地修復(fu)利(li)用。

　　第六節　擴(kuo)大生(sheng)態產品供給(gei)

　　推進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業建(jian)設(she)。加(jia)(jia)強林(lin)業資(zi)源(yuan)基(ji)地建(jian)設(she)，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業轉型升級，促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業高端化(hua)(hua)、品牌化(hua)(hua)、特(te)色(se)化(hua)(hua)、定(ding)制(zhi)化(hua)(hua)，滿足人民群眾(zhong)對優質綠(lv)色(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的需求。建(jian)設(she)一(yi)批具有影響力(li)的花卉苗木示(shi)范基(ji)地，發(fa)展一(yi)批增(zeng)收帶(dai)動(dong)能力(li)強的木本糧油、特(te)色(se)經(jing)濟林(lin)、林(lin)下經(jing)濟、林(lin)業生物產(chan)(chan)(chan)業、沙產(chan)(chan)(chan)業、野生動(dong)物馴養繁殖利用示(shi)范基(ji)地。加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展和(he)提升森林(lin)旅游休閑(xian)康養、濕(shi)地度假(jia)、沙漠探秘、野生動(dong)物觀賞等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)林(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工業、林(lin)業裝備制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業技術(shu)改造(zao)(zao)和(he)創新，打造(zao)(zao)一(yi)批競爭力(li)強、特(te)色(se)鮮明的產(chan)(chan)(chan)業集群和(he)示(shi)范園區，建(jian)立綠(lv)色(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業和(he)全國重點林(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品市(shi)場監測(ce)預警體(ti)系。

　　構建(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服務網絡(luo)(luo)。加大自然保護地(di)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)體驗(yan)(yan)地(di)的(de)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服務設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)力度，開發和(he)提供優質的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)教(jiao)育、游憩(qi)休(xiu)閑(xian)、健康養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)養老(lao)等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)服務產(chan)品。加快建(jian)設(she)(she)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)標志系統(tong)、綠道網絡(luo)(luo)、環衛、安全等公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服務設(she)(she)施(shi)，精心設(she)(she)計打(da)造以(yi)森林、濕地(di)、沙漠、野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物棲息地(di)、花卉苗木為景觀依(yi)托的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)體驗(yan)(yan)精品旅游線(xian)路，集中建(jian)設(she)(she)一(yi)批公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)營地(di)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)驛站，提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)體驗(yan)(yan)產(chan)品檔次和(he)服務水平。

　　加(jia)強風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)和(he)世界(jie)(jie)遺(yi)產保護(hu)與(yu)管理。開(kai)展風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)資源普查，穩步做好世界(jie)(jie)自然遺(yi)產、自然與(yu)文化(hua)雙遺(yi)產培育與(yu)申報。強化(hua)風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)和(he)世界(jie)(jie)遺(yi)產的管理，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)遙感(gan)動(dong)態監測，嚴格控制利用方式和(he)強度。加(jia)大保護(hu)投入，加(jia)強風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)保護(hu)利用設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)。

　　維(wei)護修(xiu)復(fu)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)自然(ran)生態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統。提(ti)高城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生物多樣性，加(jia)強城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)保護，完(wan)善城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)線(xian)管(guan)理。優化(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)布局，建(jian)設(she)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)道(dao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)廊，使城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)森林(lin)(lin)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)、水(shui)系(xi)、河湖、耕(geng)地(di)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)生態(tai)(tai)網絡。擴大(da)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)、水(shui)域等生態(tai)(tai)空間，合(he)理規劃建(jian)設(she)各(ge)類城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)，推廣立(li)體綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)、屋頂(ding)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)。開展(zhan)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)山體、水(shui)體、廢(fei)棄地(di)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)修(xiu)復(fu)，通過自然(ran)恢復(fu)和人(ren)工修(xiu)復(fu)相結合(he)的(de)措施(shi)，實施(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)示范(fan)工程項目。加(jia)強城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)周(zhou)邊和城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)群(qun)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)，實施(shi)“退工還林(lin)(lin)”，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片(pian)建(jian)設(she)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)森林(lin)(lin)。大(da)力提(ti)高建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)覆蓋率，加(jia)快老舊公(gong)園改造，提(ti)升公(gong)園綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)服務(wu)功(gong)能。推行(xing)生態(tai)(tai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)化(hua)方(fang)式(shi)，廣植當地(di)樹(shu)種，喬灌草合(he)理搭(da)配、自然(ran)生長。加(jia)強古樹(shu)名木(mu)保護，嚴禁(jin)移植天然(ran)大(da)樹(shu)進城(cheng)。發展(zhan)森林(lin)(lin)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、園林(lin)(lin)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、森林(lin)(lin)小(xiao)鎮。到(dao)2020年，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)均公(gong)園綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)面積達到(dao)14.6平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)地(di)率達到(dao)38.9%。

　　第七節　保護生物(wu)多樣性

　　開展生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)本(ben)底調查和(he)(he)觀(guan)(guan)測。實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)重(zhong)大(da)工程，以生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)優先(xian)區(qu)域為重(zhong)點，開展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、物種、遺傳資(zi)源及(ji)相關傳統(tong)(tong)知識調查與評(ping)估，建立全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)數據庫和(he)(he)信(xin)息平臺。到2020年，基(ji)本(ben)摸清生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)優先(xian)區(qu)域本(ben)底狀況(kuang)。完善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)觀(guan)(guan)測體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，開展生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)綜合觀(guan)(guan)測站和(he)(he)觀(guan)(guan)測樣(yang)(yang)(yang)區(qu)建設(she)。對重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)物類群(qun)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)物種及(ji)其棲息地開展常(chang)態(tai)(tai)化觀(guan)(guan)測、監測、評(ping)價和(he)(he)預(yu)警(jing)。

　　實施瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)搶救(jiu)(jiu)性(xing)保護。保護、修復(fu)和擴大珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息地、原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境保護區（點(dian)），優先(xian)實施重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和極小種(zhong)群野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)保護工(gong)(gong)程，開(kai)發(fa)瀕(bin)危(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育、恢復(fu)和保護技術，加強(qiang)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)救(jiu)(jiu)護、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育和野(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)放(fang)(fang)歸(gui)，開(kai)展長江經濟帶及重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)流域人(ren)工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)群野(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)放(fang)(fang)歸(gui)試點(dian)示范，科(ke)學進行珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)再引入(ru)。優化(hua)全(quan)國野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)救(jiu)(jiu)護網絡，完(wan)善(shan)布局(ju)并(bing)建設(she)一批野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)救(jiu)(jiu)護繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育中(zhong)心，建設(she)蘭(lan)科(ke)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的人(ren)工(gong)(gong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育中(zhong)心。強(qiang)化(hua)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及其制(zhi)品(pin)利用(yong)監管，開(kai)展野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育利用(yong)及其制(zhi)品(pin)的認(ren)證標識。調整(zheng)修訂國家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄。

　　加強生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)。建(jian)立生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)及相(xiang)關傳統知識獲取與(yu)惠益分享(xiang)制度，規范(fan)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)采集(ji)、保存(cun)、交(jiao)換(huan)、合(he)作(zuo)研究和(he)(he)開(kai)發利用(yong)活動(dong)，加強與(yu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)相(xiang)關傳統知識保護(hu)。開(kai)展生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)價值評(ping)估(gu)，加強對生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的發掘、整理(li)、檢(jian)測、培育和(he)(he)性狀評(ping)價，篩選(xuan)優良生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳基(ji)因。強化(hua)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)基(ji)因保護(hu)，建(jian)設野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)人工種(zhong)群保育基(ji)地和(he)(he)基(ji)因庫。完善西南部生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)庫，新(xin)建(jian)中(zhong)東(dong)部生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)庫，收集(ji)保存(cun)國家特有(you)、珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)及具有(you)重要價值的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)遺(yi)傳資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。建(jian)設藥用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、野(ye)生(sheng)花(hua)卉(hui)種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、林(lin)木種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)中(zhong)長期(qi)保存(cun)庫（圃），合(he)理(li)規劃(hua)和(he)(he)建(jian)設植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)園、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)園、野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)繁育中(zhong)心。

　　強(qiang)化野生動植(zhi)(zhi)物進出(chu)口管理。加強(qiang)生物遺傳資(zi)源、野生動植(zhi)(zhi)物及其(qi)制品進出(chu)口管理，建(jian)立部門信息(xi)共(gong)享、聯防聯控的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)機制，建(jian)立和完善進出(chu)口電子信息(xi)網絡系(xi)統。嚴厲(li)打擊象牙等(deng)野生動植(zhi)(zhi)物制品非(fei)法交易，構建(jian)情報信息(xi)分析研究和共(gong)享平臺(tai)，組建(jian)打擊非(fei)法交易犯罪合(he)作(zuo)機制，嚴控特(te)有、珍(zhen)稀、瀕(bin)危(wei)野生動植(zhi)(zhi)物種質資(zi)源流失。

　　防范生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)風(feng)(feng)險。加強對(dui)(dui)野生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)疫病的防護。建立健(jian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)家生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)動(dong)態(tai)(tai)監(jian)測預(yu)警體系，定期對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)風(feng)(feng)險開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)面調查評(ping)(ping)估。加強轉基(ji)因生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環境釋(shi)放監(jian)管，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)轉基(ji)因生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環境釋(shi)放風(feng)(feng)險評(ping)(ping)價(jia)和跟(gen)蹤(zong)監(jian)測。建設國(guo)(guo)門生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)保護網，完(wan)善國(guo)(guo)門生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)查驗(yan)機制，嚴格(ge)外(wai)來(lai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種引入(ru)管理。嚴防嚴控外(wai)來(lai)有(you)害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種入(ru)侵，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)外(wai)來(lai)入(ru)侵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種普查、監(jian)測與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)影響評(ping)(ping)價(jia)，對(dui)(dui)造成(cheng)重(zhong)大生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)危害的外(wai)來(lai)入(ru)侵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)治(zhi)理和清除。

　第八章　加快制度創(chuang)新(xin)，積極推進治(zhi)理(li)(li)體系(xi)和治(zhi)理(li)(li)能力現代化

　　統籌推進生態環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理體系建設，以(yi)環(huan)保(bao)督察巡視、編(bian)制自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)產負(fu)債表、領導干部自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)產離任(ren)審計、生態環(huan)境(jing)損害(hai)責任(ren)追究(jiu)等落實地(di)方環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護責任(ren)，以(yi)環(huan)境(jing)司法、排污許(xu)可、損害(hai)賠(pei)償等落實企業主體責任(ren)，加強信息公(gong)開，推進公(gong)益訴訟，強化綠色(se)金融等市場激勵機(ji)制，形成政府、企業、公(gong)眾共治(zhi)的治(zhi)理體系。

　　第一(yi)節　健全(quan)法治體(ti)(ti)系

　　完善(shan)法律(lv)法規。積極推進資源(yuan)環境類法律(lv)法規制修訂。適時完善(shan)水(shui)污染防(fang)(fang)治、環境噪聲污染防(fang)(fang)治、土壤污染防(fang)(fang)治、生態保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)補(bu)償、自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區等(deng)相(xiang)關制度。

　　嚴格環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)監督(du)。完善環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)監督(du)機制，推進聯合執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)、區域執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)、交叉執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，強化執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)監督(du)和責任(ren)追(zhui)究。進一步明確環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)部(bu)門行政調查、行政處罰、行政強制等職(zhi)責，有(you)序(xu)整合不(bu)同(tong)領域、不(bu)同(tong)部(bu)門、不(bu)同(tong)層次的執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)監督(du)力(li)量(liang)，推動環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)力(li)量(liang)向基層延伸。

　　推進環(huan)境司法(fa)。健全(quan)行政執(zhi)法(fa)和(he)環(huan)境司法(fa)的(de)銜接機制，完善程序(xu)銜接、案(an)件移(yi)送(song)、申請強制執(zhi)行等方面規定，加強環(huan)保部(bu)門與公安(an)機關(guan)、人民(min)檢察院和(he)人民(min)法(fa)院的(de)溝通協調(diao)。健全(quan)環(huan)境案(an)件審理制度。積極配合司法(fa)機關(guan)做好(hao)相關(guan)司法(fa)解釋(shi)的(de)制修(xiu)訂工作(zuo)。

　　第二節　完善市(shi)場(chang)機制

　　推(tui)行(xing)排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)權(quan)交易(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度。建(jian)(jian)立健全排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)權(quan)初始分配和(he)交易(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度，落實排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)權(quan)有償使(shi)用(yong)制(zhi)(zhi)度，推(tui)進排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)權(quan)有償使(shi)用(yong)和(he)交易(yi)試點(dian)(dian)，加強排(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)權(quan)交易(yi)平(ping)臺建(jian)(jian)設。鼓(gu)勵(li)新建(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)(pai)放指標通過交易(yi)方(fang)式取(qu)得，且不得增(zeng)加本地區污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物排(pai)(pai)放總量。推(tui)行(xing)用(yong)能(neng)預(yu)算管理制(zhi)(zhi)度，開展(zhan)用(yong)能(neng)權(quan)有償使(shi)用(yong)和(he)交易(yi)試點(dian)(dian)。

　　發(fa)揮財(cai)政稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收政策引導作用(yong)。開(kai)征環(huan)境保護稅(shui)(shui)(shui)。全(quan)面推(tui)進(jin)資源(yuan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)改革，逐(zhu)步將資源(yuan)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)擴展到占(zhan)用(yong)各(ge)種自(zi)然生態(tai)空間范(fan)疇。落實(shi)環(huan)境保護、生態(tai)建設(she)、新能源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收優惠政策。研究制定(ding)重點危險廢(fei)物(wu)集中(zhong)處置設(she)施、場(chang)所的退(tui)役費用(yong)預提(ti)政策。

　　深化資源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)價格(ge)改革。完(wan)善資源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)價格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)，全面反映市場供(gong)求(qiu)、資源(yuan)稀缺程度、生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)成本和(he)修復效益等因素。落(luo)實(shi)調整污(wu)水處理(li)(li)費和(he)水資源(yuan)費征收標準政(zheng)(zheng)策，提高(gao)(gao)垃(la)圾處理(li)(li)費收繳率，完(wan)善再生水價格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)。研(yan)究完(wan)善燃煤電(dian)廠環(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)價政(zheng)(zheng)策，加(jia)大(da)高(gao)(gao)耗能、高(gao)(gao)耗水、高(gao)(gao)污(wu)染行業差別化電(dian)價水價等政(zheng)(zheng)策實(shi)施力度。

　　加(jia)快環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)培育。探索環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)項(xiang)目(mu)與經營開發(fa)項(xiang)目(mu)組合開發(fa)模(mo)式，健全社會資本投(tou)資環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)回報機制。深化環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)服務試點，創新區域環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)一體(ti)(ti)化、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)“互聯網+”、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)物聯網等污染治理(li)與管理(li)模(mo)式，鼓勵各(ge)類投(tou)資進(jin)入環(huan)(huan)保(bao)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。廢止各(ge)類妨(fang)礙形成全國統一市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)和公(gong)平競爭的(de)制度規定，加(jia)強環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)用(yong)體(ti)(ti)系建設，規范市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。鼓勵推行(xing)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)治理(li)依(yi)效付(fu)費與環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)績效合同(tong)服務。

　　建立(li)綠色(se)金融(rong)體(ti)系(xi)。建立(li)綠色(se)評級體(ti)系(xi)以及公益性的環境成(cheng)本核算和影(ying)響評估體(ti)系(xi)，明(ming)確貸款人盡職免責(ze)要求和環境保護法(fa)律責(ze)任(ren)(ren)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵各類(lei)金融(rong)機構加大綠色(se)信(xin)貸發放力度(du)。在(zai)環境高風險(xian)領域建立(li)環境污(wu)染強(qiang)制責(ze)任(ren)(ren)保險(xian)制度(du)。研(yan)究設(she)(she)立(li)綠色(se)股票指(zhi)數和發展相關投資(zi)產(chan)品。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵銀(yin)行和企業發行綠色(se)債券，鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵對綠色(se)信(xin)貸資(zi)產(chan)實行證券化。加大風險(xian)補償(chang)力度(du)，支持開展排(pai)污(wu)權(quan)、收費(fei)權(quan)、購(gou)買服務(wu)協議抵押等擔保貸款業務(wu)。支持設(she)(she)立(li)市(shi)場化運作的各類(lei)綠色(se)發展基(ji)金。

　　加(jia)快建(jian)立多元化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)。加(jia)大對重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)轉移(yi)支付(fu)力度(du)，合理(li)提(ti)高補(bu)(bu)償(chang)標準，向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)敏感和(he)脆弱地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、流(liu)(liu)域(yu)傾斜(xie)，推進(jin)有關轉移(yi)支付(fu)分配與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)成效掛鉤，探索(suo)資金(jin)、政策、產業(ye)及技術(shu)等(deng)多元互補(bu)(bu)方式。完善(shan)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)范圍(wei)，逐(zhu)步實(shi)現森(sen)林、草原、濕地(di)、荒漠、河流(liu)(liu)、海(hai)洋和(he)耕地(di)等(deng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)領域(yu)和(he)禁(jin)止開(kai)發區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)重(zhong)要區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)全覆蓋。中央財政支持(chi)引導(dao)建(jian)立跨省域(yu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)受益(yi)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、流(liu)(liu)域(yu)上游(you)與下游(you)的(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，推進(jin)省級區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)橫(heng)向(xiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)。在長江(jiang)、黃河等(deng)重(zhong)要河流(liu)(liu)探索(suo)開(kai)展橫(heng)向(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)試點(dian)(dian)。深入推進(jin)南水(shui)北(bei)(bei)調中線工程水(shui)源(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)對口支援(yuan)、新安江(jiang)水(shui)環境生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)試點(dian)(dian)，推動在京津(jin)冀水(shui)源(yuan)涵養區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、廣(guang)西廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)九洲江(jiang)、福(fu)建(jian)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)汀江(jiang)—韓江(jiang)、江(jiang)西廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)、云(yun)南貴州廣(guang)西廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西江(jiang)等(deng)開(kai)展跨地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)試點(dian)(dian)。到2017年，建(jian)立京津(jin)冀區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，將北(bei)(bei)京、天(tian)津(jin)支持(chi)河北(bei)(bei)開(kai)展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)建(jian)設與環境保(bao)護(hu)制(zhi)度(du)化。

　　第三節　落實地方責任

　　落(luo)實(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護責(ze)(ze)(ze)任。建立健全職責(ze)(ze)(ze)明晰、分(fen)工合理(li)的環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護責(ze)(ze)(ze)任體系，加強監(jian)督檢查，推(tui)(tui)動落(luo)實(shi)(shi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護黨政(zheng)同責(ze)(ze)(ze)、一崗雙(shuang)責(ze)(ze)(ze)。省級人民政(zheng)府(fu)對本(ben)行政(zheng)區域(yu)(yu)生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和資源(yuan)保護負總責(ze)(ze)(ze)，對區域(yu)(yu)流域(yu)(yu)生態環(huan)保負相應責(ze)(ze)(ze)任，統(tong)籌(chou)推(tui)(tui)進區域(yu)(yu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)基本(ben)公共服務均等(deng)化，市級人民政(zheng)府(fu)強化統(tong)籌(chou)和綜合管理(li)職責(ze)(ze)(ze)，區縣(xian)人民政(zheng)府(fu)負責(ze)(ze)(ze)執(zhi)行落(luo)實(shi)(shi)。

　　改(gai)革生態環(huan)境保(bao)護體制(zhi)機制(zhi)。積極推行(xing)省以下環(huan)保(bao)機構監(jian)(jian)測監(jian)(jian)察(cha)執法垂直(zhi)管(guan)理制(zhi)度改(gai)革試點，加強對地方政(zheng)府及其相關部門(men)環(huan)保(bao)履責情況的監(jian)(jian)督檢查。建(jian)立區域(yu)流域(yu)聯防聯控(kong)和城鄉(xiang)協(xie)同(tong)的治理模式。建(jian)立和完善嚴格監(jian)(jian)管(guan)所(suo)有(you)污染物排放的環(huan)境保(bao)護管(guan)理制(zhi)度。

　　推進戰(zhan)略和規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)。在完成京津冀、長(chang)三角、珠三角地(di)(di)區(qu)及(ji)長(chang)江經濟(ji)帶、“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”戰(zhan)略環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)基礎上，穩步推進省(sheng)、市兩(liang)級(ji)(ji)行政區(qu)戰(zhan)略環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)。探(tan)索開展(zhan)重(zhong)(zhong)大政策環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響論證試點。嚴格(ge)開展(zhan)開發建設規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)，作為(wei)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編制(zhi)、審(shen)(shen)批(pi)、實(shi)施的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)。深入(ru)開展(zhan)城市、新區(qu)總(zong)體(ti)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)，強化規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)生態空間保護，完善規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)會商機制(zhi)。以(yi)產業園區(qu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)點，推進空間和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)的清單管(guan)理，探(tan)索園區(qu)內建設項(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)管(guan)理改革。加強項(xiang)目(mu)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)與規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)聯(lian)動(dong)，建設四級(ji)(ji)環(huan)(huan)保部門(men)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)信息聯(lian)網系統。地(di)(di)方政府和有關部門(men)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)戰(zhan)略、規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)，把(ba)空間管(guan)制(zhi)、總(zong)量管(guan)控(kong)和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)準(zhun)入(ru)等要(yao)求轉化為(wei)區(qu)域開發和保護的剛性約束。嚴格(ge)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)責(ze)任追究(jiu)，加強對地(di)(di)方政府和有關部門(men)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)環(huan)(huan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)工作開展(zhan)情況(kuang)的監督。

　　編(bian)(bian)制自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)負(fu)(fu)債表(biao)。探(tan)索編(bian)(bian)制自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)負(fu)(fu)債表(biao)，建(jian)(jian)立實物量核算賬戶，建(jian)(jian)立生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境價值(zhi)評估制度(du)，開(kai)展生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境資(zi)產(chan)清查與核算。實行領導干部(bu)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)離(li)任(ren)審(shen)計，推動地方(fang)領導干部(bu)落(luo)實自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)管理責任(ren)。在(zai)完成(cheng)編(bian)(bian)制自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)負(fu)(fu)債表(biao)試點基礎上，逐步建(jian)(jian)立健全自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)負(fu)(fu)債表(biao)編(bian)(bian)制制度(du)，在(zai)國家層面探(tan)索形成(cheng)主要自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源資(zi)產(chan)價值(zhi)量核算技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)法。

　　建立資源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)監測(ce)預警(jing)機制。研究(jiu)制定(ding)監測(ce)評價、預警(jing)指標體系和技術方(fang)法，開(kai)展(zhan)資源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)監測(ce)預警(jing)與成因解(jie)析(xi)，對資源(yuan)消耗和環境(jing)(jing)容量接近或超(chao)過承載能(neng)力(li)的(de)地區實行(xing)預警(jing)提醒(xing)和差異化(hua)的(de)限(xian)制性措施，嚴(yan)格約束開(kai)發活動在資源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)范圍內。各省（區、市(shi)）應組織(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)市(shi)、縣域資源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)現狀評價，超(chao)過承載能(neng)力(li)的(de)地區要調(diao)整發展(zhan)規劃和產業結(jie)構。

　　實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明績效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)考核(he)。貫徹落實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明建(jian)設目(mu)標評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)考核(he)辦法，建(jian)立體(ti)(ti)現生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明要求的(de)目(mu)標體(ti)(ti)系(xi)、考核(he)辦法、獎(jiang)懲機制，把資源消(xiao)耗(hao)、環(huan)境損害(hai)、生(sheng)(sheng)態效(xiao)益納入地方各(ge)級政(zheng)府經濟社會發展(zhan)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，對不同區域主體(ti)(ti)功能定位實(shi)行(xing)差(cha)異化績效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)考核(he)。

　　開展(zhan)環(huan)境保護(hu)督(du)察。推動(dong)地(di)方落(luo)實生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保主體責任，開展(zhan)環(huan)境保護(hu)督(du)察，重點檢(jian)查環(huan)境質量呈(cheng)現惡化趨勢的區(qu)域流域及整治情況，重點督(du)察地(di)方黨委和政(zheng)府及其(qi)有(you)關(guan)部門(men)環(huan)保不作(zuo)為、亂作(zuo)為的情況，重點了解(jie)地(di)方落(luo)實環(huan)境保護(hu)黨政(zheng)同責、一崗雙責以及嚴(yan)格責任追究等情況，推動(dong)地(di)方生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建設和環(huan)境保護(hu)工作(zuo)，促進綠色發展(zhan)。

　　建(jian)立(li)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)損(sun)害責任(ren)(ren)終身(shen)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)究制。建(jian)立(li)重(zhong)大決策終身(shen)責任(ren)(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)究及責任(ren)(ren)倒查機制，對(dui)在(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)和資源方面造成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)破壞負有(you)責任(ren)(ren)的干(gan)部(bu)不得提(ti)拔使用或者轉任(ren)(ren)重(zhong)要職務，對(dui)構(gou)成(cheng)犯(fan)罪的依法追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)究刑事責任(ren)(ren)。實行(xing)領導干(gan)部(bu)自然資源資產離(li)任(ren)(ren)審計，對(dui)領導干(gan)部(bu)離(li)任(ren)(ren)后出(chu)現(xian)重(zhong)大生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)損(sun)害并認定其應承擔責任(ren)(ren)的，實行(xing)終身(shen)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)責。

　　第四節　加強企業監管

　　建立覆蓋所有固定(ding)污(wu)(wu)染源的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)排(pai)放許(xu)(xu)可制度。全面推行排(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可，以改善環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)、防范環境(jing)(jing)風險為目標(biao)，將污(wu)(wu)染物排(pai)放種(zhong)類、濃度、總量(liang)、排(pai)放去向等納入許(xu)(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理范圍，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)按排(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)規(gui)定(ding)生產(chan)、排(pai)污(wu)(wu)。完(wan)善污(wu)(wu)染治理責任體系，環境(jing)(jing)保護部(bu)門對(dui)(dui)照排(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)要求對(dui)(dui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)行為實施監管(guan)執法。2017年(nian)底前，完(wan)成重點行業(ye)(ye)(ye)及產(chan)能(neng)過剩行業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)許(xu)(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)核發，建成全國(guo)排(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可管(guan)理信息(xi)平臺。到2020年(nian)，全國(guo)基本(ben)完(wan)成排(pai)污(wu)(wu)許(xu)(xu)可管(guan)理名(ming)錄規(gui)定(ding)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)許(xu)(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)核發。

　　激勵和(he)(he)約束企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主動落實(shi)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)責(ze)任。建立(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境信(xin)(xin)(xin)用評(ping)價和(he)(he)違法排污黑(hei)名單制(zhi)度，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境違法信(xin)(xin)(xin)息將記入(ru)社會誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)檔(dang)案，向社會公開。建立(li)上市公司(si)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息強(qiang)制(zhi)性披(pi)露機(ji)制(zhi)，對未盡(jin)披(pi)露義務的上市公司(si)依法予以(yi)處罰。實(shi)施能效(xiao)和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)“領(ling)跑(pao)者”制(zhi)度，采取財稅(shui)優惠(hui)、榮譽表彰等措施激勵企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)現更(geng)高標準的環(huan)(huan)保(bao)目標。到2020年(nian)，分級建立(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境信(xin)(xin)(xin)用評(ping)價體系，將企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境信(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)息納入(ru)全國信(xin)(xin)(xin)用信(xin)(xin)(xin)息共享平臺，建立(li)守信(xin)(xin)(xin)激勵與失信(xin)(xin)(xin)懲(cheng)戒機(ji)制(zhi)。

　　建立(li)(li)健全生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)評估(gu)和賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制度。推進生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)鑒定(ding)評估(gu)規范(fan)(fan)化管理，完善(shan)鑒定(ding)評估(gu)技術(shu)方法。2017年底前，完成生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制度改(gai)革試(shi)點；自2018年起，在全國試(shi)行生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制度；到2020年，力(li)爭在全國范(fan)(fan)圍內初步建立(li)(li)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)損(sun)害(hai)(hai)(hai)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)制度。

　　第五節　實施(shi)全民行動(dong)

　　提(ti)高全社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)意識。加大生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育，組織環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公益活動(dong)(dong)，開發生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)化產品，全面提(ti)升全社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)意識。地(di)方各級人民政(zheng)府、教(jiao)(jiao)育主(zhu)管部(bu)門和(he)新聞媒體要依(yi)法履行(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育責(ze)任，把環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明建(jian)設作為踐行(xing)(xing)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義核心(xin)價值觀的重要內(nei)容(rong)，實施(shi)全民環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)育行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)。引(yin)導(dao)抵制和(he)譴責(ze)過度消(xiao)費、奢侈(chi)消(xiao)費、浪費資源能源等(deng)行(xing)(xing)為，倡(chang)導(dao)勤儉節約(yue)、綠色低碳的社(she)會(hui)風尚。鼓勵生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)化作品創作，豐富環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳(chuan)產品，開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)公益宣傳(chuan)活動(dong)(dong)。建(jian)設國家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)教(jiao)(jiao)育平臺，引(yin)導(dao)公眾踐行(xing)(xing)綠色簡約(yue)生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)低碳休閑(xian)模式。小(xiao)學、中(zhong)學、高等(deng)學校(xiao)、職業學校(xiao)、培(pei)訓機構等(deng)要將生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)(wen)明教(jiao)(jiao)育納入教(jiao)(jiao)學內(nei)容(rong)。

　　推動綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)消(xiao)費。強化(hua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)消(xiao)費意(yi)識，提高公眾(zhong)環境行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為自(zi)律意(yi)識，加快(kuai)衣食住行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)向綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)消(xiao)費轉變。實(shi)施(shi)全(quan)民節(jie)能(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動計劃，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)居民水、電、氣(qi)階梯價格制(zhi)(zhi)度，推廣節(jie)水、節(jie)能(neng)用品和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)環保家具、建材等。實(shi)施(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動計劃，完善綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)(zhu)標準及(ji)認(ren)證體系，擴大強制(zhi)(zhi)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)范(fan)圍，京津冀(ji)地區(qu)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮新建建筑(zhu)(zhu)中綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)建筑(zhu)(zhu)達(da)到(dao)50%以上。強化(hua)政府(fu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)采購(gou)制(zhi)(zhi)度，制(zhi)(zhi)定綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)產品采購(gou)目(mu)錄(lu)，倡導(dao)非政府(fu)機構(gou)、企業實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)采購(gou)。鼓勵綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，改(gai)善步(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)車出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)條件，完善城(cheng)(cheng)市公共(gong)交通服務體系。到(dao)2020年，城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)常(chang)駐人口(kou)300萬以上城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區(qu)公共(gong)交通占機動化(hua)出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比例達(da)到(dao)60%。

　　強化信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)。建(jian)立(li)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)監測信(xin)(xin)息(xi)統一(yi)發布(bu)機(ji)制(zhi)。全(quan)面推(tui)進大氣、水、土壤等生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)，推(tui)進監管部門生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、排污單位環(huan)境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)以及建(jian)設項目環(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響評價信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)。各地要建(jian)立(li)統一(yi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)平臺，健全(quan)反饋(kui)機(ji)制(zhi)。建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護新聞發言人制(zhi)度。

　　加(jia)強(qiang)社會監督。建立(li)(li)公眾(zhong)(zhong)參(can)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境管理決策(ce)的有(you)效渠道和合理機(ji)制，鼓勵公眾(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)政府環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)工作、企業排污行為(wei)進行監督。在(zai)建設項目立(li)(li)項、實施、后評(ping)價等環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節，建立(li)(li)溝通(tong)協商(shang)平(ping)臺(tai)，聽取公眾(zhong)(zhong)意見(jian)和建議，保(bao)障公眾(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境知情(qing)權(quan)、參(can)與(yu)權(quan)、監督權(quan)和表達(da)權(quan)。引(yin)導新聞媒(mei)體(ti)，加(jia)強(qiang)輿論監督，充分利用(yong)“12369”環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)熱線和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)微信舉報平(ping)臺(tai)。研究推(tui)進環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境典型(xing)案例指(zhi)導示范制度(du)，推(tui)動司法機(ji)關(guan)強(qiang)化(hua)公民環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境訴(su)權(quan)的保(bao)障，細化(hua)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境公益訴(su)訟(song)的法律程(cheng)序，加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境公益訴(su)訟(song)的技術(shu)支持，完善(shan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境公益訴(su)訟(song)制度(du)。

　　第六(liu)節　提升治(zhi)理能力

　　加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)建(jian)設(she)。統(tong)一規劃、優化環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點位，建(jian)設(she)涵蓋大(da)氣(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、土壤、噪聲、輻射(she)等(deng)要素(su)，布局合理、功(gong)能完善的(de)全國環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)信息(xi)集成共享。大(da)氣(qi)、地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點位總體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)覆(fu)蓋80%左右的(de)區縣(xian)，人(ren)口密集的(de)區縣(xian)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)全覆(fu)蓋，土壤環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)點位實(shi)(shi)現(xian)全覆(fu)蓋。提高(gao)大(da)氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)報和污(wu)染(ran)預(yu)(yu)警(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平，強化污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)追(zhui)蹤與解析，地(di)級及以上城市開(kai)展大(da)氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)報。建(jian)設(she)國家水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)預(yu)(yu)警(jing)平臺。加強飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和土壤中持久性(xing)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)富集性(xing)以及對人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)健康危害大(da)的(de)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。加強重點流(liu)域城鎮集中式飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)放射(she)性(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)和預(yu)(yu)警(jing)。建(jian)立天地(di)一體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)化的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)遙(yao)感監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)系統(tong)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)環(huan)境(jing)衛星組網(wang)運行(xing)，加強無人(ren)機遙(yao)感監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)和地(di)面生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。構建(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)。

專欄6　全國生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)監(jian)測網(wang)絡建設

　　（一）穩步推進環境質量監測事權上(shang)收(shou)。

　　對(dui)1436個城市大氣環(huan)境質量自動監(jian)(jian)測站、96個區域站和(he)16個背(bei)景站，2767個國(guo)控(kong)地(di)表水(shui)監(jian)(jian)測斷面、419個近岸海域水(shui)環(huan)境質量監(jian)(jian)測點和(he)300個水(shui)質自動監(jian)(jian)測站，40000個土壤環(huan)境國(guo)家監(jian)(jian)控(kong)點位，承(cheng)擔管理(li)職責(ze)，保障運行經(jing)費，采取第(di)三(san)方監(jian)(jian)測服(fu)務、委托(tuo)地(di)方運維管理(li)、直(zhi)接監(jian)(jian)測等方式運行，推動環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)測數據聯網(wang)共享與統一發布。

　　（二）加(jia)快建設(she)生態監測網絡。

　　建(jian)(jian)立天地(di)一體化(hua)的生態遙感(gan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，建(jian)(jian)立生態功能地(di)面(mian)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)，加強(qiang)無人機遙感(gan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)，對重要生態系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)服(fu)務功能開展(zhan)統(tong)一監(jian)(jian)測(ce)、統(tong)一信息公(gong)布。建(jian)(jian)設(she)全國生態保護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)管平臺，建(jian)(jian)立一批相(xiang)對固定(ding)的生態保護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)管地(di)面(mian)核查點(dian)(dian)。建(jian)(jian)立生物多(duo)樣性(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)網絡體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，開展(zhan)重要生態系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和生物類群的常態化(hua)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)與觀(guan)測(ce)。新(xin)建(jian)(jian)大氣(qi)輻(fu)射自(zi)動監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)400個(ge)(ge)、土(tu)壤輻(fu)射監(jian)(jian)測(ce)點(dian)(dian)163個(ge)(ge)、飲用水水源地(di)輻(fu)射監(jian)(jian)測(ce)點(dian)(dian)330個(ge)(ge)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)森林監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)228個(ge)(ge)、濕地(di)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)85個(ge)(ge)、荒漠監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)108個(ge)(ge)、生物多(duo)樣性(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)站(zhan)300個(ge)(ge)。

　　加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)能力(li)建設(she)(she)。實(shi)現環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網格化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理，優化(hua)配置監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力(li)量，推動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)服務(wu)向農村地區延(yan)伸。完(wan)善環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)員選拔、培(pei)訓、考核等制度，充(chong)實(shi)一線執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)隊伍(wu)，保(bao)障執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)裝備，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)現場執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)取證(zheng)能力(li)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)隊伍(wu)職業化(hua)建設(she)(she)。實(shi)施全國環(huan)(huan)保(bao)系統人(ren)才雙向交(jiao)流(liu)計劃，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)中西部地區環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)隊伍(wu)建設(she)(she)。到2020年，基(ji)本實(shi)現各級(ji)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)員資(zi)格培(pei)訓及持證(zheng)上崗全覆(fu)蓋，全國縣(xian)級(ji)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)機構(gou)裝備基(ji)本滿足需求。

　　加強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)保信息系統(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。組織開(kai)展第二(er)次(ci)全國(guo)污染(ran)源普查，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立完善(shan)全國(guo)污染(ran)源基本單位名錄(lu)。加強環(huan)(huan)境統(tong)(tong)計(ji)能力，將(jiang)小微企業納入環(huan)(huan)境統(tong)(tong)計(ji)范圍，梳理(li)污染(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放數(shu)(shu)據，逐步實(shi)(shi)現(xian)各套(tao)數(shu)(shu)據的整合和歸(gui)真。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立典(dian)型生(sheng)態(tai)區基礎數(shu)(shu)據庫和信息管(guan)(guan)理(li)系統(tong)(tong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設和完善(shan)全國(guo)統(tong)(tong)一、覆蓋全面的實(shi)(shi)時在線環(huan)(huan)境監(jian)測監(jian)控系統(tong)(tong)。加快生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境大數(shu)(shu)據平臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)、污染(ran)源排(pai)放、環(huan)(huan)境執法、環(huan)(huan)評管(guan)(guan)理(li)、自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)、核與輻射等(deng)數(shu)(shu)據整合集成、動(dong)(dong)(dong)態(tai)更新，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立信息公開(kai)和共(gong)享平臺，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境大數(shu)(shu)據建(jian)(jian)(jian)設試點(dian)。提高智(zhi)慧環(huan)(huan)境管(guan)(guan)理(li)技(ji)術水平，重點(dian)提升環(huan)(huan)境污染(ran)治理(li)工藝自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化、智(zhi)能化技(ji)術水平，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立環(huan)(huan)保數(shu)(shu)據共(gong)享與產(chan)品(pin)服務業務體(ti)系。

專欄7　加強(qiang)生態環境基礎調查

　　加大(da)基礎調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)力度，重點(dian)(dian)開(kai)展第二次(ci)全國(guo)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)普(pu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、全國(guo)危(wei)險廢(fei)物(wu)普(pu)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、集(ji)中式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、農村集(ji)中式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、地下水(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、土壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)狀(zhuang)況詳(xiang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)激素類化(hua)學品調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、生物(wu)多樣性綜合調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、外來入侵物(wu)種(zhong)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、重點(dian)(dian)區域(yu)河流(liu)(liu)湖(hu)泊底(di)泥調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區資源(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)本底(di)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、公民生活方式綠色(se)化(hua)實踐(jian)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。開(kai)展全國(guo)生態(tai)狀(zhuang)況變化(hua)（2011—2015年）調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估、生態(tai)風險調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估、地下水(shui)(shui)基礎環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀(zhuang)況調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估、公眾生態(tai)文(wen)明意(yi)識調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估、長江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)生態(tai)健康調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)健康調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、監測和風險評(ping)(ping)(ping)估等。

　　第九(jiu)章　實(shi)施一批國(guo)家生(sheng)態環境保(bao)護(hu)重大工程(cheng)

　　“十三五”期間，國(guo)家(jia)組織實施工業污染源全面達標排放(fang)等25項(xiang)重點(dian)工程，建立重大項(xiang)目(mu)庫，強化項(xiang)目(mu)績(ji)效管(guan)理(li)。項(xiang)目(mu)投入(ru)以企(qi)業和地(di)方政(zheng)府為主，中央財政(zheng)予以適當支(zhi)持。

專(zhuan)欄8　環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理保護(hu)重點工程

　　（一）工業污染源全(quan)面(mian)達(da)標排(pai)放。

　　限(xian)期(qi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)50萬蒸噸燃煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐、工(gong)業(ye)園區(qu)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理設施(shi)。全國地(di)級及(ji)以上(shang)城市建成(cheng)區(qu)基本淘汰10蒸噸以下(xia)燃煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐，完成(cheng)燃煤(mei)鍋(guo)爐脫硫(liu)脫硝除塵改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)、鋼鐵行(xing)(xing)業(ye)燒結(jie)機脫硫(liu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)、水(shui)(shui)泥行(xing)(xing)業(ye)脫硝改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)。對鋼鐵、水(shui)(shui)泥、平板(ban)玻璃、造(zao)紙、印染、氮肥、制糖(tang)等行(xing)(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)不能穩定達標的企業(ye)逐一進行(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)。限(xian)期(qi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)造(zao)工(gong)業(ye)園區(qu)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理設施(shi)。

　　（二）大氣(qi)污染重(zhong)點區域氣(qi)化(hua)。

　　建(jian)設完善(shan)京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠三角和東北地區天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)輸送管道、城(cheng)市(shi)燃氣(qi)(qi)管網、天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)儲氣(qi)(qi)庫、城(cheng)市(shi)調(diao)峰站儲氣(qi)(qi)罐等基礎設施，推進(jin)重點城(cheng)市(shi)“煤改氣(qi)(qi)”工程，替(ti)代燃煤鍋爐18.9萬(wan)蒸噸。

　　（三(san)）燃(ran)煤(mei)電廠超低(di)排(pai)放改造(zao)。

　　完成4.2億千(qian)瓦機組(zu)超低(di)排放改造(zao)任務，實(shi)施(shi)1.1億千(qian)瓦機組(zu)達標(biao)改造(zao)，限期(qi)淘汰2000萬千(qian)瓦落后產能和(he)不符合相關強制性標(biao)準(zhun)要求的機組(zu)。

　　（四）揮(hui)發性有機(ji)物綜合整治。

　　開展石化(hua)企業揮發性(xing)(xing)有(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)治理，實施(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)化(hua)工(gong)園區(qu)、醫藥(yao)化(hua)工(gong)園區(qu)及煤化(hua)工(gong)基地揮發性(xing)(xing)有(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)整治，推(tui)進加油(you)站、油(you)罐車、儲(chu)油(you)庫油(you)氣(qi)回(hui)收及綜(zong)合(he)治理。推(tui)動工(gong)業涂裝和包(bao)裝印(yin)刷行業揮發性(xing)(xing)有(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)整治。

　　（五）良好水體及地下水環境保護(hu)。

　　對江河源(yuan)(yuan)頭及378個(ge)水(shui)(shui)質達到或優(you)于Ⅲ類(lei)的江河湖(hu)庫實(shi)施嚴(yan)格保護。實(shi)施重要江河湖(hu)庫入(ru)河排污口整治(zhi)工程。完成重要飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地達標建(jian)設，推進備(bei)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設、水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)涵養和(he)生態修(xiu)復(fu)，探(tan)索建(jian)設生物緩沖帶。加強(qiang)地下水(shui)(shui)保護，對報廢礦井(jing)、鉆井(jing)、取水(shui)(shui)井(jing)實(shi)施封井(jing)回填，開展京津冀晉等(deng)區域地下水(shui)(shui)修(xiu)復(fu)試點。

　　（六）重點流域(yu)海域(yu)水環境治理。

　　針對七大流域(yu)及近(jin)岸海域(yu)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境突出問題，以(yi)580個優(you)先(xian)控(kong)制單元(yuan)為重(zhong)點(dian)，推進流域(yu)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境保護與綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理，統籌點(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、面(mian)源(yuan)(yuan)污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)和河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)生態修復，分類施(shi)(shi)策，實施(shi)(shi)流域(yu)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理工程，加大整治(zhi)(zhi)力度，切實改(gai)善重(zhong)點(dian)流域(yu)海域(yu)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質量。實施(shi)(shi)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、洞庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、滇池、巢湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、白洋淀、烏梁素海、呼倫湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、艾比湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等重(zhong)點(dian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)庫水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染(ran)綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理。開展(zhan)長江中(zhong)下游(you)、珠三角等河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內(nei)源(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)(zhi)理。

　　（七(qi)）城鎮生活污水(shui)處理設施(shi)全(quan)覆蓋。

　　以城市(shi)黑臭水(shui)(shui)體整治(zhi)和343個水(shui)(shui)質需改善控制單元為重(zhong)點(dian)，強化污(wu)水(shui)(shui)收(shou)集處(chu)理與(yu)重(zhong)污(wu)染水(shui)(shui)體治(zhi)理。加強城市(shi)、縣城和重(zhong)點(dian)鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設施(shi)建(jian)設，加快(kuai)收(shou)集管網建(jian)設，對污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理廠升級改造，全面達到一級A排放標準(zhun)。推(tui)進再生水(shui)(shui)回(hui)用，強化污(wu)泥處(chu)理處(chu)置(zhi)，提升污(wu)泥無害化處(chu)理能力。

　　（八(ba)）農村環境綜合整治。

　　實(shi)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)村生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)理專項行(xing)動，推(tui)進13萬個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村環(huan)境綜(zong)(zong)合整治(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)資源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)示范工程，建設(she)污(wu)水(shui)垃圾(ji)收(shou)集處(chu)理利用(yong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，梯次推(tui)進農(nong)村生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)治(zhi)(zhi)理，實(shi)現90%的行(xing)政(zheng)村生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)得(de)到治(zhi)(zhi)理。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)畜禽(qin)養殖(zhi)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)理與資源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)，開展畜禽(qin)規模養殖(zhi)場（小區）污(wu)染(ran)(ran)綜(zong)(zong)合治(zhi)(zhi)理，實(shi)現75%以上的畜禽(qin)養殖(zhi)場（小區）配套建設(she)固體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)和污(wu)水(shui)貯存處(chu)理設(she)施(shi)(shi)。

　　（九）土壤環(huan)境治理。

　　組織(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)土(tu)壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)詳查，開(kai)(kai)發土(tu)壤環境質量風(feng)(feng)險識別(bie)系統。完(wan)成(cheng)100個(ge)農(nong)用地和100個(ge)建設用地污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)試點(dian)。建設6個(ge)土(tu)壤污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)綜(zong)合(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)先行區(qu)。開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)1000萬畝(mu)受(shou)(shou)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)耕地治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)和4000萬畝(mu)受(shou)(shou)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)耕地風(feng)(feng)險管(guan)控。組織(zhi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)化(hua)工(gong)企業搬(ban)遷(qian)后(hou)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)狀(zhuang)況詳查，制定綜(zong)合(he)整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)案，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)與修(xiu)復(fu)工(gong)程示范，對暫(zan)不開(kai)(kai)發利用的高(gao)風(feng)(feng)險污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)地塊(kuai)實施風(feng)(feng)險管(guan)控。全(quan)面整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)歷史遺留尾(wei)礦庫。實施高(gao)風(feng)(feng)險歷史遺留重金屬污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)地塊(kuai)、河道、廢渣(zha)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)修(xiu)復(fu)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)工(gong)程，完(wan)成(cheng)31塊(kuai)歷史遺留無主鉻渣(zha)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)地塊(kuai)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)。

　　（十）重點(dian)領域環境風險防范。

　　開展生(sheng)活(huo)垃(la)圾焚燒飛灰處理處置(zhi)，建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)域性(xing)(xing)廢鉛蓄(xu)電池(chi)、廢鋰電池(chi)回(hui)收網(wang)絡。加強有毒有害化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)和健康風(feng)(feng)險評估能力建(jian)設(she)(she)，建(jian)立(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)危害特性(xing)(xing)基礎(chu)數(shu)據庫(ku)，建(jian)設(she)(she)國家化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)計算(suan)毒理中(zhong)心和國家化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)品(pin)(pin)測試實(shi)驗(yan)室。建(jian)設(she)(she)50個針(zhen)對大型(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工園(yuan)區(qu)、集中(zhong)飲用水(shui)水(shui)源地等(deng)不同類型(xing)風(feng)(feng)險區(qu)域的全過程環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)風(feng)(feng)險管理示(shi)范區(qu)。建(jian)設(she)(she)1個國家環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)救援實(shi)訓(xun)基地，具(ju)備(bei)人員實(shi)訓(xun)、物資儲備(bei)、成(cheng)果(guo)展示(shi)、應急(ji)救援、后(hou)勤(qin)保障、科技(ji)研發(fa)等(deng)核心功能，配(pei)套建(jian)設(she)(she)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)演(yan)練(lian)系(xi)(xi)統、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)應急(ji)模擬(ni)訓(xun)練(lian)場以及網(wang)絡培訓(xun)平(ping)臺。建(jian)設(she)(she)國家生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)大數(shu)據平(ping)臺，研制發(fa)射系(xi)(xi)列(lie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的大氣環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)監(jian)測衛(wei)星(xing)(xing)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)星(xing)(xing)后(hou)續(xu)星(xing)(xing)并組網(wang)運行(xing)。建(jian)設(she)(she)全國及重點區(qu)域大氣環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)預報(bao)預警平(ping)臺、國家水(shui)質監(jian)測預警平(ping)臺、國家生(sheng)態保護(hu)監(jian)控(kong)平(ping)臺。加強中(zhong)西部(bu)地區(qu)市縣(xian)兩級(ji)、東部(bu)欠發(fa)達(da)地區(qu)縣(xian)級(ji)執法機構的調查取證儀器設(she)(she)備(bei)配(pei)置(zhi)。

　　（十一）核(he)與輻射安全(quan)保障能力提升(sheng)。

　　建(jian)成核與輻射(she)(she)(she)安(an)全(quan)監管技術研發基(ji)地，加快建(jian)設早期核設施退役及歷史遺留(liu)放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)性廢(fei)物處理(li)(li)處置工程，建(jian)設5座中低放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)性廢(fei)物處置場和1個高放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)性廢(fei)物處理(li)(li)地下實驗室，建(jian)設高風險放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)源(yuan)(yuan)實時監控系統，廢(fei)舊放(fang)(fang)射(she)(she)(she)源(yuan)(yuan)100%安(an)全(quan)收貯。加強國家核事故應急救援(yuan)隊伍建(jian)設。

專欄9　山水林田湖生態工(gong)程

　　（一）國(guo)家生態(tai)安(an)全屏障保護修復。

　　推進(jin)青藏(zang)高原、黃土高原、云貴高原、秦巴山(shan)脈、祁連山(shan)脈、大小興安嶺和長白(bai)山(shan)、南嶺山(shan)地(di)地(di)區(qu)、京津冀(ji)水源涵(han)養區(qu)、內蒙古高原、河(he)(he)西走廊(lang)、塔里(li)木河(he)(he)流域(yu)、滇桂(gui)黔(qian)喀斯特地(di)區(qu)等關系國(guo)家生(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)的核心(xin)地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)修復治理。

　　（二）國土綠化(hua)行動。

　　開(kai)(kai)展大規模(mo)植樹增綠(lv)活動，集中連片建(jian)設(she)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)，加強“三北”、沿海、長江和(he)珠江流域等防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)，加快建(jian)設(she)儲備林(lin)(lin)(lin)及用材林(lin)(lin)(lin)基地(di)建(jian)設(she)，推進退化(hua)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復(fu)，建(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色生態保護(hu)(hu)空(kong)間(jian)和(he)連接各(ge)生態空(kong)間(jian)的生態廊(lang)道。開(kai)(kai)展農田防(fang)護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)設(she)，開(kai)(kai)展太(tai)行山綠(lv)化(hua)，開(kai)(kai)展鹽堿(jian)地(di)、干熱河谷造林(lin)(lin)(lin)試點(dian)示范，開(kai)(kai)展山體(ti)(ti)生態修復(fu)。

　　（三）國土綜(zong)合(he)整治。

　　開(kai)展重點流域、海(hai)岸帶和海(hai)島(dao)綜(zong)合整治(zhi)(zhi)，加強礦(kuang)產資源開(kai)發集中地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)質環境治(zhi)(zhi)理和生態(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)。推進(jin)損毀土地(di)(di)、工礦(kuang)廢棄(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)復(fu)(fu)(fu)墾，修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)自然災(zai)害、大(da)型建設項目破壞的(de)山體(ti)(ti)、礦(kuang)山廢棄(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)。加大(da)京杭大(da)運河(he)(he)、黃(huang)河(he)(he)明(ming)清(qing)故道沿線綜(zong)合治(zhi)(zhi)理力度。推進(jin)邊疆(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)國土綜(zong)合開(kai)發、防(fang)護和整治(zhi)(zhi)。

　　（四）天然林資源保護。

　　將天(tian)然林(lin)和可以培育成(cheng)為天(tian)然林(lin)的(de)未成(cheng)林(lin)封育地(di)、疏林(lin)地(di)、灌木林(lin)地(di)全部劃入(ru)天(tian)然林(lin)，對(dui)難以自然更新的(de)林(lin)地(di)通過人工造林(lin)恢復森林(lin)植(zhi)被。

　　（五）新一輪(lun)退耕還林還草(cao)和(he)退牧還草(cao)。

　　實施(shi)具備(bei)條件的25度以上坡(po)耕地、嚴重(zhong)沙化(hua)耕地和重(zhong)要水(shui)源地15—25度坡(po)耕地退(tui)耕還(huan)林還(huan)草(cao)。穩定擴(kuo)大退(tui)牧還(huan)草(cao)范圍(wei)(wei)，優化(hua)建(jian)設(she)內容(rong)，適當提(ti)高(gao)中央投資補(bu)助標準。實施(shi)草(cao)原圍(wei)(wei)欄(lan)1000萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、退(tui)化(hua)草(cao)原改良267萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)，建(jian)設(she)人工飼草(cao)地33萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、舍飼棚(peng)(peng)圈（儲草(cao)棚(peng)(peng)、青貯(zhu)窯(yao)）30萬(wan)(wan)戶、開展巖(yan)溶(rong)地區(qu)草(cao)地治理(li)33萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、黑土(tu)灘治理(li)7萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)、毒害草(cao)治理(li)l2萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。

　　（六）防沙治沙和水土流失綜(zong)合治理(li)。

　　實施北(bei)方防(fang)沙帶、黃土高原區、東北(bei)黑(hei)土區、西南(nan)巖溶區以(yi)及(ji)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”沿線區域(yu)(yu)等重點區域(yu)(yu)水(shui)土流失綜合防(fang)治，以(yi)及(ji)京津風沙源和(he)石漠化綜合治理(li)，推(tui)進沙化土地(di)封禁保護、坡耕地(di)綜合治理(li)、侵蝕溝整治和(he)生(sheng)態清潔小流域(yu)(yu)建設。新增水(shui)土流失治理(li)面(mian)積27萬平方公里。

　　（七(qi)）河湖與(yu)濕地保護恢復。

　　加(jia)強長江(jiang)中上(shang)游(you)、黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)沿線及貴州草(cao)海(hai)等自然濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)，對功能(neng)降低、生(sheng)物多樣性減少(shao)的濕(shi)地(di)進(jin)行綜合(he)治(zhi)理，開(kai)展濕(shi)地(di)可持續利用示范。加(jia)強珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危水生(sheng)生(sheng)物、重(zhong)要(yao)水產(chan)種質資源(yuan)以(yi)及產(chan)卵場、索餌場、越(yue)冬場、洄游(you)通道等重(zhong)要(yao)漁業水域保(bao)護(hu)。推進(jin)京津冀“六河(he)(he)(he)(he)五湖(hu)”、湖(hu)北“四湖(hu)”、錢塘江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)、草(cao)海(hai)、梁子湖(hu)、汾河(he)(he)(he)(he)、滹沱河(he)(he)(he)(he)、紅(hong)堿淖等重(zhong)要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)和濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)與修復，推進(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)生(sheng)態化治(zhi)理。

　　（八(ba)）瀕危野生動植物搶救性保護。

　　保護(hu)和(he)改善大熊貓、朱鹮、虎、豹、亞洲象、蘭科(ke)植(zhi)物(wu)、蘇鐵類(lei)、野(ye)生(sheng)稻(dao)等珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)棲息地，建設原生(sheng)境保護(hu)區、救護(hu)繁(fan)育中(zhong)心和(he)基因庫，開(kai)展(zhan)拯救繁(fan)育和(he)野(ye)化(hua)放歸(gui)。加強野(ye)外生(sheng)存繁(fan)衍困(kun)難的(de)極(ji)小種群、野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)和(he)極(ji)度瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)拯救。開(kai)展(zhan)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)種質資(zi)源調(diao)查、搶救性收集和(he)保存，建設種質資(zi)源庫（圃）。

　　（九(jiu)）生物多樣(yang)性保(bao)護。

　　開展生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)優先區(qu)(qu)域生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)調查和(he)評估(gu)，建設50個生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)綜合觀測站(zhan)和(he)800個觀測樣區(qu)(qu)，建立生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)數據(ju)庫及(ji)生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)評估(gu)預(yu)警(jing)平(ping)臺、生物(wu)物(wu)種查驗(yan)鑒定平(ping)臺，完成(cheng)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)勘(kan)界確(que)權(quan)，60%以上國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)達到規范(fan)(fan)化建設要求(qiu)，加強生態廊(lang)道建設，有步驟(zou)地(di)實施自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)核心區(qu)(qu)、緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)生態移(yi)民(min)，完善遷地(di)保護(hu)(hu)體系，建設國(guo)家生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)博(bo)物(wu)館。開展生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)、恢(hui)復與減貧示范(fan)(fan)。

　　（十）外來入侵(qin)物種防(fang)治行動。

　　選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)50個(ge)(ge)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區開展(zhan)典型外(wai)(wai)來(lai)入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)防治行動。選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)云南、廣(guang)西和東南沿海(hai)省份(fen)等外(wai)(wai)來(lai)入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)危害嚴重(zhong)區域，建立50個(ge)(ge)外(wai)(wai)來(lai)入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)防控和資源化利用示范推廣(guang)區，建設100個(ge)(ge)天敵繁(fan)育(yu)基地、1000公里隔離帶。建設300個(ge)(ge)口(kou)岸物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)查驗點，提升50個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)點進(jin)境口(kou)岸的防范外(wai)(wai)來(lai)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)入侵(qin)能力。針對(dui)已入侵(qin)我國的外(wai)(wai)來(lai)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)進(jin)行調查，建立外(wai)(wai)來(lai)入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)數據庫，構(gou)建衛星遙感與地面(mian)監測相(xiang)結合的外(wai)(wai)來(lai)入侵(qin)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)監測預警體系。

　　（十(shi)一）森林質量精準提升。

　　加快(kuai)推進混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)培育、森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)撫育、退(tui)(tui)化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復、公(gong)益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)管護和林(lin)(lin)(lin)木良種(zhong)培育。精準提升大江大河源頭、國有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區（場）和集(ji)體林(lin)(lin)(lin)區森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)質量。森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)撫育4000萬(wan)公(gong)頃，退(tui)(tui)化林(lin)(lin)(lin)修復900萬(wan)公(gong)頃。

　　（十二(er)）古樹名木保護。

　　嚴格保護古樹(shu)(shu)名木(mu)樹(shu)(shu)冠覆蓋區域(yu)、根(gen)系(xi)分布區域(yu)，科(ke)學(xue)設置標牌和保護圍欄，對衰(shuai)弱、瀕危古樹(shu)(shu)名木(mu)采取促進生長、增強樹(shu)(shu)勢措施，搶救古樹(shu)(shu)名木(mu)60萬株(zhu)(zhu)、復壯300萬株(zhu)(zhu)。

　　（十三）城市生態修復和(he)生態產品(pin)供給(gei)。

　　對城市(shi)規(gui)劃(hua)區(qu)范圍內自然資源和生(sheng)態(tai)空間(jian)進行調查(cha)評估(gu)，綜合識別已被(bei)破壞、自我恢(hui)復(fu)能力(li)差、亟需實施修復(fu)的區(qu)域(yu)，開展(zhan)城市(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)修復(fu)試(shi)點示(shi)范。推進綠(lv)(lv)道綠(lv)(lv)廊建設，合理規(gui)劃(hua)建設各類公園綠(lv)(lv)地(di)，加快老舊公園改造，增加生(sheng)態(tai)產品供給。

　　（十(shi)四(si)）生態環境技術創新。

　　建(jian)(jian)設(she)一(yi)批生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)科技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)平(ping)臺，優先推動建(jian)(jian)設(she)一(yi)批專業(ye)化環(huan)保(bao)高新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)開發(fa)區。推進水(shui)、大氣、土壤、生(sheng)態、風(feng)險、智慧(hui)環(huan)保(bao)等重大研究專項，實(shi)施(shi)京津冀、長江經(jing)濟帶、“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”、東北老工(gong)業(ye)基地、湘(xiang)江流域等區域環(huan)境(jing)質量提升創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程，實(shi)施(shi)青藏高原、黃土高原、北方風(feng)沙(sha)帶、西南巖溶(rong)區等生(sheng)態屏障區保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程，實(shi)施(shi)城(cheng)市廢物安全(quan)處(chu)置與(yu)循環(huan)利用創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程、環(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險治(zhi)理與(yu)清(qing)潔替代創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程、智慧(hui)環(huan)境(jing)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程。推進環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)重點實(shi)驗室、工(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)中心、科學(xue)觀測(ce)站和(he)決(jue)策支(zhi)撐體系建(jian)(jian)設(she)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)瀾(lan)滄(cang)江—湄公河水(shui)資源合作中心和(he)環(huan)境(jing)合作中心、“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”信息(xi)共享與(yu)決(jue)策平(ping)臺。

　　第十章　健全規劃實施保(bao)障措施

　　第一節　明(ming)確任務分工

　　明(ming)確地(di)方目標責任(ren)(ren)(ren)。地(di)方各(ge)級人民(min)政府(fu)是(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃實施(shi)的責任(ren)(ren)(ren)主體，要把生態(tai)環境(jing)保護(hu)目標、任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)、措施(shi)和重點(dian)工程納(na)入(ru)本地(di)區國民(min)經濟和社會(hui)發展規(gui)(gui)劃，制定并(bing)公(gong)布生態(tai)環境(jing)保護(hu)重點(dian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)和年度目標。各(ge)地(di)區對規(gui)(gui)劃實施(shi)情(qing)況進行信(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開，推動全社會(hui)參與和監督，確保各(ge)項任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)全面完(wan)成。

　　部(bu)門協同推進規劃(hua)任務。有關部(bu)門要各負其責，密切配合，完善體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)，加大(da)資金(jin)投入，加大(da)規劃(hua)實施力度(du)。在大(da)氣、水(shui)、土壤、重(zhong)金(jin)屬、生物多樣性等領域建(jian)立協作機制(zhi)(zhi)，定期研究解決重(zhong)大(da)問題(ti)。環境(jing)保護部(bu)每年向國務院報告(gao)環境(jing)保護重(zhong)點工作進展情況。

　　第二節　加大投(tou)入力度(du)

　　加(jia)大財政(zheng)資(zi)(zi)金投入。按(an)照中央與地方事權和(he)支(zhi)(zhi)出責(ze)(ze)任劃(hua)分的要求，加(jia)快(kuai)建立(li)與環(huan)保支(zhi)(zhi)出責(ze)(ze)任相適應的財政(zheng)管理(li)(li)制度,各級財政(zheng)應保障(zhang)同級生(sheng)態環(huan)保重點支(zhi)(zhi)出。優化創新環(huan)保專項資(zi)(zi)金使用方式(shi)，加(jia)大對環(huan)境(jing)污染第三方治理(li)(li)、政(zheng)府和(he)社(she)會(hui)資(zi)(zi)本合作模式(shi)的支(zhi)(zhi)持力度。按(an)照山(shan)水林田(tian)湖系統治理(li)(li)的要求，整(zheng)合生(sheng)態保護修復相關資(zi)(zi)金。

　　拓寬(kuan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金籌措渠道(dao)。完善使用者付費制(zhi)度，支持經營類環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)。積(ji)極推(tui)行(xing)政府和社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)合作，探索以(yi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)開(kai)發項(xiang)目(mu)、資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)綜合利用等收益彌補污染(ran)防治(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)投(tou)入和社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)回報，吸引社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)參與準公益性和公益性環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)。鼓勵社會資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)以(yi)市場化(hua)方(fang)式設(she)立(li)環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)基金。鼓勵創業投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)企業、股權投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)企業和社會捐贈資(zi)(zi)(zi)金增加生態環保(bao)(bao)投(tou)入。

　　第(di)三節　加強(qiang)國際合作

　　參與(yu)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)環(huan)境治理。積極參與(yu)全球環(huan)境治理規則構建(jian)，深度(du)參與(yu)環(huan)境國際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)公約(yue)(yue)、核安全國際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)公約(yue)(yue)和與(yu)環(huan)境相(xiang)關的(de)(de)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)貿易投資(zi)協定談判，承擔并(bing)履(lv)行好(hao)同發展(zhan)中大(da)國相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)責任，并(bing)做好(hao)履(lv)約(yue)(yue)工作。依法規范(fan)境外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)環(huan)保組(zu)織在華(hua)活動(dong)。加(jia)(jia)大(da)宣傳力度(du)，對(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)講好(hao)中國環(huan)保故事。根據對(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)援助統一(yi)部署，加(jia)(jia)大(da)對(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)援助力度(du)，創新對(dui)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)援助方式(shi)。

　　提(ti)升國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)水(shui)平。建立(li)完善(shan)與相關國(guo)(guo)(guo)家、國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)織、研究機構、民間團體的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)機制，搭(da)建對(dui)話交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)平臺，促(cu)進生(sheng)態(tai)環保理念、管理制度政策(ce)、環保產(chan)業技術等方面(mian)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)，全面(mian)提(ti)升國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)化水(shui)平。組(zu)(zu)織開(kai)展一批大氣(qi)、水(shui)、土壤、生(sheng)物多樣性等領(ling)域的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)項(xiang)目。落實聯合(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)2030年可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展議程。加強(qiang)與世界各國(guo)(guo)(guo)、區域和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)織在(zai)生(sheng)態(tai)環保和(he)核(he)安全領(ling)域的(de)對(dui)話交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)與務實合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)。加強(qiang)南(nan)南(nan)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)，積極開(kai)展生(sheng)態(tai)環保和(he)核(he)安全領(ling)域的(de)對(dui)外合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)。嚴厲打擊化學(xue)品(pin)非法(fa)貿易、固(gu)體廢物非法(fa)越(yue)境(jing)轉移。

　　第四節　推進試(shi)點示范

　　推進(jin)國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)建設。以改(gai)善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境質量、推動(dong)綠(lv)色(se)發展為(wei)目標，以體(ti)制創新、制度(du)(du)供(gong)給、模式探索為(wei)重(zhong)點，設立統一規范的國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)。積極推進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)社區(qu)(qu)、綠(lv)色(se)學(xue)校、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)工(gong)業園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)等“綠(lv)色(se)細胞”工(gong)程。到(dao)2017年，試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)點改(gai)革(ge)任務(wu)取得重(zhong)要進(jin)展，形成(cheng)若干可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)、有(you)效管用的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明制度(du)(du)成(cheng)果(guo)；到(dao)2020年，試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)率先建成(cheng)較為(wei)完善的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明制度(du)(du)體(ti)系，形成(cheng)一批可(ke)在全國(guo)復制推廣的重(zhong)大制度(du)(du)成(cheng)果(guo)。

　　強化(hua)示范引領。深入開(kai)展(zhan)生態文明建(jian)設示范區創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)，提高創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)規(gui)范化(hua)和(he)制度化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)，注(zhu)重(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)的(de)(de)區域平(ping)衡(heng)性。加強創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)與環保(bao)重(zhong)點工作的(de)(de)協(xie)調聯(lian)動，強化(hua)后續監督(du)與管理，開(kai)展(zhan)成(cheng)效(xiao)評估和(he)經驗總結，宣傳推廣現有的(de)(de)可(ke)復制、可(ke)借鑒的(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)模式。

　　深入推進(jin)(jin)重點(dian)政策制(zhi)度試(shi)點(dian)示(shi)范。開展農村環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)體制(zhi)機制(zhi)綜合改革與(yu)創新試(shi)點(dian)。試(shi)點(dian)劃(hua)分環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)達標(biao)(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)區(qu)和(he)(he)未達標(biao)(biao)控(kong)制(zhi)區(qu)，分別按照排放標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)約束實(shi)施污(wu)染源監管和(he)(he)排污(wu)許可。推進(jin)(jin)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)審計、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損(sun)害賠償、環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服務業和(he)(he)政府購(gou)買服務改革試(shi)點(dian)，強化政策支撐和(he)(he)監管，適時擴(kuo)大環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染第三方(fang)治理試(shi)點(dian)地(di)區(qu)、行業范圍。開展省級生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)綜合改革試(shi)點(dian)。

　　第(di)五節　嚴(yan)格評估考(kao)核

　　環境保護(hu)部要會同有關部門定期(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)省（區、市(shi)）環境質(zhi)量(liang)改善、重點(dian)污染(ran)物排放、生(sheng)態環境保護(hu)重大(da)工程(cheng)進(jin)展情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)調度，結果向社會公開。整合各(ge)(ge)類生(sheng)態環境評(ping)估(gu)考核，在2018年(nian)、2020年(nian)底，分別對(dui)(dui)本規(gui)劃執(zhi)行(xing)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)中期(qi)(qi)評(ping)估(gu)和終(zhong)期(qi)(qi)考核，評(ping)估(gu)考核結果向國務院報告(gao)，向社會公布，并作為對(dui)(dui)領導班子(zi)和領導干部綜合考核評(ping)價的重要依據。